【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,人類面臨能源短缺、污染嚴(yán)重等威脅,研發(fā)替代能源、可持續(xù)能源是解決該問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵,生物質(zhì)能是一種可再生的清潔能源,具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。目前我國(guó)生物質(zhì)能利用技術(shù)尚處于起步階段,存在技術(shù)相對(duì)落后、缺乏排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等問(wèn)題。本研究旨在通過(guò)模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),研究生物質(zhì)顆粒燃料燃燒特性及燃燒過(guò)程中NOX、SO2、顆粒物及HCl等大氣污染物排放特征,這對(duì)生物質(zhì)燃料的推廣使用及生物質(zhì)燃燒污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定具有重要意義。本實(shí)驗(yàn)以松木鋸末、混合木質(zhì)刨花、玉米秸稈三種燃料為研究對(duì)象,進(jìn)行生物質(zhì)顆粒燃料工業(yè)鍋爐大氣污染物排放特征模擬研究。通過(guò)熱重分析及管式爐實(shí)驗(yàn)研究生物質(zhì)燃燒特性;利用管式爐模擬工業(yè)鍋爐,研究燃料種類、燃燒溫度(700℃、800℃、900℃、1000℃)及進(jìn)氣量(3L/min、4L/min、5L/min)等條件對(duì)常規(guī)大氣污染物和特征污染物排放濃度的影響,進(jìn)而建立動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,以掌握生物質(zhì)顆粒燃料燃燒煙氣中污染物的釋放特征。具體研究?jī)?nèi)容及結(jié)果如下:(1)生物質(zhì)燃料燃燒特性研究。三種生物質(zhì)燃料的熱解均分為預(yù)熱干燥、揮發(fā)分析出及燃燒、焦炭燃燒三個(gè)階段,且在第二階段TG曲線有最大變化,DTG曲線相應(yīng)位置出現(xiàn)峰值,為熱解最主要階段。松木和玉米燃料在燃燒后期,焦炭析出時(shí)需要向外界吸收一定熱量,而混合木質(zhì)燃料并不需要。三種燃料因其揮發(fā)分含量較高均能呈現(xiàn)出較好的燃燒性能,但松木鋸末的燃燒穩(wěn)定性最好,燃燒速率最大,點(diǎn)火和燃盡溫度最低,比其他兩種燃料更為優(yōu)良。燃燒溫度、進(jìn)氣量等因素對(duì)顆粒燃料的燃燒特性均有影響:同樣進(jìn)氣量下,溫度越高對(duì)應(yīng)的濃度峰越窄,達(dá)到峰值所需時(shí)間越短。燃料在不完全燃燒狀態(tài)下,CO排放濃度會(huì)明顯增大。(2)生物質(zhì)顆粒燃料燃燒過(guò)程中,常規(guī)大氣污染物排放特征研究。NOX產(chǎn)生量的多少及排放濃度的變化是燃料種類、進(jìn)氣量、燃燒溫度等因素共同作用的結(jié)果。NOX和SO2主要產(chǎn)生于揮發(fā)分析出燃燒階段,產(chǎn)生量與燃料本身N、S含量有一定關(guān)系。SO2在不完全燃燒或較為溫和的溫度(800~900℃)條件下會(huì)有少量釋放。而NOX相對(duì)復(fù)雜,800℃時(shí),因CO排放量增加而導(dǎo)致NOX濃度有所降低。生物質(zhì)燃料燃燒后顆粒物產(chǎn)生量遠(yuǎn)低于煤,排放量大致隨著溫度和進(jìn)氣量的增加而增加;高溫且進(jìn)氣量較大時(shí),揮發(fā)分析出迅速,部分來(lái)不及燃燒便隨煙氣排出而被濾膜截留,會(huì)導(dǎo)致顆粒物排放量有所增加。(3)生物質(zhì)顆粒燃料燃燒過(guò)程中,特征污染物HCl排放特征研究。比濁法是生物質(zhì)顆粒燃料燃燒煙氣中微量氯測(cè)定的有效方法,1g生物質(zhì)顆粒燃燒后的HCl排放量在0.2~1.2mg左右,其排放量與生物質(zhì)本身含氯量及燃料的物理特性有關(guān),且與燃燒溫度及進(jìn)氣量等也有較大關(guān)系。HCl釋放量隨著進(jìn)氣量及溫度的增加而增加,但溫度過(guò)高也會(huì)使K以KCl(g)形式直接進(jìn)入氣態(tài)而使得HCl有所減少。(4)生物質(zhì)顆粒燃料燃燒反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)研究。采用Coats-Redfern積分方法進(jìn)行動(dòng)力學(xué)分析,選取合適的反應(yīng)機(jī)理函數(shù),研究不同溫度階段的反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)。每一種生物質(zhì)燃料的燃燒反應(yīng)級(jí)數(shù)不同,且在不同反應(yīng)階段,也有所不同。生物質(zhì)顆粒燃料燃燒反應(yīng)活化能隨著反應(yīng)的推進(jìn)呈先降低后增加的趨勢(shì),與揮發(fā)分、焦炭等主要可燃組分的析出燃燒機(jī)理一致。(5)最優(yōu)燃燒條件。溫度控制在800℃左右,進(jìn)氣量控制在4~5L/min范圍內(nèi)可一定程度的降低NOX、SO2、顆粒物及HCl等污染物的排放。此條件下松木鋸末、混合木質(zhì)、玉米秸稈的燃料N轉(zhuǎn)化率最低,分別為13.0%、4.6%、11.8%。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of society and economy, human beings are facing the threat of energy shortage and serious pollution. Research and development of alternative energy, sustainable energy is the key to solve this problem. Biomass energy is a renewable clean energy, with broad application prospects. The purpose of this study is to study the combustion characteristics of biomass particulate fuels and the emission characteristics of NOX, SO2, particulate matter and HCl during combustion through simulation experiments, which is of great significance to the promotion of biomass fuels and the formulation of emission standards for biomass combustion pollutants. In the end, the air pollutant emission characteristics of biomass pellet fuel industrial boilers were simulated with three kinds of fuels, wood shavings and corn straw. The effects of temperature and air intake (3L/min, 4L/min, 5L/min) on the emission concentration of conventional and characteristic pollutants were studied. A kinetic model was established to understand the emission characteristics of pollutants in flue gas from biomass particulate fuel combustion. The pyrolysis of the material is divided into three stages: preheating drying, volatilization analysis and combustion, and coke combustion. The TG curve of the second stage has the greatest change, and the corresponding position of the DTG curve has the peak value, which is the main stage of pyrolysis. The burning characteristics of the three fuels are better than those of the other two fuels because of their high volatile content, but the burning stability of pine sawdust is the best, the burning rate is the highest, the ignition and burnout temperatures are the lowest, which are better than those of the other two fuels. The higher the temperature, the narrower the concentration peak, the shorter the time needed to reach the peak. Under incomplete combustion condition, the CO emission concentration will increase significantly. (2) Study on the emission characteristics of conventional air pollutants during biomass pellet fuel combustion. NOX and SO2 are mainly produced in the combustion stage of volatile analysis. The amount of NOX and SO2 produced is related to the content of N and S in the fuel itself. Particulate emission from biomass fuel combustion is much lower than that from coal, and increases with the increase of temperature and air intake. When the temperature is high and the air intake is large, volatilization analysis is rapid, and some of them are intercepted by filters before burning, resulting in the increase of particulate emission. The turbidimetric method is an effective method for the determination of Trace Chlorine in the flue gas of biomass pellet fuel combustion. The HCl emission of 1G biomass pellet after combustion is about 0.2~1.2 mg. The HCl emission is related to the chlorine content of biomass and the physical characteristics of fuel, and is also related to combustion temperature and air intake. The amount of Cl released increases with the increase of intake and temperature, but the high temperature will also make K enter the gaseous phase directly in the form of KCl (g) and reduce HCl. (4) Study on the combustion kinetics of biomass pellet fuel. The activation energy of biomass particulate fuel combustion decreases first and then increases with the advance of the reaction, which is consistent with the combustion mechanism of volatile, coke and other major combustible components. (5) Optimal combustion conditions. The nitrogen conversion of pine sawdust, mixed wood and corn straw was the lowest, 13.0%, 4.6% and 11.8% respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X701

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