蘭州市主城區(qū)居民PM2.5及其相關(guān)PAHs暴露評(píng)估與健康效應(yīng)評(píng)價(jià)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-12 20:34
【摘要】：目的:大氣污染治理是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜而系統(tǒng)性工程,蘭州市主城區(qū)從2012年入冬開始全面實(shí)施“煤改氣”工程,2013年下半年空氣質(zhì)量自動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)建設(shè)完畢并陸續(xù)投入使用,大氣細(xì)顆粒物(PM2.5)被納入監(jiān)測(cè)范圍。因此本研究擬對(duì)蘭州市主城區(qū)2013年至2016年大氣PM2.5濃度變化情況進(jìn)行分析,評(píng)估主城區(qū)居民PM2.5暴露情況,并對(duì)PM2.5暴露所致的人群健康效應(yīng)及健康經(jīng)濟(jì)效益進(jìn)行分析;同時(shí),對(duì)2015年至2016年P(guān)M2.5中多環(huán)芳烴(PAHs)含量進(jìn)行檢測(cè),評(píng)估當(dāng)前主城區(qū)居民PAHs暴露水平,并對(duì)其所致的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及暴露組成、來源進(jìn)行分析,為下一步的治理工作提供依據(jù)。方法:(1)收集蘭州市主城區(qū)2013-2016年P(guān)M2.5監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)算主城區(qū)居民PM2.5人口加權(quán)暴露濃度,對(duì)“煤改氣”工程后,主城區(qū)居民PM2.5的暴露變化情況進(jìn)行描述性分析,根據(jù)《環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB 3095-2012)中PM2.5暴露濃度的二級(jí)限值對(duì)主城區(qū)居民的暴露水平進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),利用整合暴露-反應(yīng)(IER)模型評(píng)估主城區(qū)居民PM2.5暴露的健康效應(yīng),再采用意愿支付(WTP)法對(duì)降低主城區(qū)居民PM2.5暴露水平所帶來的健康經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)效益進(jìn)行分析。(2)采集蘭州市主城區(qū)居民PM2.5暴露樣本,用氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用儀(GC-MS)分析樣本中PAHs的含量,用秩和(Mann-Whitney U)檢驗(yàn)分析冬季采暖對(duì)空氣中PAHs含量的影響,采用累積毒性等效劑量(TEQ)法定量表征主城區(qū)居民PAHs呼吸暴露的健康危害,并對(duì)其所致的終身致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和期望壽命損失情況進(jìn)行評(píng)估。結(jié)果:(1)蘭州市主城區(qū)居民2013-2016年P(guān)M2.5人口加權(quán)暴露濃度為57.5μg/m~3,介于11~457μg/m~3之間。其中,日均暴露濃度合計(jì)達(dá)標(biāo)878天,達(dá)標(biāo)率為80.1%,且以夏季達(dá)標(biāo)天數(shù)最多,春、秋季次之,冬季達(dá)標(biāo)天數(shù)最少,冬季不達(dá)標(biāo)天數(shù)占總不達(dá)標(biāo)天數(shù)的比例高達(dá)77.9%。(2)“煤改氣”工程后,蘭州市主城區(qū)居民PM2.5暴露水平明顯降低,但與相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)仍有一定距離,以2016年的年均暴露濃度為例,其值仍然是國標(biāo)濃度的1.38倍,更是世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)暴露標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的4.83倍。(3)以2014年P(guān)M2.5人口加權(quán)年均暴露濃度63.2μg/m~3作為基線,估測(cè)其達(dá)到國標(biāo)濃度(35μg/m~3)、WHO目標(biāo)濃度(10μg/m~3)時(shí),分別可避免910例、2266例超額死亡,分別可因此產(chǎn)生0.82億元、2.03億元的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)效益,分別占2014年蘭州市國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)的0.04%和0.1%。(4)目前蘭州市主城區(qū)居民PM2.5相關(guān)PAHs暴露濃度為778.3μg/m~3,介于91.4~1910.9μg/m~3之間。其中,16種優(yōu)先控制的PAHs暴露濃度為772.4μg/m~3,介于91.2~1892.8μg/m~3之間;8種致癌PAHs暴露濃度為495.2μg/m~3,介于40.8~1156.6μg/m~3之間。各種PAHs采暖期的暴露濃度均顯著高于非采暖期。(5)蘭州市主城區(qū)居民PM2.5相關(guān)PAHs的暴露以低、中環(huán)為主,高環(huán)PAHs所占比例較小,在3.3%~10.4%之間。PAHs來源解析發(fā)現(xiàn),石油的揮發(fā)性輸入、煤炭、生物質(zhì)等有機(jī)物的燃燒、機(jī)動(dòng)車尾氣的排放是蘭州市主城區(qū)PM2.5中PAHs的主要來源。(6)蘭州市主城區(qū)居民PM2.5相關(guān)PAHs暴露的TEQ濃度為19.4μg/m~3,介于1.97~61.80μg/m~3之間,所致的終身致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(ILCR)值為1.68 10-3,介于1.7 10-4~5.4 10-3之間,均高于WHO的建議值(10-6),因此而造成的主城區(qū)居民期望壽命損失值為7.3天。結(jié)論:在蘭州市“煤改氣”工程后,主城區(qū)居民PM2.5暴露水平明顯下降,但當(dāng)前PM2.5年均暴露濃度及相應(yīng)PAHs暴露濃度仍然處于相對(duì)較高水平,對(duì)居民健康存在一定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此,探索適合新形勢(shì)下主城區(qū)大氣污染防治的措施,降低居民暴露風(fēng)險(xiǎn),仍然是當(dāng)前蘭州市面臨的一個(gè)重要公共衛(wèi)生問題!
[Abstract]:AIM: Air pollution control is a complex and systematic project. The project of "coal to gas" has been fully implemented in the main urban area of Lanzhou since the winter of 2012. The automatic monitoring system of air quality has been completed and put into use in the second half of 2013. The fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the atmosphere has been included in the monitoring scope. The changes of atmospheric PM2.5 concentration from 2013 to 2016 were analyzed to assess the exposure of PM2.5 to urban residents, and to analyze the health effects and health and economic benefits of population exposed to PM2.5. Meanwhile, the contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 from 2015 to 2016 were detected to assess the current exposure level of PAHs to urban residents. Methods: (1) The monitoring data of PM2.5 in Lanzhou urban area from 2013 to 2016 were collected, and the weighted exposure concentration of PM2.5 population was calculated. The exposure changes of PM2.5 in the urban area after the coal to gas project were described. According to the second-level limit of PM2.5 exposure concentration in Environmental Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-2012), the exposure level of urban residents was evaluated. The health effects of PM2.5 exposure in urban residents were assessed by integrated exposure-response (IER) model. The WTP method was used to reduce the exposure level of PM2.5 in urban residents. Health economic benefit analysis. (2) PM2.5 exposure samples were collected from Lanzhou urban residents. The content of PAHs in the samples was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the effect of winter heating on the content of PAHs in the air was analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test. The cumulative toxicity equivalent dose (TEQ) was used to characterize the main urban residents. Results: (1) The population weighted exposure concentration of PM2.5 from 2013 to 2016 was 57.5 ug/m~3, ranging from 11 to 457 ug/m~3. The daily average exposure concentration reached the standard 878 days, reaching 80.1% in summer. (2) The exposure level of PM2.5 in the main urban area of Lanzhou City decreased significantly after the "coal to gas" project, but there was still a certain distance from the relevant standards. Taking the average annual exposure concentration in 2016 as an example, its value was still the same. (3) Based on the population-weighted average annual exposure concentration of 63.2 ug/m 3 of PM2.5 in 2014, 910 cases and 2266 cases of excess deaths could be avoided when the concentration reached the national standard (35 ug/m 3) and the WHO target concentration (10 ug/m 3), respectively. The economic benefits of Yuan accounted for 0.04% and 0.1% of Lanzhou's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2014 respectively. (4) At present, the exposure concentrations of PM2.5-related PAHs in Lanzhou's main urban areas are 778.3 ug/m 3, ranging from 91.4 to 1910.9 ug/m 3. Among them, 16 priority control PAHs exposure concentrations are 772.4 ug/m 3, ranging from 91.2 to 1892.8 ug/m 3; and 8 carcinogenic PAHs exposure concentrations are between 91.2 and 1892.8 ug/m 3. The exposure concentration was 495.2 ug/m~3, ranging from 40.8 to 1156.6 ug/m~3. The exposure concentration of all kinds of PAHs in heating period was significantly higher than that in non-heating period. (5) The exposure of PM2.5-related PAHs in the main urban area of Lanzhou City was mainly low, middle, and high-ring PAHs accounted for a small proportion, ranging from 3.3% to 10.4%. (6) The TEQ concentration of PM2.5-related PAHs in Lanzhou urban residents was 19.4 ug/m~3, ranging from 1.97 to 61.80 ug/m~3, resulting in a lifetime risk of cancer (ILCR) of 1.68 10-3, ranging from 1.7 10-4 to 5.4 10-3, higher than that of WHO. The recommended value (10-6), thus resulting in a loss of life expectancy of 7.3 days. Conclusion: After the "coal to gas" project in Lanzhou City, the exposure level of PM2.5 in the main urban area decreased significantly, but the current average exposure concentration of PM2.5 years and the corresponding exposure concentration of PAHs are still at a relatively high level, which poses a certain risk to the health of residents. Therefore, it is still an important public health problem for Lanzhou to explore measures suitable for the prevention and control of air pollution in the main urban area under the new situation and reduce the exposure risk of residents.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X513;X823;R12
本文編號(hào)：2240149
[Abstract]:AIM: Air pollution control is a complex and systematic project. The project of "coal to gas" has been fully implemented in the main urban area of Lanzhou since the winter of 2012. The automatic monitoring system of air quality has been completed and put into use in the second half of 2013. The fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the atmosphere has been included in the monitoring scope. The changes of atmospheric PM2.5 concentration from 2013 to 2016 were analyzed to assess the exposure of PM2.5 to urban residents, and to analyze the health effects and health and economic benefits of population exposed to PM2.5. Meanwhile, the contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 from 2015 to 2016 were detected to assess the current exposure level of PAHs to urban residents. Methods: (1) The monitoring data of PM2.5 in Lanzhou urban area from 2013 to 2016 were collected, and the weighted exposure concentration of PM2.5 population was calculated. The exposure changes of PM2.5 in the urban area after the coal to gas project were described. According to the second-level limit of PM2.5 exposure concentration in Environmental Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-2012), the exposure level of urban residents was evaluated. The health effects of PM2.5 exposure in urban residents were assessed by integrated exposure-response (IER) model. The WTP method was used to reduce the exposure level of PM2.5 in urban residents. Health economic benefit analysis. (2) PM2.5 exposure samples were collected from Lanzhou urban residents. The content of PAHs in the samples was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the effect of winter heating on the content of PAHs in the air was analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test. The cumulative toxicity equivalent dose (TEQ) was used to characterize the main urban residents. Results: (1) The population weighted exposure concentration of PM2.5 from 2013 to 2016 was 57.5 ug/m~3, ranging from 11 to 457 ug/m~3. The daily average exposure concentration reached the standard 878 days, reaching 80.1% in summer. (2) The exposure level of PM2.5 in the main urban area of Lanzhou City decreased significantly after the "coal to gas" project, but there was still a certain distance from the relevant standards. Taking the average annual exposure concentration in 2016 as an example, its value was still the same. (3) Based on the population-weighted average annual exposure concentration of 63.2 ug/m 3 of PM2.5 in 2014, 910 cases and 2266 cases of excess deaths could be avoided when the concentration reached the national standard (35 ug/m 3) and the WHO target concentration (10 ug/m 3), respectively. The economic benefits of Yuan accounted for 0.04% and 0.1% of Lanzhou's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2014 respectively. (4) At present, the exposure concentrations of PM2.5-related PAHs in Lanzhou's main urban areas are 778.3 ug/m 3, ranging from 91.4 to 1910.9 ug/m 3. Among them, 16 priority control PAHs exposure concentrations are 772.4 ug/m 3, ranging from 91.2 to 1892.8 ug/m 3; and 8 carcinogenic PAHs exposure concentrations are between 91.2 and 1892.8 ug/m 3. The exposure concentration was 495.2 ug/m~3, ranging from 40.8 to 1156.6 ug/m~3. The exposure concentration of all kinds of PAHs in heating period was significantly higher than that in non-heating period. (5) The exposure of PM2.5-related PAHs in the main urban area of Lanzhou City was mainly low, middle, and high-ring PAHs accounted for a small proportion, ranging from 3.3% to 10.4%. (6) The TEQ concentration of PM2.5-related PAHs in Lanzhou urban residents was 19.4 ug/m~3, ranging from 1.97 to 61.80 ug/m~3, resulting in a lifetime risk of cancer (ILCR) of 1.68 10-3, ranging from 1.7 10-4 to 5.4 10-3, higher than that of WHO. The recommended value (10-6), thus resulting in a loss of life expectancy of 7.3 days. Conclusion: After the "coal to gas" project in Lanzhou City, the exposure level of PM2.5 in the main urban area decreased significantly, but the current average exposure concentration of PM2.5 years and the corresponding exposure concentration of PAHs are still at a relatively high level, which poses a certain risk to the health of residents. Therefore, it is still an important public health problem for Lanzhou to explore measures suitable for the prevention and control of air pollution in the main urban area under the new situation and reduce the exposure risk of residents.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X513;X823;R12
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 王旭豪;郭欣格;郎建壘;;基于人口加權(quán)的中國省級(jí)PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)濃度分布[J];生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì);2016年09期
2 李英紅;饒志國;譚吉華;段菁春;馬永亮;賀克斌;;蘭州大氣細(xì)顆粒物中多環(huán)芳烴污染特征及來源分析[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2016年07期
3 王新;聶燕;陳紅;王博;黃韜;夏敦勝;;蘭州城區(qū)大氣PM_(2.5)污染特征及來源解析[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2016年05期
4 孟倩倩;李煒賓;周小林;路文芳;安全;薛振偉;楊甲橋;;非污染區(qū)普通人群尿中多環(huán)芳烴羥基代謝產(chǎn)物初步調(diào)查[J];環(huán)境與健康雜志;2016年04期
5 張旭;盧雙;裴晉;姚宏;于曉華;;長江湖北段表層土中多環(huán)芳烴分布、來源及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2016年12期
6 王成祥;劉加珍;;聊城市空氣質(zhì)量現(xiàn)狀及污染原因分析[J];氣象與環(huán)境學(xué)報(bào);2016年01期
7 王振波;方創(chuàng)琳;許光;潘月鵬;;2014年中國城市PM_(2.5)濃度的時(shí)空變化規(guī)律[J];地理學(xué)報(bào);2015年11期
8 劉炎坤;汪青;劉敏;陸敏;劉賽;楊博;武子瀾;秦玉坤;;上海市大氣沉降物中多環(huán)芳烴賦存特征及其來源[J];中國環(huán)境科學(xué);2015年09期
9 高婷;李國星;胥美美;王旭英;梁鳳超;曾強(qiáng);潘小川;;基于支付意愿的大氣PM2.5健康經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)損失評(píng)價(jià)[J];環(huán)境與健康雜志;2015年08期
10 李英紅;譚吉華;段菁春;馬永亮;賀克斌;饒志國;;中國主要排放源顆粒相多環(huán)芳烴的成分譜特征[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù);2015年06期
相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前1條
1 馬愛平;陳弘毅;;你知道嗎 東部霾竟然和厄爾尼諾有關(guān)[N];科技日?qǐng)?bào);2017年
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 程慧波;蘭州市主城區(qū)大氣顆粒物污染特征和健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)研究[D];蘭州大學(xué);2016年
，本文編號(hào)：2240149
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shengtaihuanjingbaohulunwen/2240149.html
最近更新
教材專著
