廣東省飲用水源地水體中放射性水平
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-11 21:06
【摘要】：通過對(duì)廣東省各個(gè)地級(jí)市重點(diǎn)集中式飲用水源地水體開展放射性水平監(jiān)測(cè)與評(píng)價(jià),掌握集中式飲用水源地水中總α、總β放射性水平及動(dòng)態(tài)變化。為建立完善的飲用水放射性安全保障應(yīng)急體系和工作機(jī)制提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)廣東省目前實(shí)施的集中式生活飲用水水源地水質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)實(shí)施方案,充分考慮飲用水源地周圍自然環(huán)境狀況,影響飲用水源放射性核素變化等因素選擇水庫(kù)水、江河水和地下水作為研究的水體類型,經(jīng)過優(yōu)化選擇廣東省22個(gè)地級(jí)市的50個(gè)飲用水源地為采樣點(diǎn),分豐水期(5月)和枯水期(11月)進(jìn)行兩次采樣。利用BH1227型四路低本底α、β測(cè)量?jī)x,用241Am和優(yōu)級(jí)純KCl分別作為總α和總β放射性測(cè)量的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)源,采用中等厚度相對(duì)測(cè)量法測(cè)定樣品中的總α和總β放射性活度濃度。鈾(U)用WGJ-III型微量鈾分析儀測(cè)量,釷(Th)用分光光度法測(cè)量。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)所有100個(gè)水樣的總α和總β放射性活度濃度平均值分別為0.055±0.072Bq·L~(-1)(0.007~0.411 Bq·L~(-1))和0.117±0.083 Bq·L~(-1)(0.020~0.397 Bq·L~(-1)),β/α比值的平均值為2.13;U和Th質(zhì)量濃度平均值分別為0.28±0.33μg·L~(-1)(0.02~1.34μg·L~(-1))和0.16±0.39μg·L~(-1)(0.04~2.90μg·L~(-1))。(2)所有水樣按豐水期和枯水期平均值來比較,總α放射性水平分別為0.054±0.072 Bq·L~(-1)和0.056±0.072 Bq·L~(-1),總β放射性水平分別為0.118±0.086Bq·L~(-1)和0.116±0.082 Bq·L~(-1),U質(zhì)量濃度分別為0.28±0.33μg·L~(-1)和0.29±0.32μg·L~(-1),Th質(zhì)量濃度分別為0.16±0.39μg·L~(-1)和0.17±0.40μg·L~(-1)。(3)按不同水樣類型來比較,地下水的總α和總β放射性活度濃度平均值最高,分別為0.214±0.051 Bq·L~(-1)和0.333±0.057 Bq·L~(-1);其次是水庫(kù)水,分別為0.064±0.101 Bq·L~(-1)和0.109±0.072 Bq·L~(-1);河流水的最低,分別為0.036±0.020Bq·L~(-1)和0.101±0.059 Bq·L~(-1)。但是三種類型水樣的U和Th質(zhì)量濃度高低順序和總α、總β放射性活度濃度的順序并不一致,U含量高低順序是河流水水庫(kù)水地下水,Th含量高低順序是水庫(kù)水河流水地下水。(4)根據(jù)《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB 5749-2006)中放射性總α≤0.5 Bq·L~(-1)和總β≤1 Bq·L~(-1)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),所有水樣的總α和總β放射性活度濃度都沒有超標(biāo)。其中揭陽(yáng)市新西河水庫(kù)、湛江市地下水和珠海市水庫(kù)水的總α、總β放射性活度濃度相對(duì)較高。揭陽(yáng)市新西河水庫(kù)的水樣中U和Th質(zhì)量濃度也是最高的。主要結(jié)論:(1)不管是哪種水樣類型,豐水期和枯水期其總α、總β放射性水平并無明顯差異;(2)三種類型的水樣中總α、總β放射性高低順序是地下水水庫(kù)水河流水,U含量高低順序是河流水水庫(kù)水地下水,Th含量高低順序是水庫(kù)水河流水地下水;(3)所有水體中地下水的總放射性水平最高,為減少居民每年由于飲水而接受的年有效劑量,應(yīng)改善農(nóng)村的飲水條件;(4)由于水體的總α、總β放射性活度濃度與U和Th質(zhì)量濃度變化規(guī)律不一致,建議增加226Ra和40K等放射性核素測(cè)量,確保飲用水中核素含量盡可能低的水平;(5)廣東省飲用水源地水體沒有受到放射性核素的污染,處于正常的天然放射性本底水平。
[Abstract]:By monitoring and evaluating the radioactivity level of the water bodies of the key drinking water sources in various prefectures and cities of Guangdong Province, the level and dynamic changes of total alpha and total beta radioactivity in the water bodies of the central drinking water sources were mastered. The basic data were provided for establishing a perfect emergency system and working mechanism for radioactivity safety guarantee of drinking water. The implementation scheme of centralized water quality monitoring for drinking water sources is to select reservoir water, river water and groundwater as the research water types, and 50 drinking water sources in 22 prefecture-level cities of Guangdong Province are selected after optimization, taking full account of the natural environment around drinking water sources and the changes of radionuclides in drinking water sources. Total alpha and total beta radioactivity concentrations in the samples were measured by a four-channel low background alpha and beta meter of type BH1227, using 241Am and high-grade pure KCl as standard sources for total alpha and total beta radioactivity measurements, respectively. Total alpha and total beta radioactivity concentrations in the samples were determined by a medium-thickness relative measurement method. The results are as follows: (1) The average values of total alpha and total beta radioactivity concentrations in all 100 water samples were 0.055 (+ 0.072Bq ~ (- 1) (0.007 ~0.411 Bq ~ (- 1)) and 0.117 (+ 0.083 Bq ~ (- 1) (0.020 ~ 0.397 Bq ~ (- 1)) respectively, and the average ratios of beta to alpha were 2.13; and the average ratios of U to Th ~ (- 1)) were 0.007 to 0.411 Bq (- 1). (2) The total alpha-radioactivity levels of all water samples were 0.054 (+ 0.072Bq (- 1) and 0.056 (+ 0.072 Bq (- 1) and 0.056 (+ 0.072 Bq (- 1) Bq (- 1) and 0.056 (+ 0.0.072 Bq (- 1) Bq (- 1) and 0.118 (- 118 (- 118 (- 118 (- 118 (- 118) Bq (- 0.118 (- 118) Bq (- 0.118 (- 0.118) Bq (- 0.118 (- 0.118) Bq (- 0.086) Bq (- 0.086) Bq (- 1) and 0.116 0.082 Bq.L~(-1), U mass concentrations were 0.28+0.33 ug.L~(-1) and 0.29+0.32 ug.L~(-1), and Th mass concentrations were 0.16+0.39 ug.L~(-1) and 0.17+0.40 ug.L~(-1), respectively. (3) According to different types of water samples, groundwater total alpha and total beta radioactivity concentrations averaged the highest, respectively, 0.214+0.051 Bq.L~(-1) and 0.337+0.057 Bq. Bq.L~(-1), followed by reservoir water, 0.064.101 Bq.L~(-1) and 0.109.072 Bq.L~(-1), respectively. The lowest values of river water were 0.036.020 Bq.L~(-1) and 0.101.059 Bq.L~(-1), respectively. However, the order of U and Th mass concentrations and total alpha, total beta radioactivity concentrations were not the same, and the order of U content was in the same order. (4) According to the standards of < Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water > (GB 5749-2006), the total radioactivity of a < 0.5 Bq (-1) and total beta < 1 Bq (-1), the concentrations of total alpha and total beta in all water samples did not exceed the standard. The concentration of total alpha and total beta radioactivity in the groundwater of Zhanjiang and the reservoir water of Zhuhai is relatively high. The concentration of U and Th in the water samples of Xinxihe Reservoir in Jieyang City is also the highest. The order of total alpha and total beta radioactivity is groundwater reservoir water and river water, the order of U content is river water reservoir water and groundwater, and the order of Th content is reservoir water and river water and groundwater. (3) The groundwater in all water bodies has the highest total radioactivity level, so in order to reduce the annual effective dose accepted by residents for drinking water every year, rural areas should be improved. Drinking water conditions; (4) As the total alpha, total beta radioactivity concentration of water body and U and Th mass concentration change law is not consistent, it is proposed to increase 226Ra and 40K radionuclides measurement to ensure that the content of radionuclides in drinking water as low as possible; (5) Guangdong drinking water source is not polluted by radionuclides, in a normal natural state. Radioactive background level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X837;X824
[Abstract]:By monitoring and evaluating the radioactivity level of the water bodies of the key drinking water sources in various prefectures and cities of Guangdong Province, the level and dynamic changes of total alpha and total beta radioactivity in the water bodies of the central drinking water sources were mastered. The basic data were provided for establishing a perfect emergency system and working mechanism for radioactivity safety guarantee of drinking water. The implementation scheme of centralized water quality monitoring for drinking water sources is to select reservoir water, river water and groundwater as the research water types, and 50 drinking water sources in 22 prefecture-level cities of Guangdong Province are selected after optimization, taking full account of the natural environment around drinking water sources and the changes of radionuclides in drinking water sources. Total alpha and total beta radioactivity concentrations in the samples were measured by a four-channel low background alpha and beta meter of type BH1227, using 241Am and high-grade pure KCl as standard sources for total alpha and total beta radioactivity measurements, respectively. Total alpha and total beta radioactivity concentrations in the samples were determined by a medium-thickness relative measurement method. The results are as follows: (1) The average values of total alpha and total beta radioactivity concentrations in all 100 water samples were 0.055 (+ 0.072Bq ~ (- 1) (0.007 ~0.411 Bq ~ (- 1)) and 0.117 (+ 0.083 Bq ~ (- 1) (0.020 ~ 0.397 Bq ~ (- 1)) respectively, and the average ratios of beta to alpha were 2.13; and the average ratios of U to Th ~ (- 1)) were 0.007 to 0.411 Bq (- 1). (2) The total alpha-radioactivity levels of all water samples were 0.054 (+ 0.072Bq (- 1) and 0.056 (+ 0.072 Bq (- 1) and 0.056 (+ 0.072 Bq (- 1) Bq (- 1) and 0.056 (+ 0.0.072 Bq (- 1) Bq (- 1) and 0.118 (- 118 (- 118 (- 118 (- 118 (- 118) Bq (- 0.118 (- 118) Bq (- 0.118 (- 0.118) Bq (- 0.118 (- 0.118) Bq (- 0.086) Bq (- 0.086) Bq (- 1) and 0.116 0.082 Bq.L~(-1), U mass concentrations were 0.28+0.33 ug.L~(-1) and 0.29+0.32 ug.L~(-1), and Th mass concentrations were 0.16+0.39 ug.L~(-1) and 0.17+0.40 ug.L~(-1), respectively. (3) According to different types of water samples, groundwater total alpha and total beta radioactivity concentrations averaged the highest, respectively, 0.214+0.051 Bq.L~(-1) and 0.337+0.057 Bq. Bq.L~(-1), followed by reservoir water, 0.064.101 Bq.L~(-1) and 0.109.072 Bq.L~(-1), respectively. The lowest values of river water were 0.036.020 Bq.L~(-1) and 0.101.059 Bq.L~(-1), respectively. However, the order of U and Th mass concentrations and total alpha, total beta radioactivity concentrations were not the same, and the order of U content was in the same order. (4) According to the standards of < Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water > (GB 5749-2006), the total radioactivity of a < 0.5 Bq (-1) and total beta < 1 Bq (-1), the concentrations of total alpha and total beta in all water samples did not exceed the standard. The concentration of total alpha and total beta radioactivity in the groundwater of Zhanjiang and the reservoir water of Zhuhai is relatively high. The concentration of U and Th in the water samples of Xinxihe Reservoir in Jieyang City is also the highest. The order of total alpha and total beta radioactivity is groundwater reservoir water and river water, the order of U content is river water reservoir water and groundwater, and the order of Th content is reservoir water and river water and groundwater. (3) The groundwater in all water bodies has the highest total radioactivity level, so in order to reduce the annual effective dose accepted by residents for drinking water every year, rural areas should be improved. Drinking water conditions; (4) As the total alpha, total beta radioactivity concentration of water body and U and Th mass concentration change law is not consistent, it is proposed to increase 226Ra and 40K radionuclides measurement to ensure that the content of radionuclides in drinking water as low as possible; (5) Guangdong drinking water source is not polluted by radionuclides, in a normal natural state. Radioactive background level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X837;X824
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 王瑞俊;段媛媛;高澤全;李園;宋沁楠;;放射性平行樣品結(jié)果處理的探討[J];環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)管理與技術(shù);2016年05期
2 毛萬沖;龐榮華;杜W歐，
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