鐵基材料對厭氧氨氧化啟動過程及微生物群落影響研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-04 11:14
【摘要】：厭氧氨氧化工藝作為一種新型脫氮工藝,該工藝以氨氮為電子受體,亞硝態(tài)氮為電子供體,在厭氧氨氧化菌的作用下直接生成N2,同時也因該工藝無需外加碳源、無需曝氣、工藝流程短、無N2O產(chǎn)生等優(yōu)點受到了廣泛的關(guān)注。但該工藝同時也有如下的缺點:(1)厭氧氨氧化菌增長速度緩慢,其世代周期通常為11天以上,導(dǎo)致該工藝在實際應(yīng)用中啟動時間較為漫長;(2)厭氧氨氧化菌對外界環(huán)境較為敏感,pH、DO、溫度、游離亞硝酸濃度等都會影響微生物的活性和脫氮效果;(3)總氮去除效果有待提高。從厭氧氨氧化工藝發(fā)現(xiàn)到現(xiàn)在共有20多年的時間,研究人員們都致力于縮短該工藝的啟動時間和在極端條件下啟動該工藝,他們從反應(yīng)器類型的選擇、接種污泥種類的選擇、載體的選擇、及控制操作條件上入手,試圖得到快速啟動厭氧氨氧化工藝啟動的最佳條件。有研究表明,加入零價鐵可以通過還原掉反應(yīng)器中的DO來為微生物的生存提供一個良好的環(huán)境,從而在促進微生物富集的同時,也可以還原厭氧氨氧化反應(yīng)生成的硝態(tài)氮,來達到更好的脫氮效果快速啟動厭氧氨氧化過程。磁鐵礦通過為微生物提供弱磁場和鐵離子,來提高微生物的活性,并且還可以作為載體使微生物附著在其上生長,形成顆粒污泥。本論文將從投加載體的角度入手,探究不同濃度的零價鐵和磁鐵礦在厭氧氨氧化工藝快速啟動過程中對脫氮效果和微生物群落分布的影響。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)50 mg/L和1000 mg/L的零價鐵可以分別將厭氧氨氧化工藝的啟動時間從102天縮短至84天和90天。并且水質(zhì)結(jié)果和qPCR結(jié)果顯示,在反應(yīng)器運行初期階段,1000 mg/L的零價鐵對微生物有抑制作用,過了 50天后,微生物開始適應(yīng)高濃度零價鐵的環(huán)境,同時零價鐵也開始促進微生物的活性和富集。在反應(yīng)器中投加零價鐵可以促進厭氧氨氧化菌的富集,第120天的qPCR結(jié)果顯示,空白對照組的厭氧氨氧化菌的拷貝數(shù)為8.73×107copies/ng,而投加有50m/L和1000 mg/L零價鐵的反應(yīng)器中的拷貝數(shù)分別為1.26×108 copies/ng和1.34×108 copies/ng。(2)與空白對照組(4.87μmol/L)相比較,加有零價鐵的反應(yīng)器中的N20生成量較低(加有50 mg/L零價鐵反應(yīng)器中為3.76 μmol/L,1000 mg/L零價鐵中為3.24 μmol/L),同時與N2O生成相關(guān)的nosZ基因的拷貝數(shù)分別為1.48×106 copies/ng(空白對照組)、6.33×105 copies/ng(50mg/L零價鐵反應(yīng)器)、1.09×106 copies/ng(1000 mg/L零價鐵反應(yīng)器),因此零價鐵可以抑制N20的生成。(3)高通量測序結(jié)果顯示,零價鐵既可以影響微生物群落的多樣性,也可以影響浮霉菌門和變形菌門下的微生物下數(shù)量與分布,并且根據(jù)在屬的范圍上分類結(jié)果,厭氧氨氧化菌中CandidatusBrocadia屬的適應(yīng)性更強,更容易富集。(4)磁鐵礦可以縮短厭氧氨氧化啟動初期內(nèi)源反硝化階段所用的時間,而且可以將總氮去除率從59.3%提高到65.8%,同時在增加氮負荷的過程中,反應(yīng)器也體現(xiàn)出一定的抗沖擊負荷能力。第150天時,磁鐵礦反應(yīng)器中的厭氧氨氧化菌的拷貝數(shù)為2.59± 0.009×108 copies/ng,占全菌比例為58.88%,而對照組中為2.44±0.004×108 copies/ng,占全菌比例為57.35%,說明磁鐵礦更有利于厭氧氨氧化菌的富集。(5)同時磁鐵礦反應(yīng)器中的N2O釋放量(25.06±15.27μmol/L)與nosZ拷貝數(shù)(2.26×106±2.93×104 copies/ng)顯示磁鐵礦可以通過抑制nosZ的數(shù)量來減少N2O的產(chǎn)生。(6)高通量測序結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)過一段時間的培養(yǎng),反應(yīng)器中微生物多樣性降低,同時加有磁鐵礦的反應(yīng)器可以富集豐度較高的為CandidatusJettenia,而空白對照組則能富集豐度較高的Gandidatus Brocadia,這表明微生物受環(huán)境影響比較大,特定的生存環(huán)境能夠富集和選擇特定微生物。
[Abstract]:Anaerobic ammonia oxidation process is a new type of denitrification process. It uses ammonia nitrogen as electron acceptor and nitrite nitrogen as electron donor to produce N2 directly under the action of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria. At the same time, this process has attracted wide attention because of its advantages such as no additional carbon source, no aeration, short process flow and no N2O production. There are the following shortcomings: (1) anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria grow slowly, its generation cycle is usually more than 11 days, resulting in a longer start-up time in practical application; (2) anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria are more sensitive to the external environment, pH, DO, temperature, free nitrite concentration, etc. will affect the microbial activity and denitrification effect; (3) total nitrogen removal Since the discovery of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process, researchers have been working to shorten the start-up time and start the process under extreme conditions. Studies have shown that adding zero-valent iron can provide a good environment for microorganisms to survive by reducing the DO in the reactor, thus promoting microbial enrichment and reducing nitrate nitrogen produced by anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction to achieve better denitrification. Magnetite improves the activity of microorganisms by providing weak magnetic field and iron ions for microorganisms. Magnetite can also be used as a carrier to attach microorganisms to grow on it and form granular sludge. This paper will explore the anaerobic effect of different concentrations of zero-valent iron and magnetite from the point of view of loading body. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) 50 mg/L and 1000 mg/L zero-valent iron can shorten the start-up time of anaerobic ammonia oxidation process from 102 days to 84 days and 90 days respectively. After 50 days, the microorganisms began to adapt to the environment of high concentration of zero-valent iron, and zero-valent iron also began to promote the activity and enrichment of microorganisms. The number of copies in the reactor with 50 m/L and 1000 mg/L zero valent iron was 1.26 x 108 copies/ng and 1.34 x 108 copies/ng, respectively. (2) Compared with the blank control group (4.87 micromol/L), the production of N20 in the reactor with zero valent iron was lower (3.76 micromol/L, 100 micromol/L in the reactor with 50 mg/L zero valent iron). The copies of nosZ genes related to N2O production were 1.48 *106 copies/ng (blank control group), 6.33 *105 copies/ng (50mg/L zero-valent iron reactor) and 1.09 *106 copies/ng (1000 mg/L zero-valent iron reactor), respectively. Therefore, zero-valent iron could inhibit the formation of N20. Valence of iron can affect not only the diversity of microbial communities, but also the number and distribution of flounder and deformed bacteria. According to the classification results in the genus range, the Candidatus Brocadia is more adaptable and easier to enrich. (4) Magnetite can shorten the start-up period of anaerobic ammonia oxidation. The total nitrogen removal rate was increased from 59.3% to 65.8% during the denitrification stage, and the reactor also showed a certain impact resistance during the process of increasing nitrogen load. In the control group, the ratio of 2.44 0.004 65 (6) The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the microbial diversity in the reactor decreased after a period of cultivation, and the reactor with magnetite could enrich Candidatus Jettenia with higher abundance, while the blank control group could enrich Gandidatus Brocadia with higher abundance, which indicated that the microorganisms were affected by environmental factors. The established living environment can enrich and select specific microorganisms.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703
[Abstract]:Anaerobic ammonia oxidation process is a new type of denitrification process. It uses ammonia nitrogen as electron acceptor and nitrite nitrogen as electron donor to produce N2 directly under the action of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria. At the same time, this process has attracted wide attention because of its advantages such as no additional carbon source, no aeration, short process flow and no N2O production. There are the following shortcomings: (1) anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria grow slowly, its generation cycle is usually more than 11 days, resulting in a longer start-up time in practical application; (2) anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria are more sensitive to the external environment, pH, DO, temperature, free nitrite concentration, etc. will affect the microbial activity and denitrification effect; (3) total nitrogen removal Since the discovery of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process, researchers have been working to shorten the start-up time and start the process under extreme conditions. Studies have shown that adding zero-valent iron can provide a good environment for microorganisms to survive by reducing the DO in the reactor, thus promoting microbial enrichment and reducing nitrate nitrogen produced by anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction to achieve better denitrification. Magnetite improves the activity of microorganisms by providing weak magnetic field and iron ions for microorganisms. Magnetite can also be used as a carrier to attach microorganisms to grow on it and form granular sludge. This paper will explore the anaerobic effect of different concentrations of zero-valent iron and magnetite from the point of view of loading body. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) 50 mg/L and 1000 mg/L zero-valent iron can shorten the start-up time of anaerobic ammonia oxidation process from 102 days to 84 days and 90 days respectively. After 50 days, the microorganisms began to adapt to the environment of high concentration of zero-valent iron, and zero-valent iron also began to promote the activity and enrichment of microorganisms. The number of copies in the reactor with 50 m/L and 1000 mg/L zero valent iron was 1.26 x 108 copies/ng and 1.34 x 108 copies/ng, respectively. (2) Compared with the blank control group (4.87 micromol/L), the production of N20 in the reactor with zero valent iron was lower (3.76 micromol/L, 100 micromol/L in the reactor with 50 mg/L zero valent iron). The copies of nosZ genes related to N2O production were 1.48 *106 copies/ng (blank control group), 6.33 *105 copies/ng (50mg/L zero-valent iron reactor) and 1.09 *106 copies/ng (1000 mg/L zero-valent iron reactor), respectively. Therefore, zero-valent iron could inhibit the formation of N20. Valence of iron can affect not only the diversity of microbial communities, but also the number and distribution of flounder and deformed bacteria. According to the classification results in the genus range, the Candidatus Brocadia is more adaptable and easier to enrich. (4) Magnetite can shorten the start-up period of anaerobic ammonia oxidation. The total nitrogen removal rate was increased from 59.3% to 65.8% during the denitrification stage, and the reactor also showed a certain impact resistance during the process of increasing nitrogen load. In the control group, the ratio of 2.44 0.004 65 (6) The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the microbial diversity in the reactor decreased after a period of cultivation, and the reactor with magnetite could enrich Candidatus Jettenia with higher abundance, while the blank control group could enrich Gandidatus Brocadia with higher abundance, which indicated that the microorganisms were affected by environmental factors. The established living environment can enrich and select specific microorganisms.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703
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