永康市城區(qū)重金屬空間分布與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-04 07:42
【摘要】：城市土壤是人類賴以生存的重要基礎(chǔ)資源之一,也是構(gòu)成生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要環(huán)節(jié)。由于城市區(qū)域社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,城市化進(jìn)程不斷加快,人類活動(dòng)使得多種重金屬元素在城市土壤及河流表層沉積物中積累,對(duì)城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、人類健康構(gòu)成威脅。本研究以浙江省五金工業(yè)之都——永康市主城區(qū)為研究區(qū)域,系統(tǒng)采集181個(gè)表層土壤樣品、37個(gè)河流表層沉積物樣品,測(cè)定樣品中Ti、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As和Pb共9種重金屬元素的含量,計(jì)算了單因子污染指數(shù)、內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)、富集系數(shù)及潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù),評(píng)價(jià)永康市重金屬的污染狀況和潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí),并利用多元統(tǒng)計(jì)和地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法分析各重金屬元素的空間分布特征。通過(guò)主成分分析法、相關(guān)性分析法并結(jié)合土地利用與景觀格局指數(shù)對(duì)重金屬的來(lái)源進(jìn)行解析,結(jié)果表明:1)永康市城區(qū)表層土壤中9種重金屬平均含量依次為:Ti(5677)Mn(513)Cr(121)Zn(95)Pb(40)Ni(23)Cu(21)Co(10)As(6)mg·kg-1,各樣點(diǎn)含量差異較大,除Ti和Ni元素屬于中等變異外其余各元素均屬于高度變異。河流表層沉積物中9種重金屬的平均含量依次為:Ti(4040)Mn(755)Zn(414)Cr(201)Cu(95)Pb(35)Ni(47)As(8)Co(7)mg·kg-1。富集系數(shù)顯示各元素在不同河段存在不同程度的富集現(xiàn)象,其中Ni、Cu、Zn元素富集系數(shù)較高,可能受到較強(qiáng)的人為干擾。2)單因子污染指數(shù)顯示,永康市表層土壤重金屬污染總體程度較輕。多數(shù)元素處于潛在污染,僅Cr元素屬于輕度污染。平均單因子污染指數(shù)分別為:Cr(2.58)Ni(1.82)Co(1.42)Ti(1.39)Mn(1.36)Cu(1.36)Zn(1.31)Pb(1.14)As(1.02)。河流表層沉積物污染情況相對(duì)嚴(yán)重,Ti、Mn、Co、As元素的污染情況較輕,其中Ti元素為未污染,Mn、Co、As元素為潛在污染,Pb元素為輕度污染,Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn為重度污染。平均單因子污染指數(shù)的排列順序?yàn)閆n(5.74)Cu(5.28)Cr(4.43)Ni(3.80)Pb(2.14)Mn(2.00)As(1.27)Co(1.01)Ti(0.99)。3)內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)顯示,永康市表層土壤總體處于中度污染,在8種土地利用類型中,工業(yè)用地處于重度污染等級(jí),公園綠地、住宅用地、其他用地、林地、耕地均處于中度污染等級(jí),其他2種土地利用類型均處于輕度污染等級(jí)。各土地利用類型平均內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)由高到低排序?yàn)?工業(yè)用地(3.47)公園綠地(2.81)住宅用地(2.81)其他用地(2.33)林地(2.19)耕地(2.09)市政文教(1.93)園地(1.93)。4)從潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)來(lái)看,永康市河流表層沉積物的平均綜合潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)為91.50,高于表層土壤的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)(48.05),總體處于低生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),局部存在中度生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。各土地利用類型表層土壤重金屬綜合潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)依次為:工業(yè)用地(65.12)公園綠地(56.39)住宅用地(55.31)其他用地(47.88)市政文教(47.87)耕地(41.37)林地(40.43)園地(38.20)。各河段表層沉積物中重金屬的RI值大小順序?yàn)?上支流(108.70)干流中游(104.14)干流下游(99.31)中支流(86.82)干流上游(71.14)下支流(51.32)。5)從重金屬污染情況空間分布來(lái)看,Ti、Cr、Ni、Cu、Co、As元素的高值區(qū)主要集中在城區(qū)主要工業(yè)園區(qū)附近,表層土壤中Zn、Pb元素與市區(qū)道路分布存在一致性。河流表層沉積物空分布分析顯示,Ti、Mn、Co、Cu、As、Pb元素的污染指數(shù)均是支流低于干流,Cr、Ni和Zn的污染指數(shù)均是支流高于干流。6)從景觀格局與土壤重金屬生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相關(guān)性分析來(lái)看,隨著人類活動(dòng)干擾強(qiáng)度的增加,Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn元素的潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)系數(shù)以及地區(qū)綜合潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)將會(huì)有所提高。7)永康市表層土壤及河流表層沉積物中重金屬來(lái)源主要分為三類:Cr、Ni、Cu、Co、As元素的積累主要受到工業(yè)生產(chǎn)影響,Zn和Pb元素的積累主要受到交通運(yùn)輸活動(dòng)的影響,Ti、Mn部分來(lái)源于工業(yè)冶金及制造活動(dòng),同時(shí)也在一定程度上來(lái)源于成土母質(zhì)的影響。研究永康市城區(qū)土壤及河流表層沉積物重金屬污染情況與分布特征,探究重金屬污染與土地利用類型組成、分布之間的關(guān)系,能夠直觀地反映污染物含量變化的原因,對(duì)重金屬污染防治、土地資源合理開發(fā)具有指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:Urban soil is one of the most important basic resources for human survival and also an important link of ecosystem. With the rapid development of social economy and urbanization in urban areas, human activities have led to the accumulation of heavy metals in urban soil and surface sediments of rivers, which is beneficial to urban ecosystem and human health. In this study, 181 surface soil samples and 37 river surface sediment samples were collected systematically in the main urban area of Yongkang City, the capital of hardware industry in Zhejiang Province. The contents of Ti, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As and Pb in the samples were determined. The single factor pollution index, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index were calculated. The pollution status and potential ecological risk grade of heavy metals in Yongkang city were evaluated by set coefficient and potential ecological risk index, and the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals were analyzed by multivariate statistics and geostatistics. The results showed that: 1) The average contents of 9 heavy metals in surface soil of Yongkang City were Ti (5677) Mn (513) Cr (121) Zn (95) Pb (40) Ni (23) Cu (21) Co (10) As (6) mg 6550 The average contents of Ti(4040)Mn(755)Zn(414)Cr(201)Cu(95)Pb(35)Ni(47)As(8)Co(7)mg The average single factor pollution index is Cr (2.58) Ni (1.82) Co (1.42) Ti (1.39) Mn (1.36) Cu (1.36) Zn (1.31) Pb (1.14) As (1.02). The pollution of river surface sediments is relatively serious, and that of Ti, Mn, Co and As is relatively light. The average single factor pollution index was Zn (5.74) Cu (5.28) Cr (4.43) Ni (3.80) Pb (2.14) Mn (2.00) As (1.27) Co (1.01) Ti (0.99). The comprehensive pollution index showed that the surface soil of Yongkang city was in moderate pollution, and the average single factor pollution index was in the order of Zn (5.74) Cu (5.28) Cr (4.43) Ni (3.80) Pb (2.14) Mn (2.00) As (1.27) Co (1.01) Ti (0.99). Among the land use types, the industrial land is in the serious pollution level, the park green land, residential land, other land, woodland and cultivated land are in the moderate pollution level, and the other two land use types are in the light pollution level. Green land (2.81) residential land (2.81) other land (2.33) woodland (2.19) cultivated land (2.09) Municipal Culture and education (1.93) garden (1.93). 4) According to the potential ecological risk index, the average comprehensive potential ecological risk index of river surface sediments in Yongkang City is 91.50, higher than the risk index of surface soil (48.05), which is generally in low ecological risk and exists locally. The comprehensive potential ecological risks of heavy metals in surface soil of each land use type were as follows: industrial land (65.12), park green land (56.39), residential land (55.31), other land (47.88) municipal cultural and educational land (47.87) cultivated land (41.37) forest land (40.43) garden land (38.20). The order of RI values of heavy metals in surface sediments of each reach was as follows: upper tributary. (108.70) From the spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution, the high value areas of Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Co and As in the upper reaches of the main stream (104.14) and the lower branches (51.32.5) of the main stream (99.31) and the upper reaches (71.14) were mainly concentrated near the main industrial parks in the urban area, and the distribution of Zn, Pb in the surface soil was consistent with that of the urban roads. Spatial distribution analysis of layer sediments showed that the pollution index of Ti, Mn, Co, Cu, As and Pb was lower in tributaries than in mainstream, and the pollution index of Cr, Ni and Zn was higher in tributaries than in mainstream. The accumulation of Cr, Ni, Cu, Co and As is mainly affected by industrial production, the accumulation of Zn and Pb is mainly affected by transportation activities, and Ti and Mn are partly from industrial smelting. Gold and its manufacturing activities are also influenced by parent materials to a certain extent. The pollution and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soil and surface sediments of rivers in Yongkang City are studied, and the relationship between heavy metals pollution and land use types and distribution is explored, which can intuitively reflect the causes of pollutant content changes and affect heavy metals. It is a guide for pollution prevention and rational development of land resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X50;X820.4
本文編號(hào)：2221434
[Abstract]:Urban soil is one of the most important basic resources for human survival and also an important link of ecosystem. With the rapid development of social economy and urbanization in urban areas, human activities have led to the accumulation of heavy metals in urban soil and surface sediments of rivers, which is beneficial to urban ecosystem and human health. In this study, 181 surface soil samples and 37 river surface sediment samples were collected systematically in the main urban area of Yongkang City, the capital of hardware industry in Zhejiang Province. The contents of Ti, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As and Pb in the samples were determined. The single factor pollution index, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index were calculated. The pollution status and potential ecological risk grade of heavy metals in Yongkang city were evaluated by set coefficient and potential ecological risk index, and the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals were analyzed by multivariate statistics and geostatistics. The results showed that: 1) The average contents of 9 heavy metals in surface soil of Yongkang City were Ti (5677) Mn (513) Cr (121) Zn (95) Pb (40) Ni (23) Cu (21) Co (10) As (6) mg 6550 The average contents of Ti(4040)Mn(755)Zn(414)Cr(201)Cu(95)Pb(35)Ni(47)As(8)Co(7)mg The average single factor pollution index is Cr (2.58) Ni (1.82) Co (1.42) Ti (1.39) Mn (1.36) Cu (1.36) Zn (1.31) Pb (1.14) As (1.02). The pollution of river surface sediments is relatively serious, and that of Ti, Mn, Co and As is relatively light. The average single factor pollution index was Zn (5.74) Cu (5.28) Cr (4.43) Ni (3.80) Pb (2.14) Mn (2.00) As (1.27) Co (1.01) Ti (0.99). The comprehensive pollution index showed that the surface soil of Yongkang city was in moderate pollution, and the average single factor pollution index was in the order of Zn (5.74) Cu (5.28) Cr (4.43) Ni (3.80) Pb (2.14) Mn (2.00) As (1.27) Co (1.01) Ti (0.99). Among the land use types, the industrial land is in the serious pollution level, the park green land, residential land, other land, woodland and cultivated land are in the moderate pollution level, and the other two land use types are in the light pollution level. Green land (2.81) residential land (2.81) other land (2.33) woodland (2.19) cultivated land (2.09) Municipal Culture and education (1.93) garden (1.93). 4) According to the potential ecological risk index, the average comprehensive potential ecological risk index of river surface sediments in Yongkang City is 91.50, higher than the risk index of surface soil (48.05), which is generally in low ecological risk and exists locally. The comprehensive potential ecological risks of heavy metals in surface soil of each land use type were as follows: industrial land (65.12), park green land (56.39), residential land (55.31), other land (47.88) municipal cultural and educational land (47.87) cultivated land (41.37) forest land (40.43) garden land (38.20). The order of RI values of heavy metals in surface sediments of each reach was as follows: upper tributary. (108.70) From the spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution, the high value areas of Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Co and As in the upper reaches of the main stream (104.14) and the lower branches (51.32.5) of the main stream (99.31) and the upper reaches (71.14) were mainly concentrated near the main industrial parks in the urban area, and the distribution of Zn, Pb in the surface soil was consistent with that of the urban roads. Spatial distribution analysis of layer sediments showed that the pollution index of Ti, Mn, Co, Cu, As and Pb was lower in tributaries than in mainstream, and the pollution index of Cr, Ni and Zn was higher in tributaries than in mainstream. The accumulation of Cr, Ni, Cu, Co and As is mainly affected by industrial production, the accumulation of Zn and Pb is mainly affected by transportation activities, and Ti and Mn are partly from industrial smelting. Gold and its manufacturing activities are also influenced by parent materials to a certain extent. The pollution and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soil and surface sediments of rivers in Yongkang City are studied, and the relationship between heavy metals pollution and land use types and distribution is explored, which can intuitively reflect the causes of pollutant content changes and affect heavy metals. It is a guide for pollution prevention and rational development of land resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X50;X820.4
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