【摘要】：近年來,大氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量越來越受到國民的關(guān)注,而現(xiàn)代人大部分時間在室內(nèi)度過,室內(nèi)污染物濃度最高可達(dá)室外的5～10倍,超過60%的疾病與室內(nèi)污染相關(guān),實際上室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量更加直接地影響著人們的健康。上世紀(jì)以來,隨著室內(nèi)裝修建材、生活用品、生活方式等的巨大變化,顯著改變了室內(nèi)污染物的種類和濃度,使人們在各類室內(nèi)場所被普遍暴露于空氣污染物中。本文就室內(nèi)空氣中典型有機污染物的濃度水平、污染特征、釋放規(guī)律及其人體暴露風(fēng)險等展開研究,通過對比研究杭州、西安兩個典型城市的2000余個室內(nèi)空氣樣本,明確了兩地新裝修家庭室內(nèi)主要污染物的濃度水平和污染特征,并結(jié)合理論分析發(fā)現(xiàn)室內(nèi)揮發(fā)性有機物污染的溫濕效應(yīng)。其中,室內(nèi)空氣污染物的溫濕效應(yīng)主要表現(xiàn)為源效應(yīng)和匯效應(yīng)兩種,不同污染物對應(yīng)的主效應(yīng)不同。區(qū)別于室內(nèi)甲醛的溫濕效應(yīng),室內(nèi)揮發(fā)性有機物的溫濕效應(yīng)與其各組分對應(yīng)的水溶性、分子極性、亨利系數(shù)等有關(guān),溫濕效應(yīng)的強弱與其亨利系數(shù)之間存在著顯著的線性關(guān)系。最后,本文比較分析了兩城市室內(nèi)空氣中主要污染物的暴露水平及相應(yīng)的暴露風(fēng)險,發(fā)現(xiàn)女性潛在暴露量要高于男性。研究結(jié)論對于揭示和理解高溫高濕環(huán)境下室內(nèi)空氣中污染物濃度的現(xiàn)象和原因,以及對于控制和減少室內(nèi)空氣污染的措施具有一定理論指導(dǎo)意義;研究結(jié)論進一步理解和完善了室內(nèi)空氣中揮發(fā)性有機物的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律,為室內(nèi)揮發(fā)性有機物污染擴散模型及其污染防治提供科學(xué)參考和理論支持。
[Abstract]:In recent years, people pay more and more attention to the quality of the atmospheric environment, and modern people spend most of their time indoors. The concentration of indoor pollutants is up to 5 ~ 10 times that of outdoors, and more than 60 percent of diseases are related to indoor pollution. In fact, indoor air quality affects people's health more directly. Since the last century, with the great changes of indoor decoration building materials, daily necessities, lifestyle and so on, the types and concentrations of indoor pollutants have been significantly changed, and people are generally exposed to air pollutants in all kinds of indoor places. In this paper, the concentration level, pollution characteristics, release law and human exposure risk of typical organic pollutants in indoor air were studied, and more than 2000 indoor air samples in two typical cities of Hangzhou and Xi'an were studied. The concentration level and pollution characteristics of main indoor pollutants in newly decorated households in both places were clarified. The temperature and humidity effects of indoor volatile organic compounds pollution were found by theoretical analysis. Among them, the temperature and humidity effects of indoor air pollutants are mainly source effect and sink effect, and the main effects of different pollutants are different. The temperature and humidity effects of indoor volatile organic compounds are related to their water solubility, molecular polarity, Henry coefficient, etc. There is a significant linear relationship between the temperature and humidity effect and its Henry coefficient. Finally, the exposure level and the corresponding exposure risk of the main pollutants in indoor air of the two cities were compared and analyzed. It was found that the potential exposure of women was higher than that of men. The conclusions are of theoretical significance for revealing and understanding the phenomena and causes of indoor air pollutant concentration in high temperature and high humidity environment and for controlling and reducing indoor air pollution. The conclusion of the study further understood and improved the transport and transformation law of volatile organic compounds in indoor air, and provided scientific reference and theoretical support for indoor volatile organic compounds pollution diffusion model and pollution prevention and control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X51

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本文編號：2218902