【摘要】：中電聯(lián)的統(tǒng)計顯示至2015年初,我國火力發(fā)電脫硫機組容量已超7.6億千萬,約占國家煤電機組裝機總?cè)萘康?2.1%,在脫硫機組之中利用濕法石灰石-石膏脫硫技術(shù)的機組容量占到了90%以上。在治理SO2的同時資源的消耗和對環(huán)境的二次污染問題日趨嚴重,脫硫煙氣中含有的大量酸霧、石膏微粒以及少量其他的重金屬微粒,如果不能有效去除,其將對下游設(shè)備造成腐蝕,對人體造成危害,甚至發(fā)生“石膏雨”或酸雨等環(huán)境污染。目前,電廠濕法煙氣脫硫除霧器中的葉片都是固定安裝的結(jié)構(gòu),并且多采用類型單一的折板式除霧器,折板式除霧器的分離效率有限,尤其對微米級及亞微觀粒子幾乎不能捕集、負荷適應(yīng)性差等諸多弊端也日漸顯現(xiàn)。本文針對大型燃煤鍋爐脫硫裝置中除霧器除霧效率不高、負荷適應(yīng)性差、非智能化等問題開展研究。研究鉤片的尺寸對除霧器性能的影響,以及最佳鉤片尺寸結(jié)構(gòu)和兩級除霧器組合形式。作者對帶鉤折板式除霧器多種設(shè)計方案進行了模擬,以分析不同鉤片尺寸對10~40μm液滴捕集的效果。又以濕法煙氣脫硫系統(tǒng)中帶鉤波紋板除霧器為研究對象,采用數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)求解鉤片直段長度、鉤片圓弧段轉(zhuǎn)折半徑及鉤片圓弧段轉(zhuǎn)折角度等因素對除霧器性能的影響。首次基于鉤片可調(diào)的除霧器,對吸收塔內(nèi)煙氣量與機組負荷、燃料成分等關(guān)系進行數(shù)學(xué)建模,重要輔機特性的關(guān)系式進行數(shù)據(jù)擬合,關(guān)聯(lián)起機組負荷及燃料成分等參數(shù)與除霧器鉤片的最優(yōu)偏轉(zhuǎn)角度,并在優(yōu)化計算基礎(chǔ)之上提出了除霧器的運行方法。結(jié)果表明:對折板式除霧器加裝鉤片,流場內(nèi)的湍流程度得到加強,大幅度地提高了除霧效率。隨著鉤片長度的增大,氣流的流動通道變窄,壓降增大。隨著鉤片寬度的增大,大多數(shù)工況下,除霧效率和壓降都是減小的。隨著機組負荷的降低,除霧效率下降。采用改變鉤片直段長度、圓弧段轉(zhuǎn)折半徑、圓弧段轉(zhuǎn)折角度及鉤片偏折角度能夠?qū)ΤF器內(nèi)氣液兩相流場進行調(diào)節(jié),使之達到理想狀態(tài),提高了除霧效率。以典型30萬千瓦單元機組濕法煙氣脫硫系統(tǒng)作為算例,在40%~100%額定工況下,當(dāng)使用設(shè)計煤種計算時,采用可調(diào)鉤片方法,平均提高除霧效率4.1%。
[Abstract]:According to ITU statistics, by the beginning of 2015, the capacity of thermal power desulfurization units in China had exceeded 7.6 million. It accounts for 92.1% of the total installed capacity of the national coal motor unit. The capacity of the unit using wet limestone gypsum desulfurization technology in the desulfurization unit accounts for more than 90%. The problem of resource consumption and secondary pollution of environment is becoming more and more serious in the process of controlling SO2. A large amount of acid mist, gypsum particles and a few other heavy metal particles in desulfurized flue gas can not be removed effectively. It will cause corrosion to downstream equipment, harm to human body and even environmental pollution such as gypsum rain or acid rain. At present, the blades of wet flue gas desulphurization defroster in power plant are all fixed installation structure, and most of them adopt single type folding plate type mist eliminator, and the separation efficiency of folding plate type mist eliminator is limited. Especially for micron and submicroscopic particles, there are many disadvantages, such as poor load adaptability and so on. In this paper, the defogging efficiency, load adaptability and unintelligence of the demister in the desulfurization unit of large coal-fired boiler are studied. The influence of the size of the hook plate on the performance of the demister, the optimum size structure of the hook plate and the combination form of the two stage demister are studied. In order to analyze the effect of different size of hook plate on 1040 渭 m droplet trapping, various design schemes of baffled plate demister with hook are simulated in this paper. Taking the defogger with hook corrugated plate as the research object in the wet flue gas desulphurization system, the effects of the length of the straight section of the hook plate, the turning radius of the arc segment of the hook plate and the turning angle of the arc segment of the hook plate on the performance of the mist remover are solved by numerical simulation. For the first time, based on the adjustable hook mist eliminator, the mathematical modeling of the relationship between the smoke quantity in the absorber and the load of the unit, the fuel composition, and the data fitting of the important auxiliary machine characteristics are carried out. The optimal deflection angle between the load and fuel components of the unit and the hook plate of the demister is correlated, and the operation method of the demister is put forward on the basis of the optimization calculation. The results show that the turbulent degree in the flow field is strengthened and the efficiency of fog removal is greatly improved when the hook plate is installed in the folding plate type mist eliminator. As the length of the hook increases, the flow channel becomes narrower and the pressure drop increases. With the increase of the hook width, the defog efficiency and pressure drop are reduced in most cases. With the reduction of the unit load, the defogging efficiency decreases. By changing the length of the straight section of the hook, the turning radius of the arc, the turning angle of the arc and the angle of deflection of the hook, the gas-liquid two-phase flow field in the mist remover can be adjusted to achieve the ideal state and improve the efficiency of fog removal. Taking the wet flue gas desulfurization system of a typical 300000 kilowatt unit as an example, under the rated working conditions of 40% and 100%, the adjustable hook plate method is used to increase the average fog removal efficiency by using the adjustable hook plate method when using the design coal type calculation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X773

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