【摘要】：人工濕地(Constructed wetland)具備基建成本低,效益高等特點,同時兼?zhèn)浣?jīng)濟、社會和生態(tài)價值,是處理污水的理想途徑,近幾十年來成為研究熱點。人工濕地是對自然濕地結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的模擬,其凈化機理是通過植物、基質(zhì)和微生物之間的相互作用,經(jīng)物理、化學和生物過程實現(xiàn)對污染物的去除。目前廣泛用于生活污水、工業(yè)污水、水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖外排水與農(nóng)業(yè)點源污染和面源污染以及其他富營養(yǎng)化水體的治理。但是人工濕地在實際運行中存在許多問題,例如:占地面積大,長期運行穩(wěn)定性較差,有機物去除效率低以及易堵塞等。針對人工濕地運行中存在的問題,本文構(gòu)建了人工濕地和人工濕地-生物濾池(Biological filter)處理工藝,并對凈化養(yǎng)殖外排水效果進行了研究。以期充分結(jié)合利用兩者的優(yōu)點實現(xiàn)養(yǎng)殖外排水的高效凈化,為構(gòu)建養(yǎng)殖外排水凈化理論提供一定的參考價值和技術(shù)支撐。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)以亞克力材料構(gòu)建了由下向流池、上向流池、沉淀池等組成的復(fù)合垂直流人工濕地(Integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland,IVCW),長、寬和高為100.00×60.00 cm×100.00 cm,對海水養(yǎng)殖外排水進行非連續(xù)進水凈化研究。結(jié)果表明IVCW對養(yǎng)殖外排水中的高錳酸鉀指數(shù)(CODMn)、氨氮(NH4+-N)、總氮(TN)和總磷(TP)去除效果良好。實驗期間出水的基本參數(shù)如下,溫度為(26.62±0.64)℃;溶氧為(5.79±0.28)mg/L,pH為7.67±0.05。對污染物的凈化效果如下,每日CODMn出水濃度為(3.7±0.8)mg/L,平均去除率為(70.54±7.8)%;磷酸鹽濃度出水濃度平均為(0.03±0.01)mg/L,平均去除率為(93.34±1.07)%�？偭灼骄鶟舛葹�(0.06±0.01)mg/L,平均去除率為(91.56±0.91)%。氨氮的平均去除率為(78.52±4.37)%,最高去除率為85.36%。總氮出水濃度最后穩(wěn)定在1.07 mg/L上下,平均去除率為(47.24±4.33)%。其中CODMn符合《海水養(yǎng)殖水排放要求》(SC/T 9103-2007)一級標準;pH和氨氮符合《漁業(yè)水質(zhì)標準》(GB 11607-89)和《海水養(yǎng)殖水排放要求》(SC/T 9103-2007)一級標準。(2)為探究人工濕地-生物濾池組合工藝對循環(huán)水養(yǎng)殖中污染物的凈化作用,構(gòu)建了復(fù)合式人工濕地系統(tǒng),系統(tǒng)由養(yǎng)殖池、生物濾池、貯水池、人工濕地和沉淀池等串聯(lián)而成。人工濕地和生物濾池內(nèi)部均為分段式設(shè)計。整套系統(tǒng)占地面積和體積分別為1.30 m2和910.00 L。人工濕地和生物濾池分別以珊瑚石、砂石和生化濾球、爆炸棉為填料。研究結(jié)果表明,復(fù)合人工濕地系統(tǒng)在循環(huán)水養(yǎng)殖中對CODMn、磷酸鹽、總磷、氨氮和總氮凈化效果良好,每日出水濃度穩(wěn)定。淡水系統(tǒng)每日出水CODMn為(3.2±0.8)mg/L;磷酸鹽變?yōu)?0.08±0.01)mg/L;TP平均為(0.10±0.01)mg/L;海水系統(tǒng)每日出水CODMn為(5.3±0.7)mg/L;磷酸鹽為(0.05±0.01)mg/L;TP為(0.07±0.01)mg/L。NH4+-N平均出水濃度為(0.04±0.02)mg/L,淡水和海水系統(tǒng)的TN平均出水濃度分別為(4.51±0.77)mg/L和(4.62±0.63)mg/L。pH,CODMn,P、TP、TN均符合《淡水池塘養(yǎng)殖水排放要求》(SC/T 9101-2007)和《海水養(yǎng)殖水排放要求》(SC/T 9103-2007);氨氮符合《漁業(yè)水質(zhì)標準》(GB 11607-89)。復(fù)合式人工濕地系統(tǒng)空間利用率低,有效面積和有效體積占較低,分別為43.85%和36.92%。系統(tǒng)管網(wǎng)過長導(dǎo)致污染物在水流管網(wǎng)內(nèi)壁堆積,影響流速,導(dǎo)致出水水質(zhì)不穩(wěn)定。(3)為解決復(fù)合式人工濕地凈水系統(tǒng)運行中存在的問題,本實驗設(shè)計構(gòu)建了集成式人工濕地系統(tǒng)中。處理單元小型化,直接并接省去了連接管路,有效面積比和有效體積比接近100.00%。人工濕地和生物濾池的填料種類及方式與復(fù)合式人工濕地系統(tǒng)相同,內(nèi)部采用分布式設(shè)計。研究結(jié)果表明,在實驗期間兩套系統(tǒng)對污染物的凈化能力較差,各個污染物濃度波動范圍較大。系統(tǒng)1每日出水CODMn為(6.2±1.2)mg/L;磷酸鹽為(0.06±0.02)mg/L;TP為(0.08±0.02)mg/L;系統(tǒng)2每日出水CODMn為(4.6±0.8)mg/L;磷酸鹽為(0.03±0.02)mg/L;TP為(0.05±0.02)mg/L。統(tǒng)1中NH4+-N平均濃度為(2.36±1.04)mg/L,TN平均濃度為(7.34±2.50)mg/L。系統(tǒng)2中NH4+-N平均值為(2.65±0.96)mg/L,TN平均濃度為(7.29±1.79)mg/L。pH,P,CODMn符合《海水養(yǎng)殖水排放要求》(SC/T 9103-2007),氨氮不符合要求。
[Abstract]:Constructed wetland is an ideal way to treat wastewater with low cost and high benefit, and it has economic, social and ecological value. In recent decades, constructed wetland has become a research hotspot. At present, it is widely used in the treatment of domestic sewage, industrial sewage, aquaculture drainage, agricultural point source pollution, non-point source pollution and other eutrophic water bodies. In view of the problems existing in the operation of constructed wetlands, this paper constructs the treatment process of constructed wetlands and constructed wetlands-biological filters, and studies the effect of purifying aquaculture drainage. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) An integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland (IVCW) consisting of downstream, upstream and sedimentation ponds was constructed with acrylic materials. The length, width and height of the constructed wetland were 100.00 The results showed that the removal efficiency of potassium permanganate index (CODMn), ammonia nitrogen (NH4 + - N), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in aquaculture effluent by IVCW was good. The basic parameters of effluent during the experiment were as follows: the temperature was (26.62 (0.64)), the dissolved oxygen was (5.79 (0.28) mg/L, and the pH was 7.6. The purification effect of the pollutants was as follows: the daily CODMn effluent concentration was (3.7 (0.8) mg/L, and the average removal rate was (70.54 (7.8))%; the phosphate concentration effluent concentration was (0.03 (0.01) mg/L, and the average removal rate was (93.34 (1.07)). The average total phosphorus concentration was (0.06 (0.01) mg/L, and the average removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was (91.56) respectively. The highest removal rate was 85.36%. The effluent concentration of total nitrogen was finally stabilized at 1.07 mg/L and the average removal rate was (47.24+4.33)%. Among them, CODMn met the first-class standards of (SC/T 9103-2007); pH and ammonia nitrogen met the (GB 11607-89) and < Mariculture Water Discharge Requirements > (SC/T 9103-2007) I. (2) In order to explore the purification effect of constructed wetland-biofilter combined process on pollutants in recirculating aquaculture, a composite constructed wetland system was constructed. The system was composed of aquaculture pond, biofilter, water storage pond, constructed wetland and sedimentation pond in series. The area and volume of the constructed wetland and biofilter were 1.30 m2 and 910.00 L, respectively. Coral stone, sand, biochemical filter balls and explosive cotton were used as fillers in the constructed wetland and biofilter respectively. The effluent CODMn was (3.2 (+ 0.8) mg/L; phosphate was (0.08 (+ 0.01) mg/L; phosphate was (0.08 (+ 0.01) mg/L; TP was (0.10 (+ 0.01) mg/L; daily effluent CODMn was (5.3 (+ 0.7) mg/L; phosphate was (0.05 (+) 0.01) mg/L; phosphate was (3.2.2 (+) mg/L; phosphate was (0.2.08 (+) 0.08 (+0.01) mg/L; TP was (0.04 (+0.02) mg/L; fresh water and sea water were (5.3.3 (+) 5.3 (+0./ L and (4.62+0.63) mg/L.pH, CODMn, P, TP, TN all met the discharge requirements of freshwater pond culture water (SC/T 9101-2007) and the discharge requirements of seawater culture water (SC/T 9103-2007); ammonia nitrogen met the fishery water quality standard (GB 11607-89). Composite constructed wetland system had low spatial utilization rate, low effective area and effective volume, accounting for 43.85% and 36.92% respectively. (3) In order to solve the problems existing in the operation of the composite constructed wetland water purification system, an integrated constructed wetland system was designed and constructed. The treatment unit was miniaturized, and the connecting pipes were directly connected and omitted. The results show that the two systems have poor purification capacity for pollutants during the experiment, and the concentration of each pollutant fluctuates widely. The daily effluent CODMn of the system 1 is (6.2%). The average concentration of NH4 + - N was (2.36 + 1.04) mg/L, TP was (0.08 +0.02) mg/L, TP was (0.08 +0.02) mg/L, CODMn was (4.6 +0.8) mg/L, phosphate was (0.03 +0.02) mg/L, phosphate was (0.03 +0.02 mg/L, TP was (0.05 +0.02) mg/L. The average concentration of NH4 + - N was (2.36 +1.04) mg/L, the average concentration was (7.34 +2.50 mg/L.50) mg/L.2. The average concentration of NH4 + - N was (7.34 +2.50 mg/L.50) mg/L.2.96 mg/L, TN average concentration was (7. 29 + 1.79) mg/L.pH, P and CODMn conformed to < marine culture water discharge requirements > (SC/T 9103-2007), ammonia nitrogen did not meet the requirements.
【學位授予單位】：上海海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X52;X703

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