發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-21 13:14

【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著潤(rùn)滑油在我國(guó)快速發(fā)展的工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)中日益廣泛的應(yīng)用,產(chǎn)生了大量廢潤(rùn)滑油,這些廢潤(rùn)滑油可經(jīng)過(guò)再凈化、再精制等工藝得以回收再利用。在廢油資源化處理技術(shù)中,吸附處理技術(shù)占有重要地位。在吸附工藝中,吸附材料的選擇至關(guān)重要。粉煤灰作為新型吸附材料,具有價(jià)格低廉、來(lái)源廣泛等優(yōu)點(diǎn),可有效地用于廢油的吸附處理。然而,吸附處理廢潤(rùn)滑油后的粉煤灰失去吸附能力,且自身成為一種有毒有害物質(zhì),必須要通過(guò)一些途徑來(lái)處理。使用一些技術(shù)手段來(lái)處理廢粉煤灰,讓其重新獲得吸附性能,是一種有效地途徑。這些技術(shù)手段被稱為再生方法,常見(jiàn)的再生方法有熱再生、氧化再生、溶劑再生、光催化再生、電化學(xué)再生、微波輻射再生、超聲波再生、超臨界流體再生以及等離子體再生等。而微波再生作為一種高效、快速、節(jié)能的新型吸附材料再生方法,國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者已將此法應(yīng)用于活性炭的再生,并就此展開(kāi)了大量研究,但對(duì)粉煤灰的再生研究較少。本文基于吸附材料微波再生技術(shù),探索性開(kāi)展吸附處理廢潤(rùn)滑油粉煤灰的微波再生研究。本論文以吸附處理廢潤(rùn)滑油后的粉煤灰為研究對(duì)象,以微波為再生手段,以酸值為再生評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),采用單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)探討了微波功率、再生時(shí)間和粉煤灰顆粒大小這三個(gè)因素對(duì)微波再生效率的影響,采用正交試驗(yàn)優(yōu)化了再生粉煤灰試驗(yàn)條件;并對(duì)吸附處理模擬廢油粉煤灰的微波再生和傳統(tǒng)熱再生進(jìn)行了比較,考察了1-3次熱再生和微波再生效率、再生前后粉煤灰表面結(jié)構(gòu)和接觸角變化;最后將粉煤灰的吸附—微波再生—再吸附工藝應(yīng)用到實(shí)際廢油的處理中,以水分、粘度、酸值、表面張力等指標(biāo),探討再生粉煤灰對(duì)廢潤(rùn)滑油的處理效果。再生實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,影響微波再生粉煤灰效率的因素依次是:粉煤灰顆粒粒徑、微波功率、微波輻照時(shí)間,最高再生效率得到條件是粉煤灰粒徑0.1-0.2 mm、微波功率800 W和再生時(shí)間2 min,此時(shí)再生效率達(dá)92.73%。熱重實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,最佳熱再生溫度為400℃。微波和熱再生的對(duì)比試驗(yàn)表明,經(jīng)過(guò)3次微波再生后,粉煤灰的比表面、總孔體積和平均孔徑逐漸減小,粉煤灰晶體定形化。經(jīng)過(guò)3次熱再生后,粉煤灰的比表面積和總孔容積逐漸增大,粉煤灰晶體無(wú)定形化。在獲得相同的再生效率的條件下,微波能耗更低,僅占熱再生的1/66~1/36。接觸角實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,隨著微波再生次數(shù)增加,粉煤灰與液體石蠟的親和性降低,相對(duì)接觸角增大,粉煤灰表面自由焓也降低。粉煤灰的吸附—微波再生—再吸附工藝應(yīng)用到實(shí)際廢潤(rùn)滑油的處理實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,粉煤灰吸附可以降低廢油的酸值、水分、表面張力和運(yùn)動(dòng)粘度,而微波再生后的粉煤灰對(duì)廢油吸附處理效果會(huì)變差,且隨再生次數(shù)的增加,粉煤灰的吸附處理會(huì)變的更差。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasing application of lubricating oil in China's rapidly developing industrial economy, a large number of waste lubricating oils have been produced, which can be repurified, rerefined and reused. Adsorption treatment plays an important role in waste oil resource treatment technology. In the adsorption process, the selection of adsorption materials is very important. Fly ash, as a new adsorption material, has the advantages of low price and wide source, so it can be effectively used in the adsorption treatment of waste oil. However, the fly ash after adsorbing and treating waste lubricating oil loses its adsorption capacity and becomes a kind of toxic and harmful substance, which must be treated by some ways. It is an effective way to treat waste fly ash and reacquire its adsorption property by some technical means. These techniques are called regeneration methods. Common regeneration methods include thermal regeneration, oxidative regeneration, solvent regeneration, photocatalytic regeneration, electrochemical regeneration, microwave regeneration, ultrasonic regeneration, Supercritical fluid regeneration and plasma regeneration. Microwave regeneration is an efficient, fast and energy-saving method for regeneration of adsorption materials. Scholars at home and abroad have applied this method to the regeneration of activated carbon, and a large number of studies have been carried out, but the regeneration of fly ash is less studied. In this paper, microwave regeneration of waste lubricating oil fly ash is studied based on microwave regeneration technology of adsorbed materials. In this paper, the power of microwave was studied by single factor experiment, taking fly ash after adsorption and treatment of waste lubricating oil as research object, microwave as regeneration method and acid value as regeneration evaluation index. The effects of regeneration time and particle size of fly ash on the efficiency of microwave regeneration were studied. The experimental conditions of regenerated fly ash were optimized by orthogonal test, and the microwave regeneration of simulated waste oil fly ash by adsorption was compared with that of traditional thermal regeneration. The surface structure and contact angle of fly ash before and after regeneration were investigated. Finally, the adsorption-microwave regeneration-readsorption process of fly ash was applied to the treatment of waste oil with moisture, viscosity and acid value. The treatment effect of regenerated fly ash on waste lubricating oil was discussed. The regeneration experiments show that the factors influencing the efficiency of microwave regeneration of fly ash are: particle size of fly ash, microwave power, time of microwave irradiation, The maximum regeneration efficiency was obtained as follows: particle size of fly ash 0.1-0.2 mm, microwave power 800 W and regeneration time 2 min, and the regeneration efficiency reached 92.73 mm. The thermogravimetric test shows that the optimum temperature of thermal regeneration is 400 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2195849