發(fā)布時間：2018-08-18 21:37

【摘要】：秦嶺是我國南北地理概念上的分界線,它擁有多樣的生物資源和豐富的水資源,是陜西乃至全國重要的生態(tài)功能區(qū)。但近年來,隨著陜西秦嶺地區(qū)社會、經(jīng)濟的飛速發(fā)展,人們對自然資源的需求壓力越來越大,使陜西秦嶺地區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境受到了嚴重的破壞,霧霾、泥石流、水土流失等環(huán)境問題也嚴重威脅著人們的健康和發(fā)展。因此,對陜西秦嶺地區(qū)的生態(tài)安全進行研究,改善其生態(tài)安全狀況就顯得尤為重要。本論文在研究背景、意義闡述的條件下,梳理了生態(tài)安全研究的相關理論及國內外文獻綜述,對陜西秦嶺地區(qū)的概況、生態(tài)現(xiàn)狀、生態(tài)安全現(xiàn)狀進行分析。其次,對常用生態(tài)安全測度方法進行分析和對比,并借鑒共生理論的原理,確定并構建生態(tài)L-V共生模型;利用聚類分析法和變異系數(shù)法,完善并檢驗生態(tài)安全指標體系;用層次分析和熵權定性與定量相結合的方法,對指標權重進行確定。再次,求解生態(tài)L-V共生模型的穩(wěn)定平衡點,并對該模型的穩(wěn)定性進行動態(tài)分析,得到生態(tài)安全的判斷標準�；谏鲜瞿Ｐ蛯﹃兾髑貛X地區(qū)38個區(qū)縣的生態(tài)狀況進行測度,得到其生態(tài)安全測度結果。最后,對生態(tài)安全狀況不理想的區(qū)縣進行原因分析,并針對陜西秦嶺地區(qū)的特點提出改善建議。主要得到以下結論:(1)將L-V模型、層次分析法、熵權法、聚類分析法以及變異系數(shù)法進行組合,使上述整個測度過程定量化,最大限度的降低了主觀隨意性,確保得到的測度結果更加科學、合理。(2)目前陜西秦嶺地區(qū)生態(tài)安全狀況為:漢中市各區(qū)縣生態(tài)安全狀況最差,其次是商洛市,寶雞市和渭南市的生態(tài)安全相對較好。由縱向分析可知,灞橋區(qū)等9個區(qū)縣的生態(tài)安全狀況得到相應的改善,而漢陰縣等10個區(qū)縣的生態(tài)安全狀況處于下降的趨勢,尤其是旬陽縣,下降幅度最大,應該盡快采取改善措施。(3)人口數(shù)量的高速增長,第二產(chǎn)業(yè)、旅游、林、藥業(yè)的不良發(fā)展以及礦產(chǎn)的違規(guī)開采是陜西秦嶺地區(qū)生態(tài)安全狀況惡化的主要原因。對此,本論文提出控制人口數(shù)量并提高人口素質,優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結構并提高生產(chǎn)效率,加強對礦產(chǎn)資源開發(fā)、利用的監(jiān)督和管理以及加快秦嶺公園建設的建議。
[Abstract]:The Qinling Mountains is a conceptual dividing line between north and south of China. It has a variety of biological resources and abundant water resources. It is an important ecological functional area in Shaanxi and even the whole country. However, in recent years, with the rapid development of society and economy in Qinling, Shaanxi, the demand for natural resources is increasing, and the ecological environment of Qinling has been seriously damaged by, haze, debris flow. Environmental problems such as soil erosion are also a serious threat to people's health and development. Therefore, it is very important to improve the ecological security of Qinling region. Under the condition of research background and significance, this paper combs the relevant theories of ecological security research and literature review at home and abroad, and analyzes the general situation, ecological status and ecological security status of Qinling region of Shaanxi Province. Secondly, the common ecological security measurement methods are analyzed and compared, and the ecological L-V symbiotic model is established and constructed by using the theory of symbiosis, and the index system of ecological security is improved and tested by cluster analysis and variation coefficient method. The index weight is determined by the method of AHP and entropy weight combining qualitative and quantitative analysis. Thirdly, the stable equilibrium point of ecological L-V symbiotic model is solved, and the stability of the model is analyzed dynamically, and the criterion of ecological security is obtained. Based on the above model, the ecological status of 38 districts and counties in Qinling region of Shaanxi Province was measured, and the results of ecological security measurement were obtained. Finally, the paper analyzes the causes of the unfavorable ecological security in the districts and counties, and puts forward some suggestions for improving the characteristics of the Qinling region of Shaanxi Province. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) combining L-V model, analytic hierarchy process, entropy weight method, cluster analysis method and coefficient of variation method, the whole measurement process mentioned above is quantified and subjective randomness is reduced to the maximum extent. The results obtained are more scientific and reasonable. (2) at present, the ecological security situation in Qinling area of Shaanxi Province is the worst in Hanzhong City, followed by Shangluo City, Baoji City and Weinan City. From the longitudinal analysis, we can see that the ecological security situation of 9 districts and counties such as Baqiao District has been improved correspondingly, while the ecological security situation of 10 districts and counties such as Hanyin County is in a downward trend, especially Xunyang County, which has the biggest decline. Improvement measures should be taken as soon as possible. (3) the rapid growth of population, poor development of secondary industry, tourism, forest and pharmaceutical industry and illegal mining of minerals are the main reasons for the deterioration of ecological security in Qinling region of Shaanxi Province. In view of this, this paper puts forward some suggestions on controlling the population quantity and improving the population quality, optimizing the industrial structure and improving the production efficiency, strengthening the supervision and management of the exploitation of mineral resources, utilizing and accelerating the construction of Qinling Park.
【學位授予單位】：西安理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X826

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