消化污泥及其堆肥氮素賦存形態(tài)變化規(guī)律的研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-15 13:17
【摘要】：市政污泥中含有豐富的植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素和有機(jī)物,為其作為有機(jī)肥料提供了條件。堆肥施用可以提高土壤肥力,加強(qiáng)土壤健康狀況,從而提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力,改善土壤生物多樣性。而在污泥的堆肥化過(guò)程中,伴隨著有機(jī)物的降解與轉(zhuǎn)化,氮素會(huì)有一定程度的損失,關(guān)注污泥在堆肥過(guò)程當(dāng)中氮素的各種不同形態(tài)的變化,尤其是有機(jī)氮組分的變化,可以為提高堆肥質(zhì)量,生產(chǎn)更優(yōu)質(zhì)肥料提供理論依據(jù)。本課題對(duì)收集自日本不同的污水處理廠的剩余污泥,消化污泥,干燥污泥及堆肥污泥的含水率,揮發(fā)性固體含量,電導(dǎo)率(EC),p H,氨氮(NH4+-N),亞硝態(tài)氮(NO2--N),硝態(tài)氮(NO3--N),總碳(TC),總氮(TN)及有機(jī)氮組分等性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了測(cè)試分析,研究污泥在消化過(guò)程及堆肥過(guò)程中性質(zhì)的變化,從而探討消化、堆肥過(guò)程對(duì)有機(jī)氮組分的影響。并選擇不同性質(zhì)的污泥堆肥產(chǎn)品作為肥料,通過(guò)小松菜栽培試驗(yàn),調(diào)查有機(jī)肥料對(duì)作物生長(zhǎng)的影響。主要得到以下結(jié)果:(1)取自日本某公司的不同水力停留時(shí)間(HRT5d和HRT10d)下的高溫厭氧消化(55℃)污泥,經(jīng)空氣干燥和烘箱干燥兩種方式處理后,含水率均降低至10%左右,且干燥污泥無(wú)雜物。烘箱干燥污泥中未檢出糞大腸菌群及沙門(mén)氏菌等病原菌,pH在6~9范圍內(nèi),TC和TKN含量分別在360gC/kg-TS及48gN/kg-TS以上,發(fā)芽指數(shù)達(dá)到70%以上。烘箱干燥污泥可滿(mǎn)足CJ/T 309-2009污泥農(nóng)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。(2)來(lái)自日本A,B,C三所城市生活污水處理廠(WWTP)的剩余污泥經(jīng)中溫厭氧消化處理后得到的消化污泥pH為中性偏堿性,EC值升高,TN和NH4+-N含量均有所增加,C/N降低。消化污泥中的總凱氏氮含量高于原泥和干燥污泥。污泥中易降解有機(jī)氮組分“非蛋白態(tài)氮化合物+溶解性蛋白質(zhì)”((A+B)%)含量按以下順序排列,原泥消化污泥干燥污泥。消化污泥中表示肥料緩釋性的“膜結(jié)核性蛋白質(zhì)和細(xì)胞壁構(gòu)成蛋白”的含量較高。消化作用增加了污泥中緩慢降解的氮組分。(3)日本A-WWTP的高溫好氧堆肥和B-WWTP的YM菌超高溫污泥好氧發(fā)酵堆肥過(guò)程中堆體含水率和pH均呈下降趨勢(shì),且pH的變化在6~9之間,種子發(fā)芽指數(shù)(GI%)呈上升趨勢(shì)。堆肥過(guò)程中氮元素形態(tài)經(jīng)過(guò)微生物作用,在溫度和pH等外部條件影響下不斷發(fā)生動(dòng)態(tài)變化。A-WWTP堆肥過(guò)程中,NH4+-N的變化趨勢(shì)與pH的變化相一致;堆肥開(kāi)始時(shí)NO3--N含量很低,隨著堆肥反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行呈上升趨勢(shì),而NO2--N含量一直處于較低水平;堆體中易降解有機(jī)氮組分(A+B)%含量變化波動(dòng)較大,堆肥成品中(A+B)%含量有所降低。而在0d到48d的B-WWTP堆肥過(guò)程中,堆體溫度保持在70℃以上,NH4+-N含量呈上升趨勢(shì),持續(xù)的高溫抑制了亞硝化菌和硝化菌的生長(zhǎng)繁殖,使得NO2--N和NO3--N含量都很低,堆體中易降解有機(jī)氮組分(A+B)%含量呈緩慢上升趨勢(shì)。(4)B廠堆肥產(chǎn)品,C廠農(nóng)民堆肥產(chǎn)品及市售的污泥肥料對(duì)小松菜栽培試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果表明,在土壤中施加10gN/m2、20gN/m2和30gN/m2的污泥產(chǎn)品時(shí)每期小松菜平均株重(鮮重)較無(wú)肥區(qū)和化肥區(qū)有一定增長(zhǎng),SPAD值與無(wú)肥區(qū)差異不大。小松菜的鮮重、SPAD值及汁液的糖度均逐期降低。
[Abstract]:Municipal sludge contains abundant plant nutrients and organic substances, which provide conditions for it to be used as organic fertilizer. Compost application can improve soil fertility and soil health, thereby improving agricultural productivity and soil biodiversity. There is a certain degree of loss. Paying attention to the change of nitrogen forms in the process of composting, especially the change of organic nitrogen components, can provide a theoretical basis for improving the quality of composting and producing better fertilizers. The water content, volatile solid content, electrical conductivity (EC), P H, ammonia nitrogen (NH4 + - N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2 - N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3 - N), total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) and organic nitrogen components of sludge were measured and analyzed. The changes of sludge properties during digestion and composting were studied, and the effects of digestion and composting on organic nitrogen components were discussed. The effects of organic fertilizers on crop growth were investigated by Pinus koraiensis cultivation experiment. The main results were as follows: (1) Sludge from a Japanese company with different hydraulic retention time (HRT5d and HRT10d) was digested under high temperature anaerobic digestion (55 C) and dried by air drying and oven drying. After treatment, the moisture content was reduced to about 10% and no impurities were found in the dry sludge. Fecal coliforms and Salmonella were not detected in the oven-dried sludge. The pH ranged from 6 to 9, TC and TKN contents were above 360gC/kg-TS and 48gN/kg-TS, respectively, and the germination index was above 70%. The oven-dried sludge could meet the agricultural standard of CJ/T 309-2009 sludge. (2) After anaerobic digestion at medium temperature, the pH of the sludge from three municipal sewage treatment plants (WWTP) in Japan was neutral and alkaline, the EC value increased, the contents of TN and NH4 + - N increased, and the C/N decreased. The total Kjeldahl nitrogen content in the digested sludge was higher than that in the raw sludge and the dry sludge. The contents of "non-protein nitrogen compounds + soluble proteins" ((A + B)) were arranged in the following order: raw sludge digested sludge dry sludge. The contents of "membrane nodule proteins and cell wall proteins" in digested sludge which indicated slow-release of fertilizer were higher. Digestion increased the slow-degradation nitrogen components in sludge. (3) A-WWTP from Japan. The water content and pH of the compost decreased during the aerobic composting process of thermophilic aerobic composting and B-WWTP super-high temperature sludge composting, and the pH changed between 6 and 9, while the seed germination index (GI%) increased. The nitrogen forms changed continuously under the influence of temperature and pH and other external conditions during the composting process. During the WWTP composting process, the change trend of NH4 + - N was consistent with the change of pH; the content of NO3 - N was very low at the beginning of composting, and increased with the composting reaction, while the content of NO2 - N was always at a low level; the content of easily degradable organic nitrogen component (A + B) in the compost varied greatly, and the content of (A + B) in the compost product decreased somewhat from 0 d to 48 D. During the B-WWTP composting process of d, the temperature of the compost was kept above 70 C, and the content of NH4 + - N increased. The continuous high temperature inhibited the growth and reproduction of nitrosobacteria and nitrifying bacteria, resulting in the low content of NO2 - N and NO3 - N. The content of easily degradable organic nitrogen component (A + B) in the compost of B plant and the peasant compost products of C plant showed a slow upward trend. The results showed that the average plant weight (fresh weight) of Pinus koraiensis was higher than that of the non-fertilizer and chemical fertilizer areas, and the SPAD value was not significantly different from that of the non-fertilizer areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X703;S141.4
本文編號(hào)：2184319
[Abstract]:Municipal sludge contains abundant plant nutrients and organic substances, which provide conditions for it to be used as organic fertilizer. Compost application can improve soil fertility and soil health, thereby improving agricultural productivity and soil biodiversity. There is a certain degree of loss. Paying attention to the change of nitrogen forms in the process of composting, especially the change of organic nitrogen components, can provide a theoretical basis for improving the quality of composting and producing better fertilizers. The water content, volatile solid content, electrical conductivity (EC), P H, ammonia nitrogen (NH4 + - N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2 - N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3 - N), total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) and organic nitrogen components of sludge were measured and analyzed. The changes of sludge properties during digestion and composting were studied, and the effects of digestion and composting on organic nitrogen components were discussed. The effects of organic fertilizers on crop growth were investigated by Pinus koraiensis cultivation experiment. The main results were as follows: (1) Sludge from a Japanese company with different hydraulic retention time (HRT5d and HRT10d) was digested under high temperature anaerobic digestion (55 C) and dried by air drying and oven drying. After treatment, the moisture content was reduced to about 10% and no impurities were found in the dry sludge. Fecal coliforms and Salmonella were not detected in the oven-dried sludge. The pH ranged from 6 to 9, TC and TKN contents were above 360gC/kg-TS and 48gN/kg-TS, respectively, and the germination index was above 70%. The oven-dried sludge could meet the agricultural standard of CJ/T 309-2009 sludge. (2) After anaerobic digestion at medium temperature, the pH of the sludge from three municipal sewage treatment plants (WWTP) in Japan was neutral and alkaline, the EC value increased, the contents of TN and NH4 + - N increased, and the C/N decreased. The total Kjeldahl nitrogen content in the digested sludge was higher than that in the raw sludge and the dry sludge. The contents of "non-protein nitrogen compounds + soluble proteins" ((A + B)) were arranged in the following order: raw sludge digested sludge dry sludge. The contents of "membrane nodule proteins and cell wall proteins" in digested sludge which indicated slow-release of fertilizer were higher. Digestion increased the slow-degradation nitrogen components in sludge. (3) A-WWTP from Japan. The water content and pH of the compost decreased during the aerobic composting process of thermophilic aerobic composting and B-WWTP super-high temperature sludge composting, and the pH changed between 6 and 9, while the seed germination index (GI%) increased. The nitrogen forms changed continuously under the influence of temperature and pH and other external conditions during the composting process. During the WWTP composting process, the change trend of NH4 + - N was consistent with the change of pH; the content of NO3 - N was very low at the beginning of composting, and increased with the composting reaction, while the content of NO2 - N was always at a low level; the content of easily degradable organic nitrogen component (A + B) in the compost varied greatly, and the content of (A + B) in the compost product decreased somewhat from 0 d to 48 D. During the B-WWTP composting process of d, the temperature of the compost was kept above 70 C, and the content of NH4 + - N increased. The continuous high temperature inhibited the growth and reproduction of nitrosobacteria and nitrifying bacteria, resulting in the low content of NO2 - N and NO3 - N. The content of easily degradable organic nitrogen component (A + B) in the compost of B plant and the peasant compost products of C plant showed a slow upward trend. The results showed that the average plant weight (fresh weight) of Pinus koraiensis was higher than that of the non-fertilizer and chemical fertilizer areas, and the SPAD value was not significantly different from that of the non-fertilizer areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X703;S141.4
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