水動力對太湖營養(yǎng)鹽循環(huán)及藻類生長的影響
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-09 08:19
【摘要】：在湖泊的富營養(yǎng)化過程中,除了人為作用會強烈的影響湖泊水環(huán)境外,氣候變化、湖泊水文水動力的變化也會對湖泊的富營養(yǎng)化產(chǎn)生影響。作為典型的大型淺水湖泊,研究表明水動力對太湖的富營養(yǎng)化有著一定的影響,但目前水動力對太湖的影響機制仍不十分明確。本研究通過應(yīng)用長序列太湖野外觀測數(shù)據(jù)分析了野外條件下水動力對營養(yǎng)鹽和藻類的影響;通過開展室內(nèi)模擬不同擾動強度和不同擾動時間的實驗研究,進一步探究了水動力對水-藻-沉積物體系下水體中營養(yǎng)鹽以及對藻類競爭生長的影響,可為水動力對太湖富營養(yǎng)化的影響機理研究提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)和理論依據(jù)。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)太湖長序列數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果顯示,在梅梁灣,隨著R(風速比平均水深)的增加,營養(yǎng)鹽和葉綠素a含量呈現(xiàn)出下降趨勢。太湖在藻類暴發(fā)季節(jié)和非藻類暴發(fā)季節(jié)存在不同的主導(dǎo)風向并影響著營養(yǎng)鹽和藻類在湖區(qū)的分布。研究區(qū)域存在兩個臨界風速,即日平均風速2.1和3.2 m·s-1,當風速位于兩個臨界風速之間時,其對應(yīng)的營養(yǎng)鹽和葉綠素a的含量明顯高于低臨界風速以下和高臨界風速以上對應(yīng)的營養(yǎng)鹽及葉綠素a含量。數(shù)據(jù)分析顯示,從1990年開始太湖地區(qū)的風速存在著明顯的下降趨勢,研究區(qū)域內(nèi)風速處于兩個臨界風速之間的頻率有所增加,有可能加劇太湖的富營養(yǎng)化。(2)不同擾動強度對營養(yǎng)鹽和藻類生長競爭影響的實驗?zāi)M研究顯示:與靜置處理組相比,不同擾動強度組(100,200,300,400rad/min)中水體的TN和TDN含量顯著升高(p0.05),主要是因為擾動會通過促進沉積物的再懸浮并向水體釋放溶解態(tài)氮。擾動對水中氨氮含量無明顯影響,可能與氨氮形態(tài)不穩(wěn)定,易轉(zhuǎn)化為其他形態(tài)有關(guān)。當擾動強度≥200rad/min后,水體TP和TDP含量顯著高于100rad/min擾動組及靜置處理組(p0.05)。擾動影響著沉積物或懸浮物向水體中釋放磷。模擬裝置中TDP含量較低,并隨著時間的增長呈下降趨勢,這可能主要與藻類對TDP的利用和沉積物對TDP的固著吸附有關(guān)。適當擾動條件下(100,200,3 300rad/min時)銅綠微囊藻細胞生物量比四尾柵藻顯著增高(p0.05),銅綠微囊藻生長優(yōu)勢更強。擾動強度超過一定強度后(本實驗顯示擾動強度400rad/min時)將抑制藻類的生長。(3)不同擾動時間對營養(yǎng)鹽和藻類生長競爭影響的實驗?zāi)M研究顯示:當固定擾動強度(200rad/min)下,不同持續(xù)擾動時間組(1h,4h,12h)水體中的TN和TDN含量明顯高于靜置狀態(tài)的對照組(p0.05),12h擾動組的TN含量顯著高于1h擾動處理組(p0.05),但不同擾動時長下的TDN含量差異不顯著。擾動時間的增加會通過增加水體中的懸浮物而增加水體中的TN含量。不同擾動時間處理組的TP和TDP含量均顯著高于靜置處理組(p0.05),擾動12h和4h對應(yīng)的TP含量也顯著高于1h擾動組(p0.05)。擾動12h的TDP含量顯著高于4h和1h擾動處理組(p0.05)。擾動時間增長有利于促進沉積物再懸浮和沉積物向水體中釋放磷。200rad/min擾動下,不同擾動時間對應(yīng)的葉綠素a含量均明顯高于靜置條件下(p0.05),且銅綠微囊藻比四尾柵藻生物量更高(p0.05),擾動條件下,銅綠微囊藻比四尾柵藻更有生長優(yōu)勢。但不同擾動時間(1h,4h,12h)對藻類的生物量沒有顯著性差異。
[Abstract]:In the process of eutrophication, the changes in the lake water environment, the changes of climate and the change of hydrodynamics of Lake hydrology will also affect the eutrophication of lakes. As a typical large shallow water lake, the study shows that the hydrodynamic force has a certain influence on the eutrophication of Taihu, but the hydrodynamic force is at present at present. The impact mechanism of Taihu is still not very clear. In this study, the effects of water dynamics on nutrients and algae were analyzed by using long series Taihu field observation data. Through the experimental study of different disturbance intensity and different disturbance time in indoor simulation, the water dynamic to water algae sediment system was further explored. The effects of medium nutrients and on the competitive growth of algae could provide basic data and theoretical basis for the study of the influence mechanism of hydrodynamics on Taihu eutrophication. The results showed that: (1) Taihu long sequence data analysis showed that the content of nutrients and chlorophyll a decreased with the increase of R (wind speed than average water depth) in Meiliang Bay. Trend. In Taihu, there are different dominant wind directions in the algal outbreak season and the non algal outbreak season, and affect the distribution of nutrients and algae in the lake area. There are two critical wind speeds, the daily average wind speed is 2.1 and 3.2 m. S-1. When the wind speed is between the two critical winds, the corresponding nutrient and chlorophyll a content is obvious. Higher than the low critical wind speed below and higher critical wind speed above the corresponding nutrients and chlorophyll a content. Data analysis showed that the wind speed in Taihu region began to decline obviously from 1990, the frequency of wind speed between the two critical winds increased in the study area, and it may aggravate the eutrophication of Taihu. (2) different disturbances. The experimental simulation of the effects of dynamic strength on the growth and competition of nutrients and algae showed that compared with the static treatment group, the content of TN and TDN in the water body increased significantly (P0.05) in the different disturbance intensity group (100200300400rad/min), mainly because the disturbance would promote the resuspension of the sediment and release the dissolved nitrogen to the water body. There is no obvious effect of nitrogen content, which may be unstable with the form of ammonia nitrogen and easily converted into other forms. When the intensity of disturbance is more than 200rad/min, the content of TP and TDP in water is significantly higher than that of the 100rad/min disturbance group and the stationary treatment group (P0.05). The disturbance affects the release of phosphorus from the sediment or suspended matter to the water body. The TDP content is low in the simulation device and along with the time. The growth between the TDP and the TDP was mainly related to the use of algae and the solid adsorption of sediments to TDP. The cell biomass of Microcystis aeruginosa cells increased significantly (P0.05), and the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa was stronger under the appropriate disturbance (100200,3 300rad/min), and the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa was stronger than that of four. The growth of algae was inhibited when the disturbance intensity of 400rad/min was shown. (3) the experimental simulation of the effects of different disturbance time on the growth competition of nutrients and algae showed that the content of TN and TDN in the water of different persistent disturbance time group (1H, 4h, 12h) was obviously higher than that of the control group (P0.05) and the 12h disturbance group under the fixed disturbance intensity (200rad/min). The content of TN is significantly higher than that of 1H disturbance treatment group (P0.05), but the difference of TDN content under different disturbances is not significant. The increase of the disturbance time will increase the TN content in the water body by increasing the suspended matter in the water body. The content of TP and TDP in the treatment group with different disturbance time is significantly higher than that of the stationary treatment group (P0.05), and the TP content of the disturbance 12h and 4H is the same. The amount of 12h was significantly higher than that of the 1H disturbance group (P0.05). The TDP content of the disturbed 12h was significantly higher than that of 4H and 1H disturbance treatment group (P0.05). The growth of the disturbance time was beneficial to promote the sediment resuspension and the release of phosphorus.200rad/min from the sediment to the water body. The chlorophyll a content corresponding to the different disturbance time was obviously higher than that under the static condition (P0.05), and the copper green micro was slightly higher. The biomass of cystis alga was higher than that of four (P0.05). Under the condition of disturbance, Microcystis aeruginosa had more growth advantages than four algae, but there was no significant difference in the biomass of algae with different disturbance time (1H, 4h, 12h).
【學位授予單位】：中國環(huán)境科學研究院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X524
[Abstract]:In the process of eutrophication, the changes in the lake water environment, the changes of climate and the change of hydrodynamics of Lake hydrology will also affect the eutrophication of lakes. As a typical large shallow water lake, the study shows that the hydrodynamic force has a certain influence on the eutrophication of Taihu, but the hydrodynamic force is at present at present. The impact mechanism of Taihu is still not very clear. In this study, the effects of water dynamics on nutrients and algae were analyzed by using long series Taihu field observation data. Through the experimental study of different disturbance intensity and different disturbance time in indoor simulation, the water dynamic to water algae sediment system was further explored. The effects of medium nutrients and on the competitive growth of algae could provide basic data and theoretical basis for the study of the influence mechanism of hydrodynamics on Taihu eutrophication. The results showed that: (1) Taihu long sequence data analysis showed that the content of nutrients and chlorophyll a decreased with the increase of R (wind speed than average water depth) in Meiliang Bay. Trend. In Taihu, there are different dominant wind directions in the algal outbreak season and the non algal outbreak season, and affect the distribution of nutrients and algae in the lake area. There are two critical wind speeds, the daily average wind speed is 2.1 and 3.2 m. S-1. When the wind speed is between the two critical winds, the corresponding nutrient and chlorophyll a content is obvious. Higher than the low critical wind speed below and higher critical wind speed above the corresponding nutrients and chlorophyll a content. Data analysis showed that the wind speed in Taihu region began to decline obviously from 1990, the frequency of wind speed between the two critical winds increased in the study area, and it may aggravate the eutrophication of Taihu. (2) different disturbances. The experimental simulation of the effects of dynamic strength on the growth and competition of nutrients and algae showed that compared with the static treatment group, the content of TN and TDN in the water body increased significantly (P0.05) in the different disturbance intensity group (100200300400rad/min), mainly because the disturbance would promote the resuspension of the sediment and release the dissolved nitrogen to the water body. There is no obvious effect of nitrogen content, which may be unstable with the form of ammonia nitrogen and easily converted into other forms. When the intensity of disturbance is more than 200rad/min, the content of TP and TDP in water is significantly higher than that of the 100rad/min disturbance group and the stationary treatment group (P0.05). The disturbance affects the release of phosphorus from the sediment or suspended matter to the water body. The TDP content is low in the simulation device and along with the time. The growth between the TDP and the TDP was mainly related to the use of algae and the solid adsorption of sediments to TDP. The cell biomass of Microcystis aeruginosa cells increased significantly (P0.05), and the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa was stronger under the appropriate disturbance (100200,3 300rad/min), and the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa was stronger than that of four. The growth of algae was inhibited when the disturbance intensity of 400rad/min was shown. (3) the experimental simulation of the effects of different disturbance time on the growth competition of nutrients and algae showed that the content of TN and TDN in the water of different persistent disturbance time group (1H, 4h, 12h) was obviously higher than that of the control group (P0.05) and the 12h disturbance group under the fixed disturbance intensity (200rad/min). The content of TN is significantly higher than that of 1H disturbance treatment group (P0.05), but the difference of TDN content under different disturbances is not significant. The increase of the disturbance time will increase the TN content in the water body by increasing the suspended matter in the water body. The content of TP and TDP in the treatment group with different disturbance time is significantly higher than that of the stationary treatment group (P0.05), and the TP content of the disturbance 12h and 4H is the same. The amount of 12h was significantly higher than that of the 1H disturbance group (P0.05). The TDP content of the disturbed 12h was significantly higher than that of 4H and 1H disturbance treatment group (P0.05). The growth of the disturbance time was beneficial to promote the sediment resuspension and the release of phosphorus.200rad/min from the sediment to the water body. The chlorophyll a content corresponding to the different disturbance time was obviously higher than that under the static condition (P0.05), and the copper green micro was slightly higher. The biomass of cystis alga was higher than that of four (P0.05). Under the condition of disturbance, Microcystis aeruginosa had more growth advantages than four algae, but there was no significant difference in the biomass of algae with different disturbance time (1H, 4h, 12h).
【學位授予單位】：中國環(huán)境科學研究院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X524
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