【摘要】：秸稈中含有大量營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素和有機(jī)物,經(jīng)人工處理后可作為飼料和肥料進(jìn)行廣泛應(yīng)用,但現(xiàn)有的處理技術(shù)大多存在占地面積大、耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)等問(wèn)題。本文基于蚯蚓處理有機(jī)固體廢棄物技術(shù),采用EM、VT1000、強(qiáng)興三種菌劑聯(lián)合蚯蚓,同時(shí)作用于秸稈與果皮蔬菜混合垃圾按不同配比混合的物料,建立微生物-蚯蚓耦合處理系統(tǒng),尋求系統(tǒng)最適的微生物菌劑和原料配比,以期在降解秸稈的同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)其資源化利用。探討微生物菌劑對(duì)秸稈性能的影響,結(jié)果表明:微生物菌劑對(duì)全碳、全氮、C/N具有降低作用,對(duì)速效磷和速效鉀具有提高作用,可加快半纖維素的降解。EM菌劑對(duì)全碳、速效磷和C/N的作用效果更好,VT1000菌劑對(duì)全氮、速效鉀和半纖維素的作用效果更好,各菌劑于物料配比3:2時(shí)處理效果最佳,此時(shí)采用EM菌劑處理后的物料全碳和C/N分別為8.19%和14.44,速效磷上升幅度為51.49%;采用VT1000菌劑處理后,物料全氮、速效鉀和半纖維素的變化幅度分別為54.75%、80.46%和60.09%。采用高通量測(cè)序技術(shù),探討微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)物料性能的影響,結(jié)果表明:EM菌劑處理的物料,優(yōu)勢(shì)菌群Unclassified-k-Fungi的相對(duì)豐度明顯高于其他菌劑的處理,而VT 1000菌劑處理的物料,優(yōu)勢(shì)菌群Acidobacteria相對(duì)豐度明顯高于其他菌劑的處理,前者對(duì)C/N變化具有影響,后者與全氮和速效鉀均有一定的相關(guān)性。探討微生物-蚯蚓耦合系統(tǒng)對(duì)秸稈處理的影響,研究表明:微生物-蚯蚓耦合系統(tǒng)對(duì)物料性能的影響與單獨(dú)使用微生物菌劑的影響規(guī)律基本一致,但變化幅度更大。以EM菌劑物料配比3:2時(shí),處理效果最佳,蚯蚓的日增重增殖倍數(shù)分別達(dá)到0.0484和0.1858;蚓糞中全碳、全氮、C/N分別為11.48%、0.66%、16.99,速效磷、速效鉀增長(zhǎng)幅度分別達(dá)到77.14%、75.34%,半纖維素降解率可達(dá)73.23%。采用X射線熒光光譜和傅里葉紅外光譜技術(shù),對(duì)EM菌劑和蚯蚓耦合處理配比3: 2的物料所產(chǎn)生的蚓糞進(jìn)行元素含量和有機(jī)成分分析。結(jié)果表明,該條件下植物生長(zhǎng)所必需的Mg、S、P、K等元素含量更高,其有機(jī)成分也發(fā)生了變化,具有做植物肥料的潛力。
[Abstract]:Straw contains a large amount of nutrients and organic matter, which can be widely used as feed and fertilizer after manual treatment. However, most of the existing treatment technologies have the problems of large area, long time consuming and so on. Based on the technology of earthworm treatment of organic solid waste, EMN VT1000 was used to combine with earthworm. At the same time, the system of microorganism and earthworm coupling treatment was established by using the mixture of straw and vegetable garbage mixed with different proportion. The optimum ratio of microbial agents and raw materials was sought in order to realize the utilization of straw as well as the degradation of straw. The effects of microbial fungicides on the performance of straw were discussed. The results showed that microbial fungicides could decrease the total carbon and total nitrogen C / N, increase the available phosphorus and potassium, and accelerate the degradation of hemicellulose. The effects of available phosphorus and C / N on total nitrogen, available potassium and hemicellulose were better. The total carbon and C / N of the materials treated with EM were 8.19% and 14.44, respectively, and the increase of available phosphorus was 51.49, and the changes of total nitrogen, available potassium and hemicellulose were 54.75% and 60.09%, respectively. The effects of microbial community structure on material properties were studied by high-throughput sequencing technique. The results showed that the relative abundance of Unclassified-k-Fungi of dominant microflora was significantly higher than that of other microbial agents, while that of VT 1000 was higher than that of VT 1000. The relative abundance of Acidobacteria in dominant microflora was significantly higher than that in other treatments. The former had an effect on the changes of C / N, while the latter had a certain correlation with total nitrogen and available potassium. The effect of microorganism-earthworm coupling system on straw treatment was discussed. The results showed that the effect of microorganism-earthworm coupling system on material performance was basically consistent with that of microorganism bacteria alone, but the change was larger. When the ratio of EM fungicides was 3:2, the average daily gain of earthworm reached 0.0484 and 0.1858 respectively, the total carbon and C / N of earthworm manure were 11.48 and 0.66% 16.99, the available phosphorus and available potassium increased 77.14 and 75.34, respectively, and the degradation rate of hemicellulose reached 73.23. The elemental content and organic composition of earthworm dung produced by the coupling treatment of EM bacteria and earthworm with 3: 2 ratio were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the content of essential elements, such as MgSS-PnK, was higher and the organic composition of the plant was also changed under this condition, which had the potential to be used as plant fertilizer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：黑龍江科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X17;X712

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