茅洲河沉積物重金屬分布特征及生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-01 11:51
【摘要】：重金屬污染來源廣、毒性強(qiáng),越來越受到國內(nèi)外專家、學(xué)者的關(guān)注。而河流沉積物是水體重金屬的主要富集場所,對河流沉積物重金屬含量及生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的評價(jià)可以在一定程度上為水體污染現(xiàn)狀了解和污染治理提供依據(jù)。本論文以深圳市第一大河——茅洲河上游、下游和沙井河支流為研究區(qū)域,布設(shè)采樣點(diǎn)位71個(gè),在沉積物深度0-400 cm范圍根據(jù)物理性狀的一致性和差異性分段切割,經(jīng)風(fēng)干、研磨、過篩及消解預(yù)處理,利用電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜(ICP-MS)儀測定重金屬含量分析重金屬在流域內(nèi)的分布特征并進(jìn)行生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)和相關(guān)性解析。得到的結(jié)論如下:(1)全流域重金屬含量排序?yàn)镃uZnCrNiPbCd,其中重金屬Cu平均含量高達(dá)809.17 mg·kg-1,是廣東省土壤環(huán)境背景值的101倍。重金屬含量在深度上的分布主要集中在表層0-100 cm的范圍內(nèi),總體趨勢為深度越深含量越低,表明茅洲河沿岸重金屬污染呈逐年加劇的趨勢。重金屬含量在不同分區(qū)上的分布情況大致為沙井河支流下游上游,總體來看沙井河污染最為嚴(yán)重,下游次之,上游相對較輕。(2)各重金屬污染高值區(qū)主要集中在交匯口附近,其中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb五種重金屬均分布在自干、支流交匯處開始的茅洲河下游段上,重金屬Cd的高值區(qū)污染帶則分布在交匯口上方的上游段和沙井河支流段上。(3)入海口斷面點(diǎn)位深度到達(dá)50-100 cm時(shí)各種金屬含量變化基本趨于穩(wěn)定,不會(huì)有急劇增加和降低,且越接近入�？诘臄嗝姹韺映练e物含量相對越高。對比同一斷面河流兩側(cè)的重金屬含量,河西岸明顯高于河?xùn)|岸,說明茅洲河受東莞工業(yè)污染影響高于深圳影響。(4)利用四種方法對茅洲河沉積物重金屬進(jìn)行生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià),評估結(jié)果表明,Cu生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最大,Cr、Pb都位列六種重金屬中的第五位和末位。除運(yùn)用Tomlinson污染負(fù)荷指數(shù)法生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Zn大于Ni,其余三種計(jì)算方法均為Ni大于Zn。從地累積指數(shù)法結(jié)果看,重金屬Cd雖然含量不及其他重金屬高,但其生態(tài)毒性較大,較低濃度能造成較大的生態(tài)危害。(5)茅洲河流域內(nèi)重金屬之間存在極強(qiáng)相關(guān)性或較強(qiáng)相關(guān)性,流域內(nèi)沉積物重金屬可能具有相似的來源或沉積轉(zhuǎn)化過程,來源主要可能為人為排污或生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)含重金屬廢棄物的排放。不同環(huán)境因子與沉積物重金屬在0.01水平上存在正相關(guān)性,重金屬和總磷相關(guān)性最顯著,在冗余分析中解釋了13.1%的重金屬含量變化,其次為有機(jī)質(zhì)(TC)、TN和含水率。粒徑小于250μm時(shí)與重金屬相關(guān)性最好,此粒度范圍內(nèi)更容易吸附重金屬Cr、Zn、Cd。
[Abstract]:Heavy metal pollution has been paid more and more attention by domestic and foreign experts and scholars because of its wide sources and strong toxicity. The river sediment is the main accumulation place of heavy metals in water body. The evaluation of heavy metal content and ecological risk of river sediment can provide the basis for the understanding of water pollution status and pollution control to a certain extent. Taking the upper, lower reaches and tributaries of Shajing River as the study area, 71 sampling sites were set up in this paper. The sampling sites were cut in the depth of 0-400 cm according to the consistency and difference of physical properties, and then dried by air. After grinding, sifting and digestion pretreatment, the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the basin were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the ecological risk assessment and correlation analysis were carried out. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the order of heavy metal content in the whole basin is CuZnCrNiPbCd2.The average content of heavy metal Cu is 809.17 mg 路kg ~ (-1), which is 101-fold of the background value of soil environment in Guangdong Province. The distribution of heavy metals in depth was mainly in the range of 0-100 cm in the surface layer, and the general trend was that the deeper the depth was, the lower the content of heavy metals was, which indicated that the pollution of heavy metals along the Maozhou River was increasing year by year. The distribution of heavy metal content in different zones is roughly upper reaches of tributaries of Shajing River. Generally speaking, the pollution of sand well river is the most serious, followed by the lower reaches, and the upper reaches are relatively light. (2) the high value areas of heavy metal pollution are mainly located near the junction. Among them, five heavy metals, Cr-NiNiCuZZn-Pb, are distributed in the lower reaches of Maozhou River, where the confluence of the main and tributaries begins. The pollution zone of heavy metal CD in high value area is distributed in the upstream section above the junction and in the tributary section of Shajing River. (3) when the depth of the cross section reaches 50-100 cm, the variation of various metal contents tends to be stable, and there will be no sharp increase or decrease. The higher the surface sediment content is, the closer it is to the mouth of the sea. Comparing the contents of heavy metals on both sides of the same section of the river, the west bank of the river is obviously higher than that of the east bank of the river, which indicates that the effect of industrial pollution on the Maozhou River is higher than that of Shenzhen. (4) the ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the sediment of Maozhou River is carried out by four methods. The results show that the ecological risk of Cu is the highest, and Cr-Pb is the fifth and last of the six heavy metals. Except that the ecological risk Zn of Tomlinson pollution load index is greater than that of Ni, the other three calculation methods are Ni > Zn. According to the results of soil accumulation index method, although CD content is not as high as other heavy metals, its ecotoxicity is higher, and lower concentration can cause great ecological harm. (5) there is a strong correlation or a strong correlation between heavy metals in Maozhou River Basin. The sediment heavy metals in the basin may have similar sources or processes of sedimentary transformation, and the main sources may be the discharge of heavy metal wastes from sewage or production activities. There was a positive correlation between different environmental factors and sediment heavy metals at 0.01 level, and the correlation between heavy metals and total phosphorus was the most significant. The variation of heavy metals content was explained by 13.1% in redundancy analysis, followed by organic matter (TC) TN and water content. When the particle size is less than 250 渭 m, the correlation with heavy metals is the best, and it is easier to adsorb the heavy metal Cr ~ (2 +) Zn ~ (2 +) CD in this range.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X522;X826
本文編號(hào)：2157487
[Abstract]:Heavy metal pollution has been paid more and more attention by domestic and foreign experts and scholars because of its wide sources and strong toxicity. The river sediment is the main accumulation place of heavy metals in water body. The evaluation of heavy metal content and ecological risk of river sediment can provide the basis for the understanding of water pollution status and pollution control to a certain extent. Taking the upper, lower reaches and tributaries of Shajing River as the study area, 71 sampling sites were set up in this paper. The sampling sites were cut in the depth of 0-400 cm according to the consistency and difference of physical properties, and then dried by air. After grinding, sifting and digestion pretreatment, the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the basin were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the ecological risk assessment and correlation analysis were carried out. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the order of heavy metal content in the whole basin is CuZnCrNiPbCd2.The average content of heavy metal Cu is 809.17 mg 路kg ~ (-1), which is 101-fold of the background value of soil environment in Guangdong Province. The distribution of heavy metals in depth was mainly in the range of 0-100 cm in the surface layer, and the general trend was that the deeper the depth was, the lower the content of heavy metals was, which indicated that the pollution of heavy metals along the Maozhou River was increasing year by year. The distribution of heavy metal content in different zones is roughly upper reaches of tributaries of Shajing River. Generally speaking, the pollution of sand well river is the most serious, followed by the lower reaches, and the upper reaches are relatively light. (2) the high value areas of heavy metal pollution are mainly located near the junction. Among them, five heavy metals, Cr-NiNiCuZZn-Pb, are distributed in the lower reaches of Maozhou River, where the confluence of the main and tributaries begins. The pollution zone of heavy metal CD in high value area is distributed in the upstream section above the junction and in the tributary section of Shajing River. (3) when the depth of the cross section reaches 50-100 cm, the variation of various metal contents tends to be stable, and there will be no sharp increase or decrease. The higher the surface sediment content is, the closer it is to the mouth of the sea. Comparing the contents of heavy metals on both sides of the same section of the river, the west bank of the river is obviously higher than that of the east bank of the river, which indicates that the effect of industrial pollution on the Maozhou River is higher than that of Shenzhen. (4) the ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the sediment of Maozhou River is carried out by four methods. The results show that the ecological risk of Cu is the highest, and Cr-Pb is the fifth and last of the six heavy metals. Except that the ecological risk Zn of Tomlinson pollution load index is greater than that of Ni, the other three calculation methods are Ni > Zn. According to the results of soil accumulation index method, although CD content is not as high as other heavy metals, its ecotoxicity is higher, and lower concentration can cause great ecological harm. (5) there is a strong correlation or a strong correlation between heavy metals in Maozhou River Basin. The sediment heavy metals in the basin may have similar sources or processes of sedimentary transformation, and the main sources may be the discharge of heavy metal wastes from sewage or production activities. There was a positive correlation between different environmental factors and sediment heavy metals at 0.01 level, and the correlation between heavy metals and total phosphorus was the most significant. The variation of heavy metals content was explained by 13.1% in redundancy analysis, followed by organic matter (TC) TN and water content. When the particle size is less than 250 渭 m, the correlation with heavy metals is the best, and it is easier to adsorb the heavy metal Cr ~ (2 +) Zn ~ (2 +) CD in this range.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X522;X826
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