當(dāng)代生態(tài)危機(jī)的資本邏輯解讀
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-31 17:03
【摘要】：隨著社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展生態(tài)危機(jī)問題儼然成為了當(dāng)代社會的主要矛盾,無處不在的霧霾、不斷滅絕的物種和日益增溫的氣候給人類帶來了不可估量的災(zāi)害,因此解決生態(tài)危機(jī)問題,走綠色發(fā)展道路是當(dāng)今社會的必然選擇。學(xué)者們分別從“人類中心主義”、“支配欲念說”、“技術(shù)理性”及“過度消費(fèi)”等方面分析了其中的原因,但是這些僅僅是導(dǎo)致生態(tài)危機(jī)的直接性原因。運(yùn)用馬克思主義理論對生態(tài)危機(jī)成因理論進(jìn)行解讀,層層剖析出當(dāng)代生態(tài)危機(jī)的本質(zhì)性因素是資本邏輯。首先利用實(shí)踐理論可以論證出人與自然之間的對立實(shí)質(zhì)上也是人與社會之間的一種對立,其次運(yùn)用異化勞動理論可以推論出造成人與社會之間對立的背后原因?qū)嵸|(zhì)上是人與人之間的對立,最后分析出造成人與人之間的對立的本質(zhì)性因素就是資本邏輯。資本邏輯是一種被物化的生產(chǎn)關(guān)系的矛盾運(yùn)動規(guī)律,在資本邏輯控制下的生產(chǎn)是一種被物化的資本擴(kuò)張規(guī)律,這其中包含了積累、生產(chǎn)、交換及消費(fèi)這四個環(huán)節(jié)。資本邏輯的雙重性決定了它不僅是社會發(fā)展的推動力,也是剝奪人類自由、毀壞生態(tài)環(huán)境的劊子手。馬克思在《資本論》中不僅闡釋了資本主義社會的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展規(guī)律,也在闡釋生產(chǎn)力與生產(chǎn)關(guān)系矛盾的同時論證了資本邏輯的運(yùn)作與生態(tài)環(huán)境之間對立性矛盾。資本為了積累忽視自然的內(nèi)在價值,大肆挖掘自然資源從而造成了生態(tài)資源枯竭甚至斷裂了自然可持續(xù)性,并且在資本積累擴(kuò)張的過程中對發(fā)展中國家進(jìn)行大規(guī)模的生態(tài)殖民從而造成了全球性的生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞;資本為了提高生產(chǎn)效率研發(fā)科學(xué)技術(shù),科技的發(fā)展不僅給人類帶來了物質(zhì)財富及生活便利,同時也研發(fā)出了許多自然環(huán)境不可溶解的物質(zhì)比如塑料合成物、化學(xué)藥品等,這些物質(zhì)給環(huán)境帶來了不可估量的破壞,可以說資本主義制度下的科技是對生態(tài)破壞的助推器;在資本邏輯操控下的資本運(yùn)行中,其永遠(yuǎn)追尋的是資本的交換價值,在這樣前提下的資本交換忽略了商品的使用價值,忽視了人類的真正需求,并且在資本的交換價值中是將大自然的內(nèi)在價值刨除在外的,使自然失去了主體性,僅僅成為了生產(chǎn)鏈條中被索取的客體,并且在資本中的“物以稀為貴”的原則下許多生態(tài)資源被人為的毀壞掉以獲得更高的交換價值;資本的消費(fèi),異化了人們的消費(fèi)觀,使人們盲目的追求奢侈品、時尚品,忽視了商品的使用價值,使人們被商品所俘虜,正是這種錯誤的消費(fèi)觀才拉動了資本的大量生產(chǎn),同時也產(chǎn)生了許多生產(chǎn)、生活垃圾排放至自然界之中。在資本邏輯的控制體制中“金錢至上”是唯一的價值觀,這種價值觀使得人們將金錢作為衡量一切的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),看似人們的生活質(zhì)量有所提高,實(shí)則是人類肉體及精神更深一層的被物質(zhì)所束縛,于是人類更加的將自然看成人類社會的附屬物,從而大肆的攫取來滿足自身的利益。在面對資本邏輯對生態(tài)環(huán)境的種種破壞時,構(gòu)建生態(tài)優(yōu)化新體系須從對資本邏輯的約束及超越兩個方面進(jìn)行。首先,是對資本邏輯制度下的生態(tài)環(huán)保措施及自我發(fā)展中克制性因素進(jìn)行約束,并且在資本運(yùn)行中要嚴(yán)格的把控各個環(huán)節(jié)的因素。其次,要從樹立正確的消費(fèi)理念及“生活邏輯”,重構(gòu)生態(tài)道德體系以及利用資本邏輯促進(jìn)人的全面發(fā)展這三個方面來對資本邏輯進(jìn)行一定的超越。最后,雖然在資本全球化的運(yùn)行下,徹底消除資本邏輯是有待商榷的但是要想根除生態(tài)危機(jī)其根本的途徑就是走共產(chǎn)主義道路。
[Abstract]:With the development of the social economy, the ecological crisis has become the main contradiction of the contemporary society. The ubiquitous haze, the ceaselessly extinct species and the warming climate have brought inestimable disasters to the human beings. Therefore, to solve the ecological crisis and take the road of green development is the inevitable choice of today's society. "Anthropocentrism", "dominating desire", "technical rationality" and "excessive consumption" are analyzed, but these are the direct causes of the ecological crisis. The theory of Marx doctrine is used to interpret the theory of the causes of the ecological crisis, and the essential factor of the layer analysis of the contemporary ecological crisis is the capital. First of all, we can demonstrate that the opposition between man and nature is in essence an antagonism between man and society. Secondly, by using the theory of alienation labor, the reason behind the opposition between the adult and the society is essentially the antagonism between man and man, and the final analysis of the antagonism between the man and the man is made. The essential factor is capital logic. Capital logic is a contradictory movement law of the materialized production relationship. Production under the control of capital logic is a kind of the law of capital expansion which is materialized, which includes the four links of accumulation, production, exchange and consumption. The dual nature of capital logic determines that it is not only a social development. The driving force is also the executioner who deprives human freedom and destroys the ecological environment. Marx not only explained the law of economic development in capitalist society, but also explained the contradiction between the productive forces and the relations of production, and demonstrated the contradiction between the operation of capital logic and the ecological environment. The intrinsic value of the exploitation of natural resources has resulted in the depletion of the ecological resources and even the natural sustainability, and the large-scale ecological colonization of the developing countries in the process of capital accumulation and expansion, resulting in the destruction of the global ecological environment, and the development of science and technology, technology and science and technology to improve production efficiency. Development not only brought material wealth and convenience to human beings, but also developed many natural environment insoluble substances such as plastic compound, chemical medicine and so on. These substances have brought inestimable damage to the environment. It can be said that the science and technology under the capitalist system is the booster of ecological destruction and the logic control of capital. In the capital operation, it always seeks the exchange value of capital. Under such premise, capital exchange ignores the use value of goods, ignores the real needs of human beings, and takes the intrinsic value of nature out of the exchange value of capital, so that it loses its subjectivity and only becomes the chain of production. Under the principle of the object being asked and the principle of "rare objects" in the capital, many ecological resources have been destroyed artificially to obtain higher exchange value; the consumption of capital alienated the people's consumption view, made people blindly pursue luxury goods, fashion goods, ignored the use value of commercial products, and made people captive by commodity, that is exactly that In the control system of capital logic, "money supremacy" is the only value in the control system of capital logic, which makes people think of money as a standard, which seems to have improved the quality of life. In fact, the human body and the spirit of the deeper layer of material constraints, so that human beings more regard nature as an appendage to human society, so that it is snatching to meet their own interests. In the face of the destruction of the ecological environment by capital logic, the construction of a new system of ecological optimization must be bound by and surpassing the capital logic two. First, it is to restrict the ecological environmental protection measures under the capital logic system and self-development, and to strictly control the factors of each link in the capital operation. Secondly, we should establish the correct consumption concept and "life logic", reconstruct the ecological moral system and use the capital logic to promote people. The overall development of the three aspects of the capital logic to a certain transcendence. Finally, although under the operation of capital globalization, the complete elimination of capital logic is debatable, but the fundamental way to eradicate the ecological crisis is to take the path of communism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F014;X2
本文編號：2156251
[Abstract]:With the development of the social economy, the ecological crisis has become the main contradiction of the contemporary society. The ubiquitous haze, the ceaselessly extinct species and the warming climate have brought inestimable disasters to the human beings. Therefore, to solve the ecological crisis and take the road of green development is the inevitable choice of today's society. "Anthropocentrism", "dominating desire", "technical rationality" and "excessive consumption" are analyzed, but these are the direct causes of the ecological crisis. The theory of Marx doctrine is used to interpret the theory of the causes of the ecological crisis, and the essential factor of the layer analysis of the contemporary ecological crisis is the capital. First of all, we can demonstrate that the opposition between man and nature is in essence an antagonism between man and society. Secondly, by using the theory of alienation labor, the reason behind the opposition between the adult and the society is essentially the antagonism between man and man, and the final analysis of the antagonism between the man and the man is made. The essential factor is capital logic. Capital logic is a contradictory movement law of the materialized production relationship. Production under the control of capital logic is a kind of the law of capital expansion which is materialized, which includes the four links of accumulation, production, exchange and consumption. The dual nature of capital logic determines that it is not only a social development. The driving force is also the executioner who deprives human freedom and destroys the ecological environment. Marx not only explained the law of economic development in capitalist society, but also explained the contradiction between the productive forces and the relations of production, and demonstrated the contradiction between the operation of capital logic and the ecological environment. The intrinsic value of the exploitation of natural resources has resulted in the depletion of the ecological resources and even the natural sustainability, and the large-scale ecological colonization of the developing countries in the process of capital accumulation and expansion, resulting in the destruction of the global ecological environment, and the development of science and technology, technology and science and technology to improve production efficiency. Development not only brought material wealth and convenience to human beings, but also developed many natural environment insoluble substances such as plastic compound, chemical medicine and so on. These substances have brought inestimable damage to the environment. It can be said that the science and technology under the capitalist system is the booster of ecological destruction and the logic control of capital. In the capital operation, it always seeks the exchange value of capital. Under such premise, capital exchange ignores the use value of goods, ignores the real needs of human beings, and takes the intrinsic value of nature out of the exchange value of capital, so that it loses its subjectivity and only becomes the chain of production. Under the principle of the object being asked and the principle of "rare objects" in the capital, many ecological resources have been destroyed artificially to obtain higher exchange value; the consumption of capital alienated the people's consumption view, made people blindly pursue luxury goods, fashion goods, ignored the use value of commercial products, and made people captive by commodity, that is exactly that In the control system of capital logic, "money supremacy" is the only value in the control system of capital logic, which makes people think of money as a standard, which seems to have improved the quality of life. In fact, the human body and the spirit of the deeper layer of material constraints, so that human beings more regard nature as an appendage to human society, so that it is snatching to meet their own interests. In the face of the destruction of the ecological environment by capital logic, the construction of a new system of ecological optimization must be bound by and surpassing the capital logic two. First, it is to restrict the ecological environmental protection measures under the capital logic system and self-development, and to strictly control the factors of each link in the capital operation. Secondly, we should establish the correct consumption concept and "life logic", reconstruct the ecological moral system and use the capital logic to promote people. The overall development of the three aspects of the capital logic to a certain transcendence. Finally, although under the operation of capital globalization, the complete elimination of capital logic is debatable, but the fundamental way to eradicate the ecological crisis is to take the path of communism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F014;X2
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