【摘要】：本文選用三種豆科植物紫花豌豆(Pisum sativum)、紫紅豇豆(Vigna unguiculata)和紫扁豆(Lablab purpureus)為試驗(yàn)材料。采用盆栽培養(yǎng)方式,研究三種豆科植物在銅(Cu)尾礦礦砂脅迫下的生長(zhǎng)指標(biāo)、抗性生理及對(duì)Cu尾礦修復(fù)潛力。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)通過(guò)盆栽試驗(yàn)研究不同Cu尾礦礦砂含量對(duì)三種豆科植物生長(zhǎng)和金屬離子富集的影響。研究表明,三種豆科植物對(duì)Cu尾礦礦砂具有一定的適應(yīng)能力,對(duì)純Cu尾礦的耐受能力以豌豆最強(qiáng),地上部和地下部干質(zhì)量均比純土壤中栽培的高。三種豆科植物的固氮能力,紫紅豇豆紫花豌豆紫扁豆。不同尾礦處理下三種豆科植物地上部和地下部Cu含量與對(duì)照相比上升顯著(P0.05)。三種豆科植物富集的Cu含量大部分停滯在根部,各處理下紫花豌豆和紫紅豇豆Cu遷移率均小于1。(2)通過(guò)Cu尾礦礦砂和土壤不同混合比脅迫試驗(yàn),研究Cu尾礦礦砂對(duì)三種豆科植物生理指標(biāo)的影響。研究表明,紫花豌豆幼苗與紫扁豆地上部分MDA含量均隨Cu尾砂含量的升高呈先升后降的趨勢(shì),紫紅豇豆幼苗和紫扁豆地下部MDA含量均有所下降。除紫花豌豆SOD活性逐漸升高和紫扁豆的地上部分CAT先升后降外,三種豆科植物其他酶活性均呈下降趨勢(shì)。紫花豌豆AsA和GSH含量、紫扁豆GSH含量均呈下降趨勢(shì),而紫紅豇豆GSH含量隨著Cu尾礦砂含量的增高而上升。(3)全尾礦處理下,研究三種豆科植物與黃菖蒲復(fù)合栽培對(duì)植物生長(zhǎng)、Cu富集及栽培基質(zhì)酶活性的影響。研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),生長(zhǎng)及耐性指數(shù)I+P處理H+I處理V+I處理,Cu2+的吸收量I+P處理I+H處理I+V處理,脲酶活性I+P處理I+V處理I+H處理,磷酸酶活性I+V處理其他兩種,脫氫酶活性I+P處理I+V處理I+H處理,電導(dǎo)率下降程度I+H處理I+V處理I+P處理。試驗(yàn)表明,黃菖蒲與紫花豌豆復(fù)合種植對(duì)Cu尾礦礦砂的修復(fù)能力最強(qiáng)。(4)通過(guò)對(duì)Cu尾礦施加氮磷鉀及菌肥,探討對(duì)栽培在其中兩種豆科植物生長(zhǎng)及Cu2+富集的影響。研究表明,氮磷鉀及菌肥對(duì)純Cu尾礦中栽植的紫紅豇豆耐性起促進(jìn)作用,對(duì)紫扁豆耐性未起到作用。在氮磷鉀及菌肥處理下紫紅豇豆對(duì)Cu的富集均顯著高于對(duì)照,紫扁豆對(duì)Cu富集只有菌肥處理下顯著高于對(duì)照,但是紫扁豆Cu富集系數(shù)和Cu遷移率均高于紫紅豇豆。研究結(jié)果表明,三種豆科植物均能夠在Cu尾礦礦砂中生長(zhǎng),可改善尾礦礦砂基質(zhì)的環(huán)境,并且吸收一定量的Cu,其中黃菖蒲與紫花豌豆復(fù)合種植對(duì)Cu尾礦礦砂的耐性及其修復(fù)能力最強(qiáng)。
[Abstract]:In this paper, three legume plants, (Pisum sativum), Violet cowpea, (Vigna unguiculata) and (Lablab purpureus), were used as experimental materials. The growth index, resistance physiology and remediation potential of three legume plants under copper (Cu) tailings stress were studied by pot culture. The main results are as follows: (1) the effects of different Cu tailings on the growth of three legume plants and the enrichment of metal ions were studied by pot experiment. The results showed that the three legume plants had a certain adaptability to Cu tailings, and pea had the strongest tolerance to pure Cu tailings, and the dry weight of both aboveground and underground parts was higher than that of pure soil. Nitrogen fixation ability of three legumes, purple cowpeas, peas and lentils. The contents of Cu in the aboveground and underground parts of three legume plants under different tailings treatments were significantly higher than those of the control (P0.05). The Cu content of the three legume plants was mostly stagnant at the root, and the Cu mobility of both purple pea and purple cowpea was less than 1. (2) the stress test of Cu tailings sand and soil with different mixing ratio was carried out. The effects of Cu tailings on the physiological indexes of three legumes were studied. The results showed that the content of MDA in the aboveground part of pea seedlings and lentils increased first and then decreased with the increase of Cu content, while the MDA content in the seedlings of Violet cowpea and in the underground part of purple lentils decreased. The activities of other enzymes in the three legumes showed a downward trend except that the SOD activity of pea rose gradually and the CAT of the aboveground part of purple lentils rose first and then decreased. The contents of AsA, GSH and GSH of purple lentils decreased, while the GSH content of Violet cowpea increased with the increase of Cu tailings. (3) under the treatment of whole tailings, the content of GSH increased. The effects of three legume plants and Acorus calamus on Cu enrichment and substrate enzyme activity were studied. The results showed that growth and tolerance index I P treatment, I treatment I treatment, I H treatment I H treatment I V treatment, urease activity I P treatment I V treatment I H treatment, phosphatase activity I V treatment other two kinds of treatment, I P treatment I H treatment, I H treatment I H treatment, Dehydrogenase activity I P treatment I V treatment I H treatment, I H treatment I H treatment. The results showed that the compound planting of Acorus calamus and pea had the strongest effect on the recovery of Cu tailings sand. (4) the effects of applying nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and bacterial fertilizer on the growth and Cu2 enrichment of two legume plants were studied by applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to Cu tailings. The results showed that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and bacterial fertilizer promoted the tolerance of purple cowpea planted in pure Cu tailings, but had no effect on the tolerance of purple lentils. The concentration of Cu in Violet cowpea was significantly higher than that in CK under nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and bacterial fertilizer treatments, while Cu concentration in Violet lentils was significantly higher than that in CK only under Bacterium-Fertilizer treatment, but Cu enrichment coefficient and Cu mobility in Violet lentils were higher than those in Violet cowpea. The results show that all three legume plants can grow in Cu tailings and improve the environment of tailings matrix. And absorb a certain amount of Cu, among which the compound planting of Acorus calamus and pea has the strongest tolerance and remediation ability to Cu tailings sand.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X753;X173

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