水生態(tài)的物種敏感性風(fēng)險評價方法改進(jìn)及應(yīng)用
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-25 08:01
【摘要】：水體受人為活動特別是化學(xué)品影響,出現(xiàn)水體藻華、物種減少、生態(tài)功能破壞等現(xiàn)象,存在水生態(tài)風(fēng)險,亟需解決如何用有限的實驗室數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)測野外水生態(tài)風(fēng)險。本研究以改進(jìn)水生態(tài)物種影響風(fēng)險評價方法為目標(biāo),在物種敏感性分布法(Species sensitivity distributions,SSDs)、種間相關(guān)性分析(Interspecies correlation estimation models,ICE)和急慢性比率法(Acute to chronic ratios,ACRs)的基礎(chǔ)上,選取藻毒素和抗生素為典型污染物,篩選文獻(xiàn)及全球數(shù)據(jù)庫中毒理實驗數(shù)據(jù),改進(jìn)ICE/ACR-SSD聯(lián)用水生態(tài)風(fēng)險評估模型,評價中國某些水體藻毒素和抗生素的生態(tài)風(fēng)險。試圖明晰水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)受到的物種多樣性風(fēng)險程度,為水環(huán)境質(zhì)量管理提供決策支持。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)改進(jìn)了四種藻毒素的水生態(tài)風(fēng)險評估ICE-SSD聯(lián)用模型。選擇肝毒素和神經(jīng)毒素兩類藻毒素,取肝毒素中的節(jié)球藻毒素和柱孢藻毒素、神經(jīng)毒素中的類毒素和貝毒素作為4種藻毒素代表,查閱Web of Science收錄的1864-2016年間1629篇相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)、ECOTOX毒性數(shù)據(jù)庫,收集毒性數(shù)據(jù),并通過ICE模型外推未知物種急性毒性數(shù)據(jù)共得到64個水生生物物種的71組急性毒性數(shù)據(jù)(LC50/EC50),改進(jìn)水生生物ICE-SSD方程;以保護(hù)95%物種為目標(biāo),計算藻毒素的水生態(tài)風(fēng)險閾值(Hazardous concentration for 5%of species,HC5)以及不同濃度暴露下的潛在影響比例(Potentially affected fraction,PAF)。結(jié)果顯示:肝毒素和神經(jīng)毒素對水生物種的敏感性未呈顯著差異規(guī)律,肝毒素中的節(jié)球藻毒素、柱孢藻毒素和神經(jīng)毒素中的類毒素、貝毒素對全部物種的HC5值分別為74.96μg·L-1、205.39μg·L-1、194.39μg·L-1、0.3μg·L-1;貝毒素在水環(huán)境暴露濃度下帶來的水生態(tài)風(fēng)險最大,貝毒素在檢出濃度范圍1-100μg·L-1下PAF值為7.8-43.2%,這與貝毒素因阻礙細(xì)胞離子通道作用而產(chǎn)生最高毒性的研究結(jié)果相一致。(2)改進(jìn)了六種抗生素的水生態(tài)風(fēng)險評估ACR-SSD聯(lián)用模型。選擇磺胺類、四環(huán)素類和大環(huán)內(nèi)脂類三類抗生素,以磺胺類中的磺胺甲惡唑和磺胺二甲嘧啶、四環(huán)素類中的四環(huán)素和氧四環(huán)素、大環(huán)內(nèi)脂類中的紅霉素和羅紅霉素為6種抗生素代表,查閱ECOTOX和WikiPharma毒性數(shù)據(jù)庫、Web of Science和中國知網(wǎng)收錄的1864-2016年間7045篇相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),收集毒性數(shù)據(jù),通過ACR法計算未知物種的慢性毒性數(shù)據(jù),共得到79個水生生物物種的144組慢性毒性數(shù)據(jù)(LOEC/NOEC),改進(jìn)水生生物ACR-SSD方程;分析抗生素對全部物種的HC5閾值和模擬濃度暴露情境下的PAF值,并進(jìn)一步分析毒性較大的四環(huán)素和紅霉素對水生初級生產(chǎn)者的風(fēng)險程度。結(jié)果顯示:磺胺類、四環(huán)素類和大環(huán)內(nèi)脂類抗生素對水生物種的敏感性未呈顯著差異規(guī)律,其中以大環(huán)內(nèi)脂類中的紅霉素水生態(tài)風(fēng)險最高、四環(huán)素類中的四環(huán)素水生態(tài)風(fēng)險次高;磺胺甲惡唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶、四環(huán)素、氧四環(huán)素、紅霉素和羅紅霉素對全部物種的HC5值分別為34.98μg·L-1、555.64μg·L-1、10.95μg·L-1、60.87μg·L-1、2.08μg·L-1、19.44μg·L-1;水生初級生產(chǎn)者對紅霉素的敏感性較高,紅霉素在水環(huán)境濃度5μg·L-1下對初級生產(chǎn)者的PAF值為19.16%,結(jié)果與相關(guān)研究認(rèn)為初級生產(chǎn)者是更易受抗生素影響的水生物種結(jié)論相一致。(3)評價了兩種藻毒素和四種抗生素分別在中國某些水庫和河流中對物種的影響,結(jié)果呈非顯著生態(tài)風(fēng)險。查閱Web of Science和中國知網(wǎng)收錄的1864-2016年間5831篇相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),獲取廣東省水濂山水庫柱孢藻毒素和河北省洋河水庫類毒素的污染濃度監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)、篩選長江(三角洲地區(qū))磺胺甲惡唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶、四環(huán)素、氧四環(huán)素4種抗生素和珠江(三角洲地區(qū))磺胺甲惡唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶、紅霉素、羅紅霉素4種抗生素的污染濃度監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù);分別采用ICE-SSD、ACR-SSD聯(lián)用模型計算藻毒素和抗生素的PAF值。結(jié)果顯示:廣東省水濂山水庫柱孢藻毒素和河北省洋河水庫類毒素的水生態(tài)風(fēng)險不顯著,柱孢藻毒素和類毒素對全部物種的PAF分別為0.1%、0.01%,均低于美國環(huán)保署(USEPA)推薦的水生態(tài)物種保護(hù)閾值5%;長江水域4種抗生素的水生態(tài)風(fēng)險不顯著,珠江水域4種抗生素的水生態(tài)風(fēng)險亦不顯著,長江水域中各種抗生素對全部物種的PAF不超過0.17%、珠江水域中各種抗生素對全部物種的PAF不大于0.59%,均小于5%,比較研究顯不長江和珠江水域抗生素的水生態(tài)風(fēng)險水平與泰國漁業(yè)水域相似,抗生素均未表現(xiàn)出對水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的顯著風(fēng)險。
[Abstract]:Water body is affected by human activities, especially chemicals, the phenomenon of water algae bloom, species reduction, ecological function damage and so on, there is water ecological risk. It is urgent to solve the problem of how to predict the ecological risk in the field with limited laboratory data. This study aims at improving the assessment method of the impact of the water ecological species on the risk of risk. In the species sensitivity distribution method (Spe Cies sensitivity distributions, SSDs), on the basis of interspecific correlation analysis (Interspecies correlation estimation models, ICE) and acute and chronic ratio method (Acute to chronic), selection of algae toxin and antibiotics as typical pollutants, screening literature and the toxicological experimental data in the global database to improve the combined use of aquatic products. The model of state risk assessment is used to evaluate the ecological risk of algae toxins and antibiotics in some water bodies in China. To clarify the risk degree of species diversity under water ecosystem, and to provide decision support for water environmental quality management. The main results are as follows: (1) improving the ICE-SSD combined model of water ecological risk assessment of four kinds of alga toxin. Two kinds of algae toxin and neurotoxin, the toxoid of cystosporin and cyclosporin in the liver toxin, the toxin and the beta toxin in the neurotoxin as 4 kinds of alga toxin, refer to the 1629 relevant literature of 1864-2016 years in Web of Science, the toxic database of ECOTOX, collect the toxic data, and extrapolate the unknown species through the ICE model. A total of 71 groups of acute toxicity data (LC50/EC50) of 64 aquatic species were obtained to improve the ICE-SSD equation of aquatic organisms; to protect the 95% species as the target, the water ecological risk threshold (Hazardous concentration for 5%of species, HC5) and the potential impact ratio (Potentially affected FR) under different concentrations (Potentially affected FR) were calculated. Action, PAF). The results showed that the sensitivity of hepatotoxin and neurotoxin to aquatic species was not significantly different, the toxoid of cystosporin, cyanobacteria toxin and neurotoxin in hepatotoxin, and the HC5 value of beta toxin to all species were 74.96 mu g, L-1205.39, L-1194.39, L-1194.39, L-1194.39, L-1,0.3, and L-1,0.3 mu g. The ecological risk of water caused by exposure concentration is the largest, and the PAF value of the beta toxin at the detected concentration range of 1-100 G. L-1 is 7.8-43.2%, which is in accordance with the results of the highest toxicity of the beta toxin which hinders the role of the cell ion channel. (2) the water ecological wind risk assessment of six antibiotics is improved by the ACR-SSD combined model. Three classes of antibiotics, such as sulfamethoxazole and sulfadiazine in sulfonamides, tetracycline and oxytetracycline in tetracycline, erythromycin and roxithromycin in large rings of 6 kinds of antibiotics, refer to the ECOTOX and WikiPharma toxicity database, Web of Science and 1864-2016 years of Chinese knowledge net. 7045 related literatures were collected to collect the toxic data and the ACR method was used to calculate the chronic toxic data of unknown species. 144 groups of chronic toxicity data (LOEC/NOEC) of 79 aquatic species were obtained, and the ACR-SSD equation of aquatic organisms was improved. The HC5 threshold of all species and the PAF value under simulated concentration exposure were analyzed, and the analysis was further analyzed. The high toxicity of tetracycline and erythromycin to aquatic primary producers showed that the sensitivity of sulfonamides, tetracycline and macrocyclic lipid antibiotics to aquatic species was not significantly different, among which the ecological risk of erythromycin water in the macrocyclic lipids was the highest and the tetracycline in the tetracycline was higher in ecological risk. The HC5 values of sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, erythromycin and roxithromycin were 34.98 mu g. L-1555.64, G, L-1,10.95, L-1,60.87, L-1,2.08, L-1,2.08, G. L-1,19.44 micronux, respectively; the water primary producers were sensitive to erythromycin, and erythromycin was at the beginning of water environment concentration. The PAF value of the class producer was 19.16%, and the results agreed with the related research that the primary producers were more susceptible to the aquatic species conclusion affected by antibiotics. (3) the effects of two kinds of alga toxin and four kinds of antibiotics on species in some Chinese reservoirs and rivers were evaluated, and the results showed non significant ecological risk. Refer to the Web of Science and China knowledge. In the past 1864-2016 years, 5831 relevant documents were collected to obtain the monitoring data of the pollution concentration of the toxoid of Guangdong water Lian Shui Shan reservoir and the the Yanghe River reservoir in Hebei Province, and to screen the sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, 4 kinds of antibiotics and sulfamethoxazole in the Pearl River (Delta region), and sulfonamoxazole in the Yangtze River (Delta region) and sulfonamoxazole in the Pearl River (Delta region). The contamination concentration monitoring data of 4 kinds of amines two methazine, erythromycin and roxithromycin were monitored. The ICE-SSD and ACR-SSD combined models were used to calculate the PAF value of the alga toxin and antibiotics respectively. The results showed that the water ecological risk of the cyclosporine toxin and the toxoid of the Yanghe River reservoir in Hebei province was not significant, and the cyanobacteria and toxoid were not significant. The PAF of all species was 0.1% and 0.01%, respectively, which were lower than 5% of the aquatic ecological species protection threshold recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the water ecological risk of 4 antibiotics in the Yangtze River waters was not significant, and the water ecological risk of 4 antibiotics in the Pearl River waters was not significant, and the PAF of all kinds of antibiotics in the Yangtze River waters was not more than 0.17% of all species in the Pearl River waters. The PAF of all kinds of antibiotics was less than 0.59% in all species and less than 5%. The comparative study of the water ecological risk of antibiotics in the Yangtze and Pearl River waters was similar to that of the Thailand fishery waters, and all the antibiotics did not show significant risk to the water ecosystem.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X826
本文編號：2143158
[Abstract]:Water body is affected by human activities, especially chemicals, the phenomenon of water algae bloom, species reduction, ecological function damage and so on, there is water ecological risk. It is urgent to solve the problem of how to predict the ecological risk in the field with limited laboratory data. This study aims at improving the assessment method of the impact of the water ecological species on the risk of risk. In the species sensitivity distribution method (Spe Cies sensitivity distributions, SSDs), on the basis of interspecific correlation analysis (Interspecies correlation estimation models, ICE) and acute and chronic ratio method (Acute to chronic), selection of algae toxin and antibiotics as typical pollutants, screening literature and the toxicological experimental data in the global database to improve the combined use of aquatic products. The model of state risk assessment is used to evaluate the ecological risk of algae toxins and antibiotics in some water bodies in China. To clarify the risk degree of species diversity under water ecosystem, and to provide decision support for water environmental quality management. The main results are as follows: (1) improving the ICE-SSD combined model of water ecological risk assessment of four kinds of alga toxin. Two kinds of algae toxin and neurotoxin, the toxoid of cystosporin and cyclosporin in the liver toxin, the toxin and the beta toxin in the neurotoxin as 4 kinds of alga toxin, refer to the 1629 relevant literature of 1864-2016 years in Web of Science, the toxic database of ECOTOX, collect the toxic data, and extrapolate the unknown species through the ICE model. A total of 71 groups of acute toxicity data (LC50/EC50) of 64 aquatic species were obtained to improve the ICE-SSD equation of aquatic organisms; to protect the 95% species as the target, the water ecological risk threshold (Hazardous concentration for 5%of species, HC5) and the potential impact ratio (Potentially affected FR) under different concentrations (Potentially affected FR) were calculated. Action, PAF). The results showed that the sensitivity of hepatotoxin and neurotoxin to aquatic species was not significantly different, the toxoid of cystosporin, cyanobacteria toxin and neurotoxin in hepatotoxin, and the HC5 value of beta toxin to all species were 74.96 mu g, L-1205.39, L-1194.39, L-1194.39, L-1194.39, L-1,0.3, and L-1,0.3 mu g. The ecological risk of water caused by exposure concentration is the largest, and the PAF value of the beta toxin at the detected concentration range of 1-100 G. L-1 is 7.8-43.2%, which is in accordance with the results of the highest toxicity of the beta toxin which hinders the role of the cell ion channel. (2) the water ecological wind risk assessment of six antibiotics is improved by the ACR-SSD combined model. Three classes of antibiotics, such as sulfamethoxazole and sulfadiazine in sulfonamides, tetracycline and oxytetracycline in tetracycline, erythromycin and roxithromycin in large rings of 6 kinds of antibiotics, refer to the ECOTOX and WikiPharma toxicity database, Web of Science and 1864-2016 years of Chinese knowledge net. 7045 related literatures were collected to collect the toxic data and the ACR method was used to calculate the chronic toxic data of unknown species. 144 groups of chronic toxicity data (LOEC/NOEC) of 79 aquatic species were obtained, and the ACR-SSD equation of aquatic organisms was improved. The HC5 threshold of all species and the PAF value under simulated concentration exposure were analyzed, and the analysis was further analyzed. The high toxicity of tetracycline and erythromycin to aquatic primary producers showed that the sensitivity of sulfonamides, tetracycline and macrocyclic lipid antibiotics to aquatic species was not significantly different, among which the ecological risk of erythromycin water in the macrocyclic lipids was the highest and the tetracycline in the tetracycline was higher in ecological risk. The HC5 values of sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, erythromycin and roxithromycin were 34.98 mu g. L-1555.64, G, L-1,10.95, L-1,60.87, L-1,2.08, L-1,2.08, G. L-1,19.44 micronux, respectively; the water primary producers were sensitive to erythromycin, and erythromycin was at the beginning of water environment concentration. The PAF value of the class producer was 19.16%, and the results agreed with the related research that the primary producers were more susceptible to the aquatic species conclusion affected by antibiotics. (3) the effects of two kinds of alga toxin and four kinds of antibiotics on species in some Chinese reservoirs and rivers were evaluated, and the results showed non significant ecological risk. Refer to the Web of Science and China knowledge. In the past 1864-2016 years, 5831 relevant documents were collected to obtain the monitoring data of the pollution concentration of the toxoid of Guangdong water Lian Shui Shan reservoir and the the Yanghe River reservoir in Hebei Province, and to screen the sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, 4 kinds of antibiotics and sulfamethoxazole in the Pearl River (Delta region), and sulfonamoxazole in the Yangtze River (Delta region) and sulfonamoxazole in the Pearl River (Delta region). The contamination concentration monitoring data of 4 kinds of amines two methazine, erythromycin and roxithromycin were monitored. The ICE-SSD and ACR-SSD combined models were used to calculate the PAF value of the alga toxin and antibiotics respectively. The results showed that the water ecological risk of the cyclosporine toxin and the toxoid of the Yanghe River reservoir in Hebei province was not significant, and the cyanobacteria and toxoid were not significant. The PAF of all species was 0.1% and 0.01%, respectively, which were lower than 5% of the aquatic ecological species protection threshold recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the water ecological risk of 4 antibiotics in the Yangtze River waters was not significant, and the water ecological risk of 4 antibiotics in the Pearl River waters was not significant, and the PAF of all kinds of antibiotics in the Yangtze River waters was not more than 0.17% of all species in the Pearl River waters. The PAF of all kinds of antibiotics was less than 0.59% in all species and less than 5%. The comparative study of the water ecological risk of antibiotics in the Yangtze and Pearl River waters was similar to that of the Thailand fishery waters, and all the antibiotics did not show significant risk to the water ecosystem.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X826
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