污染物在鋁污泥雨水生物滯留系統(tǒng)中去除遷移特性
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-23 18:42
【摘要】：雨水徑流中所攜帶的污染物會對水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)以及水環(huán)境產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的影響。給水廠剩余鋁污泥對磷等多種徑流污染物具有很強吸附性,將鋁污泥用作生物滯留系統(tǒng)填料以去除雨水徑流中的污染物,具有實用性和經(jīng)濟性,這不僅發(fā)揮了鋁污泥對水體污染物優(yōu)良的吸附和滯留作用,同時這也是對鋁污泥的一種資源化利用。鋁污泥基質(zhì)生物滯留系統(tǒng)是一種極具應(yīng)用前景的雨水管理技術(shù)。本課題首先對典型水廠的鋁污泥性質(zhì)進行了檢測,通過XRD、XRF、BET等方法探討了其組分和內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)特征,確定了鋁污泥成分、內(nèi)部孔隙率和孔徑分布以及其比表面積等物理特性。同時在25oC的條件下對鋁污泥吸附磷的性能進行了等溫吸附試驗,以探究鋁污泥對磷的吸附特征。鋁污泥改良雨水生物滯留系統(tǒng)試驗通過設(shè)置兩組滯留系統(tǒng)模擬柱,分別裝砂土和添加質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為10%的鋁污泥砂土兩種填料,通過監(jiān)測生物滯留系統(tǒng)內(nèi)不同填料層出水污染物濃度指標(biāo)的變化情況,更直觀的了解污染物在生物滯留系統(tǒng)中的去除和遷移。另外設(shè)計四套生物滯留模擬箱裝置,分別考察了砂土基質(zhì)和砂土鋁污泥基質(zhì)生物滯留系統(tǒng)在有無種植植物的條件下對污染物的去除狀況,以了解生物滯留系統(tǒng)中植物對污染物去除的影響。通過一系列試驗得到以下結(jié)論。(1)鋁污泥的XRF分析表明試驗所取鋁污泥中鋁鐵含量較高(Al、Fe的含量分別為6.74%和15.9%),P的本底值很底,僅占0.0691%,鋁污泥比面積為126.44m~2/g,平均孔徑為5.02 nm,內(nèi)部孔隙主要以介孔為主。鋁污泥對P飽和吸附量為19.01mg/g。鋁污泥對磷具有優(yōu)秀的吸附去除能力,其吸附量和吸附親和力均優(yōu)于一般雨水生物滯留填料。(2)鋁污泥改良后的生物滯留系統(tǒng)在整個運行階段均表現(xiàn)出持續(xù)、高效的除磷能力,在試驗期間,進水磷濃度為3.0-7.0mg/L,進水總量約2600L,從距填料層上端20cm處開始,出水TP濃度基本能保持在0.01-0.04mg/L之間,上端20cm填料層處對TP的平均去除率已達到95%左右。相比之下砂土基質(zhì)生物滯留系統(tǒng)對P的吸附能力顯得不足,試驗開始后填料由上往下對P的吸附逐漸飽和�？梢�,使用20cm厚砂土鋁污泥基質(zhì)可以達到理想的TP去除效果(3)生物滯留系統(tǒng)對雨水徑流的NH_4~+-N去除機理主要有填料吸附,硝酸菌的硝化作用和植物的吸收作用等,在本試驗中,生物滯留系統(tǒng)通過硝化作用對NH_4~+-N的去除所占的比例在22.5%-30%之間。砂土和砂土鋁污泥兩組生物滯留系統(tǒng)進水流經(jīng)填料后,從距填料層上端20cm處徑流內(nèi)NH_4~+-N基本被完全去除,最終,砂土基質(zhì)生物滯留系統(tǒng)對NH_4~+-N的平均去除率為98.8%,稍高于砂土鋁污泥系統(tǒng)的94.4%。砂土生物滯留系統(tǒng)和砂土鋁污泥生物滯留系統(tǒng)對NO_3~--N的平均去除率分別為27%和24.9%。系統(tǒng)對NO_3~--N的去除效果較差,效果不穩(wěn)定,其濃度的減小主要發(fā)生在生物滯留模擬柱的下部40-60cm處。兩生物滯留系統(tǒng)對TN的去除率也相對較低,在27.8-39.5%之間,從試驗結(jié)果看,由于填料粒徑的關(guān)系,與砂土生物滯留系統(tǒng)相比,鋁污泥的加入并沒有對TN的去除起到明顯的積極作用。(4)試驗進水COD濃度為140-200mg/L,隨著填料深度的增加COD的去除率隨之增大。兩種生物滯留系統(tǒng)種植土層對COD的去除率均在15%上下,砂土鋁污泥填料和砂土填料生物滯留系統(tǒng)生物滯留系統(tǒng)底部的取水口處兩系統(tǒng)的最終出水COD平均濃度分別為38.6mg/L與17.1mg/L,平均COD去除率分別達到78.7%與90.5%,可見砂土填料生物滯留系統(tǒng)對COD的去除效果優(yōu)于砂土鋁污泥生物滯留系統(tǒng)。與砂土生物滯留系統(tǒng)相比,鋁污泥的加入同樣沒有對COD的去除起到明顯的積極作用。(5)在實際應(yīng)用中,使用20cm厚砂土鋁污泥填料可以達到理想的TP去除效果。但從TN和COD去除的角度考慮,填料層越深去除效率越高。同時,由于粒徑的影響,在砂土填料中添加鋁污泥可能導(dǎo)致COD、TN去除率稍微降低。(6)生物滯留模擬箱模擬結(jié)果表明,砂土鋁污泥基質(zhì)生物滯留系統(tǒng),種植植物后種植土層對TP的平均去除率提高6%左右,對于最終出水,兩者相差不明顯,這是因為砂土鋁污泥對TP的吸附固定能力強且穩(wěn)定。對砂土生物滯留系統(tǒng)來說,不種植物與種植植物后種植土層對TP的平均去除率同樣提高6%左右,對于最終出水,與不種植物砂土生物滯留系統(tǒng)相比,最終出水TP去除率提高4%左右。(7)砂土鋁污泥生物滯留系統(tǒng)和砂土生物滯留系統(tǒng)種植植物后種植土層對NH_4~+-N平均去除率提高5%-10%左右,但砂土鋁污泥系統(tǒng)的最終出水NH_4~+-N去除率的提高不足1%,砂土系統(tǒng)最終出水NH_4~+-N去除率的提高2%左右,可見種植植物在種植土層對NH_4~+-N的最終去除率有小幅度提高作用,但對最終出水的強化作用不明顯。兩系統(tǒng)中,種植植物后種植土層對NO_3~--N平均去除率均提高3%左右,最終出水砂土鋁污泥生物滯留系統(tǒng)對NO_3~--N去除率的提高1%左右,砂土生物滯留系統(tǒng)提高2%左右。對兩生物滯留系統(tǒng),種植植物后種植土層和最終出水對TN平均去除率均提高5%左右,可見,植物對TN的去除增強5%左右。(8)進水COD濃度為140-220 mg/L,砂土鋁污泥系統(tǒng)在不種植植物的情況下,種植土層COD平均去除率為11.0%,種植植物時,種植土層COD平均去除率為15.4%,無植物時,底部系統(tǒng)COD平均出平均去除率為70.6%,種植植物時,系統(tǒng)底部COD平均去除率為75%,可見砂土鋁污泥系統(tǒng)中,種植植物后種植土層和最終出水對COD平均去除率提高5%左右。砂土生物滯留系統(tǒng)種植植物后種植土層和最終出水對COD平均去除率均也提高5%左右。種植植物后生物滯留系統(tǒng)對COD平均去除率均提高5%左右。(9)植物、微生物和基質(zhì)在生物滯留中相互協(xié)同去除磷和其他污染物,植物在生物滯留系統(tǒng)中是不可或缺的部分,生物滯留系統(tǒng)中的植物不止有美化作用,還對雨水中各種污染物均有不同程度的促進作用。
[Abstract]:The pollutants carried in the rainwater runoff have a serious effect on the water ecosystem and the water environment. The remaining aluminum sludge of the water plant has a strong adsorbability to a variety of runoff pollutants such as phosphorus. It is practical and economical to use aluminum sludge as a biological retention system filler to remove the pollutants in the rainwater runoff. Sludge has a good adsorption and retention effect on water pollutants, and it is also a resource utilization of aluminum sludge. The aluminum sludge matrix biological retention system is a very promising rain management technology. Firstly, the properties of the aluminum sludge in the typical water plant were detected, and its components were discussed by XRD, XRF, BET and other methods. The physical characteristics of the aluminum sludge composition, internal porosity and pore size distribution and its specific surface area were determined. At the same time, the adsorption of phosphorus on the aluminum sludge was tested under the condition of 25oC, in order to explore the adsorption characteristics of the aluminum sludge on the phosphorus. The experiment of the biological retention system for the modified rainwater of the aluminum sludge was set up by two The simulation column of the group retention system is loaded with sand and two kinds of filler in the aluminum sludge sand with 10% mass fraction respectively. By monitoring the change of the pollutant concentration index of the effluent in the biological retention system, the removal and migration of pollutants in the biological retention system are more intuitively understood. In addition, four sets of biological retention simulation boxes are designed. In order to understand the removal of pollutants in the biological retention system, the effects of plants on the removal of pollutants in the biological retention system were investigated. The following conclusions were obtained by a series of experiments. (1) XRF analysis of aluminum sludge showed that aluminum in the sludge was taken from the aluminum sludge. The content of iron is higher (Al, Fe content is 6.74% and 15.9%), the background value of P is only 0.0691%, the specific area of aluminum sludge is 126.44m~2/g, the average pore size is 5.02 nm, the inner pore is mainly mesoporous. The saturated adsorption capacity of aluminum sludge to P is 19.01mg/g. aluminum sludge with excellent adsorption and removal capacity, its adsorption capacity and adsorption affinity. (2) the biological retention system after the improvement of aluminum sludge showed continuous and efficient phosphorus removal ability during the whole operation stage. During the experiment, the concentration of influent phosphorus was 3.0-7.0mg/L and the total amount of water was about 2600L. From the 20cm of the top end of the packing layer, the TP concentration of the effluent could be kept at 0.01-0.04mg/L basically. The average removal rate of TP at the upper end 20cm filling layer has reached about 95%. In contrast, the adsorption capacity of P by the sand matrix biological retention system appears insufficient. After the experiment, the adsorption of the filler from the upper to the lower P is gradually saturated. Thus, the ideal TP removal effect (3) biological retention system can be achieved by using the 20cm thick sandy soil sludge matrix. The NH_4~+-N removal mechanism of rainwater runoff mainly consists of packing adsorption, nitrification of nitrate bacteria and absorption of plants. In this experiment, the proportion of the removal of NH_4~+-N in the biological retention system by nitrification is between 22.5%-30%. The sand soil and the sand soil sludge two raw material retention systems flow through the filler and from the filler. At the upper end of 20cm, the NH_4~+-N in the runoff was completely removed. Finally, the average removal rate of NH_4~+-N was 98.8%, which was slightly higher than the 94.4%. sand biological retention system of the sands aluminum sludge system and the average removal rate of NO_3~--N by 27% and 24.9%. system to NO_3~--N, respectively. The removal efficiency is poor and the effect is unstable. The decrease of the concentration is mainly in the lower 40-60cm of the biological retention simulation column. Two the removal rate of TN is relatively low in the biological retention system. From the experimental results, the addition of the aluminum sludge is not to the TN because of the relationship between the particle size of the filler and the sand soil retention system. (4) the concentration of COD is 140-200mg/L, and the removal rate of COD increases with the increase of filling depth. The removal rate of COD in the soil layer of the two kinds of biological retention system is 15%, and the water intake at the bottom of the biological retention system of the sandy soil sludge packing and the biological retention system is at the two lines. The average COD concentration of the final effluent is 38.6mg/L and 17.1mg/L, respectively, and the average COD removal rate is 78.7% and 90.5%, respectively. It is obvious that the removal efficiency of the biological retention system to COD is better than that of the sand soil sludge biological retention system. Compared with the sandy soil biological retention system, the addition of aluminum sludge is also not obvious to the removal of COD. Positive effect. (5) in practical application, the use of 20cm thick sand aluminum sludge packing can achieve the ideal TP removal efficiency. But from the angle of TN and COD removal, the deeper the removal efficiency is, the higher the removal efficiency is. At the same time, adding aluminum sludge in the sand filling may lead to the reduction of COD and TN slightly. (6) biological retention simulation. The simulation results showed that the average removal rate of TP was increased by about 6% after planting, and the difference was not obvious for the final effluent. This was because the adsorption and fixation of TP was strong and stable. The average removal rate of TP increased by about 6%. For the final effluent, the removal rate of TP was increased by about 4%. (7) the average removal rate of NH_4~+-N was increased by about 5%-10% after the planting soil of the sand soil sludge biological retention system and the soil biological retention system. The increase of the NH_4~+-N removal rate of the final effluent of the sands aluminum sludge system is less than 1%, and the removal rate of NH_4~+-N in the final effluent of the sand soil system is increased by about 2%. It can be seen that the final removal rate of NH_4~+-N in the planting soil layer has a small increase, but the strengthening of the final effluent is not obvious. Two in the system, planting soil after planting. The average removal rate of NO_3~--N increased by about 3%, and the removal rate of NO_3~--N was improved by about 1%, and the biological retention system of sandy soil increased by about 2%. For two biological retention system, the average removal rate of TN was increased by 5% after planting and final effluent, so the plant to TN Except for the increase of 5%. (8) the influent COD concentration was 140-220 mg/L, the average removal rate of COD in the soil layer was 11%, the average removal rate of COD in the planting soil was 15.4% when the plant was not planted, and the average average removal rate of COD at the bottom system was 70.6% when the plant was no plant. When the plant was planted, the COD average of the bottom of the system went to the average. The average removal rate of COD in the sand soil sludge system was 75%. The average removal rate of the planting soil and the final effluent increased by 5% in the sand soil sludge system. The average removal rate of COD in the planting soil and the final effluent of the soil biological retention system were also increased by about 5%. The average removal rate of COD after the planting plant increased by 5% left. Right. (9) plants, microbes and substrates are coordinated to remove phosphorus and other pollutants in biological retention. Plants are an indispensable part in the biological retention system. Plants in the biological retention system not only have the effect of beautifying, but also have different degrees of promotion on various pollutants in the rainwater.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X52
本文編號：2140303
[Abstract]:The pollutants carried in the rainwater runoff have a serious effect on the water ecosystem and the water environment. The remaining aluminum sludge of the water plant has a strong adsorbability to a variety of runoff pollutants such as phosphorus. It is practical and economical to use aluminum sludge as a biological retention system filler to remove the pollutants in the rainwater runoff. Sludge has a good adsorption and retention effect on water pollutants, and it is also a resource utilization of aluminum sludge. The aluminum sludge matrix biological retention system is a very promising rain management technology. Firstly, the properties of the aluminum sludge in the typical water plant were detected, and its components were discussed by XRD, XRF, BET and other methods. The physical characteristics of the aluminum sludge composition, internal porosity and pore size distribution and its specific surface area were determined. At the same time, the adsorption of phosphorus on the aluminum sludge was tested under the condition of 25oC, in order to explore the adsorption characteristics of the aluminum sludge on the phosphorus. The experiment of the biological retention system for the modified rainwater of the aluminum sludge was set up by two The simulation column of the group retention system is loaded with sand and two kinds of filler in the aluminum sludge sand with 10% mass fraction respectively. By monitoring the change of the pollutant concentration index of the effluent in the biological retention system, the removal and migration of pollutants in the biological retention system are more intuitively understood. In addition, four sets of biological retention simulation boxes are designed. In order to understand the removal of pollutants in the biological retention system, the effects of plants on the removal of pollutants in the biological retention system were investigated. The following conclusions were obtained by a series of experiments. (1) XRF analysis of aluminum sludge showed that aluminum in the sludge was taken from the aluminum sludge. The content of iron is higher (Al, Fe content is 6.74% and 15.9%), the background value of P is only 0.0691%, the specific area of aluminum sludge is 126.44m~2/g, the average pore size is 5.02 nm, the inner pore is mainly mesoporous. The saturated adsorption capacity of aluminum sludge to P is 19.01mg/g. aluminum sludge with excellent adsorption and removal capacity, its adsorption capacity and adsorption affinity. (2) the biological retention system after the improvement of aluminum sludge showed continuous and efficient phosphorus removal ability during the whole operation stage. During the experiment, the concentration of influent phosphorus was 3.0-7.0mg/L and the total amount of water was about 2600L. From the 20cm of the top end of the packing layer, the TP concentration of the effluent could be kept at 0.01-0.04mg/L basically. The average removal rate of TP at the upper end 20cm filling layer has reached about 95%. In contrast, the adsorption capacity of P by the sand matrix biological retention system appears insufficient. After the experiment, the adsorption of the filler from the upper to the lower P is gradually saturated. Thus, the ideal TP removal effect (3) biological retention system can be achieved by using the 20cm thick sandy soil sludge matrix. The NH_4~+-N removal mechanism of rainwater runoff mainly consists of packing adsorption, nitrification of nitrate bacteria and absorption of plants. In this experiment, the proportion of the removal of NH_4~+-N in the biological retention system by nitrification is between 22.5%-30%. The sand soil and the sand soil sludge two raw material retention systems flow through the filler and from the filler. At the upper end of 20cm, the NH_4~+-N in the runoff was completely removed. Finally, the average removal rate of NH_4~+-N was 98.8%, which was slightly higher than the 94.4%. sand biological retention system of the sands aluminum sludge system and the average removal rate of NO_3~--N by 27% and 24.9%. system to NO_3~--N, respectively. The removal efficiency is poor and the effect is unstable. The decrease of the concentration is mainly in the lower 40-60cm of the biological retention simulation column. Two the removal rate of TN is relatively low in the biological retention system. From the experimental results, the addition of the aluminum sludge is not to the TN because of the relationship between the particle size of the filler and the sand soil retention system. (4) the concentration of COD is 140-200mg/L, and the removal rate of COD increases with the increase of filling depth. The removal rate of COD in the soil layer of the two kinds of biological retention system is 15%, and the water intake at the bottom of the biological retention system of the sandy soil sludge packing and the biological retention system is at the two lines. The average COD concentration of the final effluent is 38.6mg/L and 17.1mg/L, respectively, and the average COD removal rate is 78.7% and 90.5%, respectively. It is obvious that the removal efficiency of the biological retention system to COD is better than that of the sand soil sludge biological retention system. Compared with the sandy soil biological retention system, the addition of aluminum sludge is also not obvious to the removal of COD. Positive effect. (5) in practical application, the use of 20cm thick sand aluminum sludge packing can achieve the ideal TP removal efficiency. But from the angle of TN and COD removal, the deeper the removal efficiency is, the higher the removal efficiency is. At the same time, adding aluminum sludge in the sand filling may lead to the reduction of COD and TN slightly. (6) biological retention simulation. The simulation results showed that the average removal rate of TP was increased by about 6% after planting, and the difference was not obvious for the final effluent. This was because the adsorption and fixation of TP was strong and stable. The average removal rate of TP increased by about 6%. For the final effluent, the removal rate of TP was increased by about 4%. (7) the average removal rate of NH_4~+-N was increased by about 5%-10% after the planting soil of the sand soil sludge biological retention system and the soil biological retention system. The increase of the NH_4~+-N removal rate of the final effluent of the sands aluminum sludge system is less than 1%, and the removal rate of NH_4~+-N in the final effluent of the sand soil system is increased by about 2%. It can be seen that the final removal rate of NH_4~+-N in the planting soil layer has a small increase, but the strengthening of the final effluent is not obvious. Two in the system, planting soil after planting. The average removal rate of NO_3~--N increased by about 3%, and the removal rate of NO_3~--N was improved by about 1%, and the biological retention system of sandy soil increased by about 2%. For two biological retention system, the average removal rate of TN was increased by 5% after planting and final effluent, so the plant to TN Except for the increase of 5%. (8) the influent COD concentration was 140-220 mg/L, the average removal rate of COD in the soil layer was 11%, the average removal rate of COD in the planting soil was 15.4% when the plant was not planted, and the average average removal rate of COD at the bottom system was 70.6% when the plant was no plant. When the plant was planted, the COD average of the bottom of the system went to the average. The average removal rate of COD in the sand soil sludge system was 75%. The average removal rate of the planting soil and the final effluent increased by 5% in the sand soil sludge system. The average removal rate of COD in the planting soil and the final effluent of the soil biological retention system were also increased by about 5%. The average removal rate of COD after the planting plant increased by 5% left. Right. (9) plants, microbes and substrates are coordinated to remove phosphorus and other pollutants in biological retention. Plants are an indispensable part in the biological retention system. Plants in the biological retention system not only have the effect of beautifying, but also have different degrees of promotion on various pollutants in the rainwater.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X52
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