發(fā)布時間：2018-07-22 13:14

【摘要】：目的了解泰安市農村環(huán)境衛(wèi)生狀況,掌握農村環(huán)境衛(wèi)生健康危害因素的水平,為政府制定政策措施提供科學依據(jù)。方法嚴格遵循簡單隨機抽樣的方法,分層隨機抽取3個縣,每個縣隨機選擇5個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)(不含城關鎮(zhèn)),每個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)隨機選擇4個行政村作為監(jiān)測點,共調查了60個行政村,填寫統(tǒng)一的調查表格。對獲得的監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)采用Excel2003、SPSS16.0進行統(tǒng)計學分析。結果 (1)60個監(jiān)測村的經濟來源主要以種植業(yè)為主,占81.7%(49/60);60%(36/60)的村道路硬化;21.7%(13/60)的村內河道溝渠通暢、無垃圾、雜物;88.3%(53/60)的村是非衛(wèi)生村。93.3%的村(56/60)已實現(xiàn)集中式供水,覆蓋人口占總人口的93.5%,水源類型以深井(92.9%)為主,89.3%未處理;分散式供水覆蓋人口6.5%,水源類型以深井、泉水、淺井各占33.3%,機器取水占83.3%。衛(wèi)生戶廁普及率39.2%。60.0%(36/60)的村生活垃圾統(tǒng)一收集,40.0%(24/60)的村定點堆放,處理方式93.3%為再利用;66.7%(40/60)的村生活污水未經處理就直接排放,絕大部分污水隨意排放至坑塘(50.0%)和河流(41.7%)。所有的監(jiān)測村均有環(huán)境衛(wèi)生經費投入及衛(wèi)生專/兼職保潔人員,93.3%(56/60)的村有環(huán)境衛(wèi)生管理制度,95.0%(57/60)的村對環(huán)境衛(wèi)生管理做過專門規(guī)劃,95.0%(57/60)的村有開展環(huán)境衛(wèi)生相關宣傳教育。15.0%的村開展過滅鼠工作,10.0%的村開展過滅蠅工作,5%的村開展過滅蚊工作,1.7%的村開展過滅蟑工作。(2)農田土壤蛔蟲卵陽性率31.7%,活蛔蟲卵陽性率6.7%。3.33%的土壤鉻、鎘含量超標。結論泰安市監(jiān)測縣農村環(huán)境衛(wèi)生狀況總體良好,但在衛(wèi)生廁所普及、污水處理以及病媒生物控制工作方面較薄弱,農田土壤有重金屬超標情況,加強農村衛(wèi)生廁所和污水管網的建設,加大病媒生物控制工作力度,改善農田土壤環(huán)境質量,是今后工作的重點。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the situation of rural environmental hygiene in Taian city, and to understand the level of environmental health hazards in rural areas, and to provide scientific basis for the government to formulate policies and measures. Methods according to the method of simple random sampling, 3 counties were randomly selected, 5 towns (excluding Chengguan Town) were randomly selected in each county, and 4 administrative villages were randomly selected as monitoring points in each county. A total of 60 administrative villages were investigated. Fill in a uniform survey form. The monitoring data were statistically analyzed by Excel 2003 SPSS 16.0. Results (1) planting was the main source of income in 60 monitoring villages, accounting for 81.7% (49 / 60) or 60% (36 / 60) of the villages' roads hardened, 21.7% (13 / 60) of the villages were clear, garbage free, 88.3% (5360) of the villages were non-sanitary villages, 93.3% of the villages (56 / 60) had realized centralized water supply. The covered population accounts for 93.5. the type of water source is mainly deep-well (92.9%), the type of water supply is mainly deep-well (92.9%), the type of distributed water supply covers population 6.5. the type of water source is 33.3% for deep well, spring water and shallow well, and 83.3% for machine water. 39.2% (36 / 60) of the household sanitary toilets were collected and stored in 40.0% (24 / 60) of the villages, and 93.3% of them were reused, 66.7% (40 / 60) of the village's domestic sewage was discharged directly without treatment, and most of the sewage was discharged randomly to the pit (50.0%) and the river (41.7%). All monitoring villages have environmental health funds and 93. 3% (56 / 60) of health / part-time cleaning personnel have environmental hygiene management systems. 95. 0% (57 / 60) of villages have made special plans for environmental health management, and 95. 0% (57 / 60) of villages have carried out environmental hygiene related propaganda and education. 15.0% of the villages had carried out anti-rodent work. 10.0% of the villages had carried out anti-flies work. 1.7% of the villages had carried out anti-mosquito work. (2) the positive rate of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs in farmland was 31.77.The positive rate of ascaris eggs was 6.7.3.33% of soil chromium. The cadmium content exceeds the standard. Conclusion the environmental hygiene condition in rural areas of Taian City is good, but it is weak in sanitary latrines, sewage treatment and vector biological control, and the heavy metals in farmland soil are over standard. Strengthening the construction of rural sanitary latrines and sewerage networks, increasing the work of vector biological control, and improving the quality of farmland soil environment are the key work in the future.
【作者單位】： 泰安市疾病預防控制中心;
【分類號】：R127

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