三種藻胞外氨基酸釋放及其對水體DON的貢獻(xiàn)
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-15 12:08
【摘要】：近年來,隨著人類工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)與各種生物活動加劇,營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)在湖泊中不斷富集,水體富營養(yǎng)化程度加劇,造成藻類大量繁殖,水華頻繁爆發(fā)。水體中氨基酸及溶解有機(jī)氮(DON)是生物地球化學(xué)循環(huán)及生命過程的重要環(huán)節(jié),是水體中重要的生物可利用性營養(yǎng)物質(zhì),對藻類生長繁殖及分布具有重要意義。藻類胞外有機(jī)物(EOM)作為水體氨基酸及DON的重要內(nèi)源,開展對EOM中氨基酸及DON含量及組成的研究,對理清湖泊富營養(yǎng)化發(fā)生機(jī)理意義重大。本文通過對比藻生長過程中DON與氨基酸的類型與組成,探討了不同藻類間及藻類在水體中氨基酸的釋放規(guī)律及其對有機(jī)氮的貢獻(xiàn)。選取3種典型淡水藻銅綠微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、四尾柵藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)及喙頭舟形藻(Navicula rhynchocephala)作為室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)研究對象,并結(jié)合典型藻型湖泊滇池,進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)與實(shí)際水體的對比分析。采用三維熒光光譜-平行因子分析法(EEMs-PARAFAC)、柱前衍生高效液相色譜(HPLC)分析3種藻在生長時期及水華爆發(fā)與消亡時期,DON特征與胞外游離氨基酸(DFAA)、結(jié)合氨基酸(DCAA)的含量組成等差異,并對藻源氨基酸對DON的貢獻(xiàn)問題進(jìn)行了探討。對培養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),藻在生長過程中有機(jī)質(zhì)被大量釋放,且不斷將無機(jī)氮轉(zhuǎn)化為DON釋放到水體,DON逐漸變?yōu)橹饕螒B(tài)。藻類生長指數(shù)期及穩(wěn)定期會產(chǎn)生對TDN的大量吸收利用,在湖泊中藻類生長過程中對水體有一定的脫氮作用,但在藻類衰亡過程中,藻類氮釋放量增加,水體氮含量會大量增加。EEM-PARAFAC對藻生長時期EOM分析得出類色氨酸(C1)、類腐殖質(zhì)(C2)、類蛋白質(zhì)(C3)及類酪氨酸(C4)4種組分,類色氨酸、類酪氨酸與類腐殖質(zhì)3組分含量均隨生長過程不斷增加,且類色氨酸與類酪氨酸熒光組分在總熒光強(qiáng)度中占比不斷增加。培養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中DFAA與DCAA在藻生長期均呈不斷累積趨勢,且在衰亡期初期均大量釋放,與熒光結(jié)果分析相同;銅綠微囊藻在生長期代謝的DON、DFAA與DCAA含量及其對DON貢獻(xiàn)率均最高,在衰亡期會吸收DFAA維持生長,且在衰亡后NH4+及DCAA為主要氮形態(tài),這可能是藍(lán)藻水華持續(xù)時間長,治理難度高的重要原因。對滇池水華爆發(fā)期及消亡期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),藻向水體釋放了大量氮營養(yǎng)物質(zhì),TDN、NH4+及DON濃度分別增加了2.65 mg/L、1.21 mg/L及0.82 mg/L,有機(jī)質(zhì)在水華消亡期也有大量的釋放,與培養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果相同。通過EEM-PARAFAC模型識別出滇池樣品中4個熒光組分,類色氨酸(C1’)、陸源類腐殖質(zhì)(C2’)、類酪氨酸(C3’)、陸源類腐殖質(zhì)(C4’)。類色氨酸及類酪氨酸組分與培養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)識別出相同,且類色氨酸(C1’)與類酪氨酸(C3’)在藻消亡期釋放量均有明顯增加,與培養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果相同。水華消亡過程中,DFAA增加了7.99μmol/L,DCAA增加了19.9μmol/L,對水體氨基酸的代謝量較大,藻類代謝是藻型湖泊氨基酸的主要來源。水體氨基酸單體中甘氨酸、精氨酸及丙氨酸濃度均較高,與室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)得到的結(jié)果相似。DFAA對水體DON貢獻(xiàn)率為4.7~26.2%,DFAA對水體DON貢獻(xiàn)率為14.2~43.6%,THAA對水體DON的貢獻(xiàn)率為14.7~69.5%。因此表明,藍(lán)藻等藻類生長及衰亡是湖泊有機(jī)氮的重要來源,其產(chǎn)生的藻源型有機(jī)氮物質(zhì)及氨基酸是湖泊DON的重要內(nèi)源,為湖泊水華爆發(fā)提供了營養(yǎng)條件。因此,解決湖泊富營養(yǎng)化問題僅靠切斷外源有機(jī)氮物質(zhì)的輸入可能難以取得較好效果。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the intensification of human industrial and agricultural production and various biological activities, nutrients are enriched in lakes and the degree of eutrophication is aggravated, resulting in a large number of algae reproduction and frequent eruptions of water bloom. The amino acids and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in water bodies are important links in biological geochemical cycle and life process, and are important in water bodies. Bioavailability of nutrients is of great significance to the growth, reproduction and distribution of algae. As an important endogenous source of amino acids and DON in water, the study on the content and composition of amino acids and DON in EOM by algae (EOM) is of great significance to clarify the mechanism of eutrophication in lakes. This paper compares DON with DON in the growth process of algae. Type and composition of amino acids, the release of amino acids in different algae and algae and their contribution to organic nitrogen were discussed. 3 typical freshwater algae (Microcystis aeruginosa), four Scenedesmus quadricauda (Scenedesmus quadricauda) and scaphoid scaphoid (Navicula rhynchocephala) were selected as indoor culture research. Images, combined with the typical algae Lake Dianchi, were compared with the actual water body. The three dimensional fluorescence spectrum parallel factor analysis (EEMs-PARAFAC) and pre column Derivatization High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were used to analyze the growth period and the eruption and extinction period of 3 kinds of algae, the characteristics of DON and the extracellular free amino acids (DFAA), and the amino acids (the amino acids). The difference in the composition of the content of DCAA) and the contribution of the algae source amino acids to the DON were discussed. In the culture experiment, it was found that the organic matter was released in a large amount during the growth process, and the inorganic nitrogen was converted to DON to the water body, and the DON gradually became the main nitrogen form. The growth index period and the stable period of the algae would produce a large amount of TDN. Absorption and utilization of algae in the algae growth process has a certain denitrification effect on the water body, but in the process of algae decay, the release of nitrogen in algae increases and the nitrogen content in water will increase by.EEM-PARAFAC, 4 components of tryptophan (C2), class of humus (C2), protein like (C3) and tyrosine (C4), and tryptophan The 3 components of acid, tyrosine and humus like compounds increased with the growth process, and the proportion of tryptophan and tyrosine like fluorescent components increased continuously in the total fluorescence intensity. In the culture experiment, DFAA and DCAA were all accumulated in the growth period of the algae, and were released in the early decay period. The contents of DON, DFAA and DCAA and their contribution to DON during the growth period were the highest. In the decay period, the growth of DFAA was maintained, and after the decay, NH4+ and DCAA were the main nitrogen forms. This may be an important reason for the long duration of cyanobacteria bloom and the high difficulty of treatment. The study of the outbreak and extinction period of Dianchi water bloom found that algae release to the water body. The concentration of TDN, NH4+ and DON increased by 2.65 mg/L, 1.21 mg/L and 0.82 mg/L respectively. The organic matter was also released in a large amount in the extinction period of water bloom, which was the same as that in the culture experiment. By the EEM-PARAFAC model, 4 components of the Dianchi sample, tryptophan (C1 '), terrigenous humus (C2'), and tyrosine (C3) were identified. "), terrigenous humus (C4"). Tryptophan and tyrosine like components are the same as that in culture, and the release of tryptophan (C1 ") and tyrosine like (C3 ') in the extinction period of algae is obviously increased, which is the same as that in the culture experiment. In the process of extinction, DFAA increased by 7.99 mu mol/L, DCAA increased by 19.9 mu mol/L, and the amino group was amino. The metabolic amount of acid is large. Algae metabolism is the main source of amino acid in algae type lakes. The concentration of glycine, arginine and alanine in the amino acid monomer of water body is higher. The contribution rate of.DFAA to water body DON is 4.7~26.2%, DFAA to DON of water body is 14.2~43.6%, and the contribution rate of THAA to water DON is 14.. 7~69.5%. therefore indicates that the growth and decay of cyanobacteria and other algae are important sources of organic nitrogen in lakes. The algae source organic nitrogen substances and amino acids produced by algae are important endogenous sources of Lake DON, and provide nutritional conditions for the outbreak of Lake bloom. Therefore, it may be difficult to solve the problem of eutrophication in lakes only by cutting off the input of exogenous organic nitrogen. Good results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X524
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the intensification of human industrial and agricultural production and various biological activities, nutrients are enriched in lakes and the degree of eutrophication is aggravated, resulting in a large number of algae reproduction and frequent eruptions of water bloom. The amino acids and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in water bodies are important links in biological geochemical cycle and life process, and are important in water bodies. Bioavailability of nutrients is of great significance to the growth, reproduction and distribution of algae. As an important endogenous source of amino acids and DON in water, the study on the content and composition of amino acids and DON in EOM by algae (EOM) is of great significance to clarify the mechanism of eutrophication in lakes. This paper compares DON with DON in the growth process of algae. Type and composition of amino acids, the release of amino acids in different algae and algae and their contribution to organic nitrogen were discussed. 3 typical freshwater algae (Microcystis aeruginosa), four Scenedesmus quadricauda (Scenedesmus quadricauda) and scaphoid scaphoid (Navicula rhynchocephala) were selected as indoor culture research. Images, combined with the typical algae Lake Dianchi, were compared with the actual water body. The three dimensional fluorescence spectrum parallel factor analysis (EEMs-PARAFAC) and pre column Derivatization High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were used to analyze the growth period and the eruption and extinction period of 3 kinds of algae, the characteristics of DON and the extracellular free amino acids (DFAA), and the amino acids (the amino acids). The difference in the composition of the content of DCAA) and the contribution of the algae source amino acids to the DON were discussed. In the culture experiment, it was found that the organic matter was released in a large amount during the growth process, and the inorganic nitrogen was converted to DON to the water body, and the DON gradually became the main nitrogen form. The growth index period and the stable period of the algae would produce a large amount of TDN. Absorption and utilization of algae in the algae growth process has a certain denitrification effect on the water body, but in the process of algae decay, the release of nitrogen in algae increases and the nitrogen content in water will increase by.EEM-PARAFAC, 4 components of tryptophan (C2), class of humus (C2), protein like (C3) and tyrosine (C4), and tryptophan The 3 components of acid, tyrosine and humus like compounds increased with the growth process, and the proportion of tryptophan and tyrosine like fluorescent components increased continuously in the total fluorescence intensity. In the culture experiment, DFAA and DCAA were all accumulated in the growth period of the algae, and were released in the early decay period. The contents of DON, DFAA and DCAA and their contribution to DON during the growth period were the highest. In the decay period, the growth of DFAA was maintained, and after the decay, NH4+ and DCAA were the main nitrogen forms. This may be an important reason for the long duration of cyanobacteria bloom and the high difficulty of treatment. The study of the outbreak and extinction period of Dianchi water bloom found that algae release to the water body. The concentration of TDN, NH4+ and DON increased by 2.65 mg/L, 1.21 mg/L and 0.82 mg/L respectively. The organic matter was also released in a large amount in the extinction period of water bloom, which was the same as that in the culture experiment. By the EEM-PARAFAC model, 4 components of the Dianchi sample, tryptophan (C1 '), terrigenous humus (C2'), and tyrosine (C3) were identified. "), terrigenous humus (C4"). Tryptophan and tyrosine like components are the same as that in culture, and the release of tryptophan (C1 ") and tyrosine like (C3 ') in the extinction period of algae is obviously increased, which is the same as that in the culture experiment. In the process of extinction, DFAA increased by 7.99 mu mol/L, DCAA increased by 19.9 mu mol/L, and the amino group was amino. The metabolic amount of acid is large. Algae metabolism is the main source of amino acid in algae type lakes. The concentration of glycine, arginine and alanine in the amino acid monomer of water body is higher. The contribution rate of.DFAA to water body DON is 4.7~26.2%, DFAA to DON of water body is 14.2~43.6%, and the contribution rate of THAA to water DON is 14.. 7~69.5%. therefore indicates that the growth and decay of cyanobacteria and other algae are important sources of organic nitrogen in lakes. The algae source organic nitrogen substances and amino acids produced by algae are important endogenous sources of Lake DON, and provide nutritional conditions for the outbreak of Lake bloom. Therefore, it may be difficult to solve the problem of eutrophication in lakes only by cutting off the input of exogenous organic nitrogen. Good results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X524
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