【摘要】：厭氧氨氧化工藝作為一種高效、經(jīng)濟脫氮處理工藝,因其較傳統(tǒng)生物脫氮工藝具有脫氮效率高、無需外加有機碳源、無需溶解氧、能耗低、污泥產(chǎn)量少、無二次污染等優(yōu)點而受到國內外學者的青睞,尤其在處理含低有機碳的高氨氮廢水中具有良好的開發(fā)應用前景,但卻因脫氮功能菌-厭氧氨氧化菌生長極其緩慢,而制約了其工程上的運用。本文利用普通市政污泥,采用低基質與高流量相結合的方式考察了上流式厭氧污泥懸浮填料填充床反應器快速富集厭氧氨氧化菌的運行性能及運行過程中微生物群落結構變化,并探討了系統(tǒng)中厭氧氨氧化菌顆粒污泥的活性影響因素及反應動力學特性,主要研究結果如下:(1)采用上流式厭氧污泥懸浮填料填充床反應器,通過提升進水基質濃度及縮HRT的運行方式,經(jīng)過近100天的運行,系統(tǒng)容積總氮負荷能達到3.15kgN.m-3.d~(-1),相應總氮去除負荷為2.68kgN.m-3.d~(-1),總氮去除率和亞硝態(tài)氮去除率基本保持在80%和90%以上,系統(tǒng)中顆粒污泥粒徑范圍為0.30mm-4.04mm,平均沉降速度達到94.32m/h,系統(tǒng)表現(xiàn)出高效的脫氮性能及耐沖擊負荷能力,成功實現(xiàn)了厭氧氨氧化菌的富集培養(yǎng)和反應器的快速啟動;(2)反應器在啟動過程中,接種污泥中微生物群落包含的主要8種菌門的多樣性及對應豐度值都在不斷降低,后期主要存在浮霉菌門和變形菌門,占到系統(tǒng)微生物含量的92.29%。系統(tǒng)中以隸屬浮霉菌門的Candidatus Kuenenia和Candidatus Anammoxoglobu兩種Anammox功能菌為優(yōu)勢菌種,豐度值為66.57%,其中以Candidatus Kuenenia菌為主,相對含量占到總量的63.31%;(3)批量實驗對厭氧氨氧化顆粒污泥活性影響因素進行討論,厭氧氨氧化活性隨著氨氮濃度由41.05mg/L逐漸增加至587.75mg/L過程中,兩者呈正相關的變化趨勢,而隨著亞硝態(tài)濃度的增加呈先增加后降低的變化趨勢,在亞硝態(tài)氮濃度為145.51mg/L時達到最大值0.160mgNH4+-N.mgVSS~(-1).d~(-1)。系統(tǒng)培養(yǎng)的Anammox菌生長環(huán)境最佳溫度值為35℃左右,最適pH值在8.0-8.5之間;(4)批量實驗對厭氧氨氧化反應動力學進行研究,擬合得到氨氮半飽和常數(shù)、最大反應速率及抑制常數(shù)分別為38.06mg/L、0.133mgNH4+-N.mgVSS~(-1).d~(-1)、4.058E28mg/L;亞硝態(tài)氮半飽和常數(shù)、抑制常數(shù)、最大基質反應速率分別為263.25mg/L,227.88mg/L,0.445mgNH4+-N.mgVSS~(-1).d~(-1),系統(tǒng)具有巨大的厭氧氨氧化反應潛能。
[Abstract]:As an efficient and economical denitrification process, the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process has higher denitrification efficiency than the traditional biological nitrogen removal process, no additional organic carbon source, no dissolved oxygen, low energy consumption and less sludge yield. The advantages of no secondary pollution are favored by scholars at home and abroad, especially in the treatment of high ammonia nitrogen wastewater containing low organic carbon, which has a good prospect of development and application, but the growth of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria is extremely slow because of denitrification function bacteria. And restricted its engineering application. In this paper, the operation performance of rapid enrichment of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and the changes of microbial community structure in upflow anaerobic sludge suspension-packed bed reactor were investigated by the combination of low substrate and high flow rate of municipal sludge. The main results are as follows: (1) the upflow anaerobic sludge suspension-packed bed reactor was used. After nearly 100 days of operation, the total nitrogen load of the system can reach 3.15kgN.m-3.d-1, the corresponding total nitrogen removal load is 2.68kgN.m-3.d-1, the removal rate of total nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is above 80% and 90%. The particle size of granular sludge in the system is 0.30mm-4.04mm, and the average settling speed is 94.32mrh. the system shows high denitrification performance and resistance to impact loading. The enrichment and culture of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and the rapid start-up of the reactor were successfully realized. (2) during the start-up of the reactor, the diversity and the corresponding abundance values of the main eight kinds of bacteria contained in the microbial community in the inoculated sludge decreased continuously. In the later stage, there were mainly floatation and Proteus phylum, which accounted for 92.29% of the microbial content in the system. Candidatus Kuenenia and Candidatus Anammoxoglobu were the dominant strains in the system, and the abundance was 66.57, among which Candidatus Kuenenia was the main bacteria and the relative content was 63.31%. (3) the influence factors of anaerobic ammonia oxidation granular sludge activity were discussed. The activity of anaerobic ammonia oxidation increased from 41.05 mg / L to 587.75 mg / L with the increase of NH3-N concentration, but increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrite concentration, and the activity of anaerobic ammonia oxidation increased from 41.05 mg / L to 587.75 mg / L with the increase of nitrite concentration. When nitrite nitrogen concentration is 145.51 mg / L, the maximum value is 0.160 mgNH4 -N.mgVSS-1. D ~ (-1). The optimum temperature and pH were about 35 鈩，

本文編號：2120448