本文選題：環(huán)境規(guī)制 + 規(guī)制體系�。� 參考：《華僑大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來,伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會的高速發(fā)展,環(huán)境污染問題也愈加頻繁地出現(xiàn)在人們面前。目前我國環(huán)境形勢嚴(yán)峻,環(huán)境規(guī)制面臨著巨大的壓力�？h域是我國環(huán)境規(guī)制的實(shí)施終端,也是環(huán)境惡化和生態(tài)破壞最嚴(yán)重的區(qū)域,因此縣域環(huán)境規(guī)制是我國環(huán)境規(guī)制的基礎(chǔ)和重點(diǎn),其有效性直接影響著規(guī)制的效果和效率。本文分析認(rèn)為,環(huán)境規(guī)制體系的完善程度是影響政府環(huán)境規(guī)制有效性的主要制度因素,并從環(huán)境規(guī)制政策、環(huán)境規(guī)制機(jī)構(gòu)、環(huán)境監(jiān)察三方面討論了環(huán)境規(guī)制體系與環(huán)境規(guī)制有效性的關(guān)系。通過理論聯(lián)合實(shí)際,選取福建省惠安縣為研究對象,分析其環(huán)境規(guī)制體系存在問題:一是規(guī)制政策層面,命令-控制型的環(huán)境政策手段單一且缺乏激勵、以市場為導(dǎo)向的激勵型規(guī)制政策效果有限;二是規(guī)制機(jī)構(gòu)層面,“雙重指導(dǎo)”體制下的工作障礙、環(huán)保職能部門之間缺乏協(xié)調(diào)配合、環(huán)境監(jiān)察隊(duì)伍存在短板;三是環(huán)境監(jiān)察層面,環(huán)境監(jiān)察力度不足、公眾參與不足。造成這些問題的原因:一是規(guī)制政策層面,命令-控制型的環(huán)境政策缺乏創(chuàng)新、激勵型規(guī)制政策的相關(guān)配套不完善;二是規(guī)制機(jī)構(gòu)層面,環(huán)境規(guī)制機(jī)構(gòu)缺乏獨(dú)立性、部門權(quán)責(zé)不清及協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制缺失、環(huán)境監(jiān)察能力建設(shè)落后;三是環(huán)境監(jiān)察層面,環(huán)境監(jiān)察模式單一且獎懲機(jī)制不健全、環(huán)保相關(guān)信息不對稱。完善惠安縣環(huán)境規(guī)制體系的對策:一是規(guī)制政策層面,完善并創(chuàng)新命令-控制型環(huán)境政策手段、健全激勵型規(guī)制政策的相關(guān)配套;二是規(guī)制機(jī)構(gòu)層面,深化環(huán)境規(guī)制體制改革、建立環(huán)保相關(guān)部門協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制、加強(qiáng)基層環(huán)境監(jiān)察能力建設(shè);三是環(huán)境監(jiān)察層面,實(shí)施多元化環(huán)境監(jiān)察模式并健全獎懲機(jī)制、加強(qiáng)宣傳并強(qiáng)化公眾參與。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of economy and society, the problem of environmental pollution appears more and more frequently in front of people. At present, China's environmental situation is grim, environmental regulation is facing tremendous pressure. County is the terminal of environmental regulation in our country, and it is also the most serious area of environmental deterioration and ecological destruction. Therefore, county environmental regulation is the basis and focus of environmental regulation in China, and its effectiveness directly affects the effect and efficiency of regulation. This paper analyzes that the degree of perfection of environmental regulation system is the main institutional factor that affects the effectiveness of government environmental regulation, and from the environmental regulation policy, environmental regulation agency, The relationship between the system of environmental regulation and the effectiveness of environmental regulation is discussed in three aspects of environmental supervision. Through the combination of theory and practice, this paper selects Huian County of Fujian Province as the research object, analyzes the existing problems of its environmental regulation system: first, the regulatory policy level, the command-control environmental policy means single and lack of incentives. The effect of the market-oriented incentive regulation policy is limited, the second is the regulation organization level, the working obstacle under the "double guidance" system, the lack of coordination and coordination among the environmental protection functional departments, and the shortage of the environmental supervision team. Third, environmental monitoring level, environmental monitoring is insufficient, public participation is insufficient. The reasons for these problems are as follows: first, the regulatory policy level, command-control environmental policy lack of innovation, incentive regulatory policies related to imperfect; second, regulatory agency level, environmental regulatory agencies lack independence, The responsibility of the department is not clear and the coordination mechanism is missing, the construction of the environmental supervision capacity is backward; third, the environmental supervision level is single, the reward and punishment mechanism is not perfect, the environmental protection related information is not symmetrical. The countermeasures to perfect the environmental regulation system in Huian County are as follows: first, at the level of regulation policy, perfecting and innovating the means of command-control environmental policy, perfecting the relevant supporting set of incentive regulation policy; second, deepening the reform of environmental regulation system at the level of regulation institution. Establish coordination mechanism of environmental protection related departments, strengthen the capacity construction of environmental supervision at the grass-roots level, third, implement diversified environmental monitoring model, perfect reward and punishment mechanism, strengthen publicity and strengthen public participation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華僑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X321

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