發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-09 22:25

  本文選題：成土母質(zhì) + 重金屬　； 參考：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：《全國(guó)土壤污染狀況調(diào)查公報(bào)》指出,我國(guó)西南、中南地區(qū)土壤重金屬超標(biāo)范圍較大。云南省地處中國(guó)西南邊陲,成土母質(zhì)類(lèi)型多樣,不同成土母質(zhì)成壤過(guò)程中重金屬元素具有明顯不同的地球化學(xué)行為。本文以云南滇中地區(qū)碳酸鹽巖、泥頁(yè)巖、沖積物三種不同成土母質(zhì)7條土壤剖面為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)對(duì)風(fēng)化成土剖面中常量元素和重金屬元素及形態(tài)含量的地球化學(xué)分析,討論了不同成土母質(zhì)風(fēng)化成土過(guò)程中控制重金屬元素地球化學(xué)行為的主要因素,初步分析了不同成土母質(zhì)區(qū)土壤重金屬的潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。不同成土母質(zhì)中元素含量與母巖平均值相比較可以得出,碳酸鹽巖風(fēng)化成土剖面中常量元素K、Al、Fe、Si含量相對(duì)富集,Na、Ca、Mg明顯流失,As、Cd、Hg、Pb、Se呈現(xiàn)普遍次生富集的特征。泥頁(yè)巖成土母質(zhì)常量元素在風(fēng)化成壤過(guò)程中,Al、Fe、Si含量相對(duì)富集,K、Na、Ca、Mg呈現(xiàn)相對(duì)流失,As、Pb、Se、Hg略有富集的特征,而Cd大量流失。沖積物風(fēng)化成土剖面中K、Ca、Mg、Al、Fe含量相對(duì)富集,Na、Si相對(duì)流失,As、Cd、Hg、Pb呈現(xiàn)普遍次生富集的特征。不論何種成土母質(zhì),在炎熱、潮濕氣候環(huán)境下,由于強(qiáng)烈的化學(xué)風(fēng)化作用和成壤作用,Na普遍流失,Al和Fe富集。Na的流失程度表現(xiàn)為泥頁(yè)巖沖積物碳酸鹽巖,Al和Fe的富集程度表現(xiàn)為碳酸鹽巖沖積物泥頁(yè)巖。重金屬元素在不同成土母質(zhì)富集—貧化呈現(xiàn)不同特征。碳酸鹽巖風(fēng)化成土剖面As、Cd、Hg、Pb的富集程度明顯大于沖積物風(fēng)化成土剖面。同一成土母質(zhì)同一成壤演化過(guò)程,不同重金屬元素的富集程度也存在顯著差異。碳酸鹽巖風(fēng)化成土剖面中,重金屬元素的富集程度表現(xiàn)為AsPbHgCd,泥頁(yè)巖中HgPbAsCd,沖積物中表現(xiàn)為CdAs=HgPb。碳酸鹽巖、泥頁(yè)巖和沖積物三種不同成土母質(zhì)發(fā)育土壤中,As、Pb主要以殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)形式為主,其次為腐殖質(zhì)態(tài)和鐵錳氧化物態(tài)。Cd在碳酸鹽結(jié)合態(tài)、腐殖酸結(jié)合態(tài)和鐵錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)分配比例高于其它形態(tài)。腐殖酸結(jié)合態(tài)、強(qiáng)有機(jī)態(tài)和殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)Se、Hg是土壤中Se和Hg的主要存在形態(tài)。不同成土母質(zhì)土壤剖面中As、Cd、Hg、Pb、Se的離子交換態(tài)、碳酸鹽結(jié)合態(tài)、腐殖酸態(tài)及鐵錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)大部分受全量、pH和Corg的影響,但水溶態(tài)含量高低可能與成土母質(zhì)無(wú)關(guān),主要受土壤的環(huán)境條件所控制。碳酸鹽巖、泥頁(yè)巖和沖積物風(fēng)化成土剖面中,水溶態(tài)、離子交換Cd均在近地表富集,可被植物直接吸收利用,其潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不容忽視。推測(cè)三種不同成土母質(zhì)中作物Cd的超標(biāo)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)順序?yàn)?碳酸鹽巖區(qū)沖積物區(qū)泥頁(yè)巖區(qū)。雖然水溶態(tài)As含量和占總量的百分比總體不高,但對(duì)泥頁(yè)巖和沖積物成土母質(zhì)地區(qū)的土壤而言,作物As的超標(biāo)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)仍有待進(jìn)一步評(píng)價(jià)。
[Abstract]:The National soil pollution investigation Bulletin pointed out that the range of heavy metals exceeded the standard in the southwest and middle south of China. Yunnan Province is located in the southwestern border of China. There are various types of soil parent material, and the heavy metal elements have different geochemical behaviors in the process of soil formation of different soil-forming parent materials. In this paper, seven soil profiles of carbonate rock, shale and alluvial materials in central Yunnan are studied. The geochemical analysis of the contents of major elements and heavy metal elements and their speciation in weathered soil profile is carried out. The main factors controlling the geochemical behavior of heavy metal elements in the weathering process of different parent materials were discussed, and the potential ecological risks of heavy metals in different parent material areas were preliminarily analyzed. Compared with the average values of parent rocks, it can be concluded that the relative enrichment of K _ (Aln) Al _ 2O _ (Fe) Si in the weathering soil profile of carbonate rocks is characterized by a general secondary enrichment of Na _ (+) Ca ~ (2 +) mg ~ (2 +). In the process of weathering and forming soil, the relative enrichment of K ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) Na ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) Ca ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) in In the weathering profile of alluvium, the relative enrichment of K _ (Ca) Ca ~ (2 +) mg ~ (2 +) Al ~ (2 +) Fe ~ (2 +) and the relative loss of Na ~ (2 +) Si ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) ~ Whatever the parent material, in hot, humid climates, As a result of strong chemical weathering and soil forming action, the loss of Na and Fe enriched Al and Fe generally showed that the enrichment degree of carbonate rock, Al and Fe in mudstone alluvium was that of carbonate rock alluvial mud shale, and the loss degree of Na was that of carbonate rock alluvial shale. The enrichment and dilution of heavy metals in different parent materials of soil showed different characteristics. The enrichment degree of HgPb in weathering soil profile of carbonate rock is obviously higher than that in alluvial weathering section. There are significant differences in the enrichment of heavy metals among the same parent material and the same soil forming process. In the weathering profile of carbonate rock, the enrichment degree of heavy metal elements is AsPbHgCdd1, HgPbAsCdCdin shale and HgPb in alluvium. In carbonate rock, mud shale and alluvial soil, the residual form of As-Pb is mainly in the form of residual, followed by humus and ferromanganese oxide. CD in carbonate bound state. The distribution ratio of humic acid bound state and iron manganese oxide bound state is higher than that of other forms. The main forms of se and Hg in soil are humic acid bound, strong organic state and residual se Hg. The ion exchange state, carbonate bound state, humic acid state and iron-manganese oxide binding state in different parent soil profiles are mostly affected by the total pH and Corg, but the water soluble state content may not be related to the parent material. It is mainly controlled by the environmental conditions of the soil. In the weathering profile of carbonate shale and alluvial materials the water-soluble and ion-exchange CD are enriched near the surface and can be directly absorbed by plants and their potential ecological risks can not be ignored. It is inferred that the risk order of crop CD in three different soil-forming parent materials is as follows: carbonate rock area alluvial area mud shale area. Although water soluble as content and percentage of total amount are not high, the risk of crop as exceeding the standard is still needed to be further evaluated for the soil of shale and alluvial soil-forming parent material area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X53

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