本文選題：環(huán)境容量 + 重金屬�。� 參考：《山東大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：環(huán)境容量是環(huán)境科學研究的基本內(nèi)容之一,一般通過數(shù)學模型來表征不同環(huán)境單元,不同評價物質(zhì)容量的大小,其計算的結果對某一區(qū)域污染物環(huán)境質(zhì)量標準的制定、控制和治理目標、以及環(huán)境影響評價等層面具有良好的指導作用。隨著環(huán)境科學的發(fā)展,環(huán)境容量的分類也更加細化,不再是傳統(tǒng)的根據(jù)環(huán)境介質(zhì)分為大氣、水、土壤、生物四大類。根據(jù)不同的環(huán)境單元、污染物的類型、評價目的,有著各種各樣的分類。環(huán)境容量主要包括客觀性、穩(wěn)定性、變更型、有限性、可控性幾大特征。對于環(huán)境容量的研究,重要的發(fā)展趨勢是定量描述的準確化,尤其是對于各種環(huán)境介質(zhì)中自凈作用以及各種污染物質(zhì)的遷移轉化所形成的那部分額外容量的計算,需要更加詳細科學化的考究。此外根據(jù)不同環(huán)境單元的特點,如何來良好的把握評價地區(qū)的地域性及使得最后的結果更具評價意義也是主要發(fā)展的趨勢之一。土壤是人們主要糧食作物的供給來源,孕育生命的搖籃,土壤質(zhì)量的安全與人們的健康息息相關,隨著社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,越來越多的污染物通過各種各樣的途徑進入到土壤中,引起土壤污染,破壞了原有的土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量。土地資源是一個環(huán)境區(qū)域最基本的要素之一,其配置使用的合理與否,將對該地經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展以及環(huán)境的質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。對土壤環(huán)境容量的研究能夠在制定土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標準、農(nóng)用水灌溉標準、土地資源的合理開發(fā)利用以及污染物總量控制方面有良好的應用價值。黃河三角洲有著大面積的待開發(fā)的土地,有豐富的土地后備資源,不同的植物群落形成了多種多樣的生境。然而由于其特殊的地理位置,其生態(tài)環(huán)境較為脆弱,但是隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,人類的生產(chǎn)生活并不是以可持續(xù)發(fā)展為前提,對該地的土地資源進行開發(fā)利用,給當?shù)氐耐恋刭Y源的配置以及土壤的健康狀況造成了重大影響,出現(xiàn)了土壤鹽漬化,淡水資源日漸缺乏等問題。因此本文選取黃河三角洲這一十分具有代表性的區(qū)域來進行其中的土壤環(huán)境容量研究。主要分三種土壤類型,鹽土、潮土和水稻土,選取其中的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cr七種重金屬元素來進行評價。采用現(xiàn)有的數(shù)學模型,通過相關實驗的測定以及查閱文獻書籍獲得數(shù)據(jù),對其環(huán)境容量進行計算評價。分別采用各種金屬元素的背景值和現(xiàn)狀值對該區(qū)域的靜態(tài)環(huán)境容量以及動態(tài)環(huán)境容量進行了計算,并對同一種重金屬元素在不同土壤中的環(huán)境容量的差異性做了分析,結果顯示:(1)對于靜態(tài)環(huán)境容量而言,在不涉及污染物在土壤中動態(tài)變化的條件下,黃河三角洲地區(qū)的鹽土和潮土對于大部分重金屬元素的環(huán)境容量較大,水稻土的偏低,大部分元素的環(huán)境容量同前兩種土壤相比,有顯著或極顯著的差異性。其中鹽土和潮土中Zn的環(huán)境容量是水稻土中的2.5倍左右,潮土中Pb的環(huán)境容量分別是鹽土的1.5倍,水稻土的6倍左右。鹽土和潮土占據(jù)著黃河三角洲地區(qū)的大面積地土地資源,把握重金屬在其中含量尺度至關重要,而對于水稻土來說,控制重金屬的輸入與治理是關鍵。靜態(tài)環(huán)境容量的大小,主要受土壤中重金屬元素的起始值、土壤自身的理化性質(zhì)、重金屬元素自身的性質(zhì)的影響。因此,靜態(tài)環(huán)境容量的結果對評價某一區(qū)域土壤單一的納污能力以及對重金屬的吸附能力有重要意義(2)對于動態(tài)環(huán)境容量而言,在考慮了污染物在土壤中的動態(tài)變化之后,引入年限的概念,計算出年平均動態(tài)環(huán)境容量,結果表示,隨著年限的增加,動態(tài)環(huán)境容量的大小逐漸趨于一個穩(wěn)定的值,體現(xiàn)出污染物輸出與輸入的動態(tài)平衡規(guī)律,總體來說,年限少,平均動態(tài)年容量大,總容量小;年限多,平均小,但是總容量大。動態(tài)環(huán)境容量的大小主要受到重金屬自身的屬性以及在土壤中的各種動態(tài)變化的影響,因此動態(tài)環(huán)境容量的計算結果更能綜合反映一個區(qū)域的納污能力,能夠評價的內(nèi)容更加廣泛。(3)該地區(qū)動態(tài)環(huán)境容量的結果與靜態(tài)環(huán)境容量的結果相比,有些許不同,水稻土中Cd、Hg元素的容量大小有明顯的升高,說明對于性質(zhì)不穩(wěn)定,易于遷移轉化的重金屬元素來說,動態(tài)變化所帶來的額外的環(huán)境容量也是評價一個地區(qū)環(huán)境容量的重要組成部分。總體來看,潮土和鹽土的動態(tài)環(huán)境容量仍然占主要優(yōu)勢,水稻土的環(huán)境容量較低。如何加大因重金屬元素的變動所產(chǎn)生的額外容量,使得土壤更好的凈化,產(chǎn)生優(yōu)良的土地資源,優(yōu)化對土地資源的利用,對于潮土和鹽土來說是一個關鍵問題;對于水稻土而言,應及時做好對相關農(nóng)作物體內(nèi)重金屬的監(jiān)測以及地下水,深層土壤中的重金屬監(jiān)測,防止二次污染以及對人類健康產(chǎn)生威脅。隨著時間的推移,對于靜態(tài)環(huán)境容量而言,根據(jù)背景值和現(xiàn)狀值計算的結果有所差異,因此,對于不同的評價范圍和目的,應選取相應的初始值進行計算。動態(tài)環(huán)境容量不存在這一現(xiàn)象,尤其是隨著年限的增加,所計算的結果更加不受起始值的影響,因此動態(tài)環(huán)境容量的數(shù)學模型應用更加靈活。所有土壤中,不同重金屬元素的動態(tài)環(huán)境容量總是要大于靜態(tài)環(huán)境容量,充分體現(xiàn)出土壤中污染物的吸附解吸、遷移轉化、累積與降解等作用。
[Abstract]:Environmental capacity is one of the basic contents of environmental science research. In general, the mathematical model is used to characterize different environmental units and to evaluate the size of material capacity. The results of the calculation have good guidance for the formulation of environmental quality standards for a certain area, control and control targets, and environmental impact assessment. With the development of environmental science, the classification of environmental capacity is also more refined. It is no longer divided into four categories: atmosphere, water, soil and biology. According to different environmental units, types of pollutants and evaluation purposes, there are various kinds of classification. The environmental capacity mainly includes objectivity, stability, change type, finiteness and controllability. Several major features. For the study of environmental capacity, the important development trend is the accuracy of quantitative description, especially for the calculation of the additional capacity formed by the self purification of various environmental media and the transfer of various pollutants, which need more detailed and scientific research. In addition, according to the characteristics of different environmental units, The soil is the supply source of the main food crops and the cradle of life, the safety of soil quality is closely related to the health of people. With the development of the society and economy, more and more pollutants have been found. A variety of ways to enter the soil, causing soil pollution and destroying the quality of the original soil environment. Land resources are one of the most basic elements of an environmental area. The rational allocation and use of the land will have a great impact on the development of the land and the quality of the environment. The soil environmental quality standards, irrigation standards for agricultural water, rational exploitation and utilization of land resources and the total amount control of pollutants have good application value. The the Yellow River Delta has a large area of land to be developed, rich land reserve resources, different plant communities form a variety of habitats. Special geographical location, its ecological environment is relatively fragile, but with the development of the economy, human production and life are not the premise of sustainable development, the land resources for the development and utilization of the land, the distribution of local land resources and the health of the soil have caused a major impact, the emergence of soil salinization, fresh water resources In this paper, the soil environmental capacity of the the Yellow River Delta, which is a very representative area, is selected for the study of soil environmental capacity. It is mainly divided into three types of soil types, salt soil, tidal soil and paddy soil, and select the Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cr and the existing mathematical models, through the existing mathematical models. The environmental capacity of the area is calculated with the background value and the current value of various metal elements, and the difference of the environmental capacity of the same heavy metal elements in different soils is made. The results showed that: (1) for the static environment capacity, the environmental capacity of the saline soil and the tidal soil for most of the heavy metals in the the Yellow River Delta region is larger, the paddy soil is low, and the environmental capacity of most elements is significantly or extremely significant compared with the first two soils. The environmental capacity of Zn in the saline soil and the tidal soil is about 2.5 times that of the paddy soil, and the environmental capacity of the Pb in the tidal soil is 1.5 times that of the saline soil and the paddy soil is about 6 times. The saline soil and the tidal soil occupy a large area of land resources in the the Yellow River Delta region. To control the input and control of heavy metals, the size of the static environmental capacity is mainly influenced by the initial value of the heavy metals in the soil, the physical and chemical properties of the soil itself, and the nature of the heavy metal elements. Therefore, the results of static environmental capacity can be used to evaluate the single pollution capacity of a certain area and to the heavy metals. The adsorption capacity is of great significance (2) for dynamic environmental capacity, after considering the dynamic changes in the soil, the concept of year is introduced to calculate the annual average dynamic environmental capacity. The results show that the size of the dynamic environmental capacity gradually tends to a stable value with the increase of years, reflecting the output and transportation of pollutants. In general, the dynamic equilibrium law, in general, is small, the average dynamic annual capacity is large, the total capacity is small, the number of years is small, the average size is small, but the total capacity is large. The size of the dynamic environmental capacity is mainly influenced by the properties of heavy metal itself and the dynamic changes in the soil. Therefore, the calculation results of dynamic environmental capacity can be reflected more synthetically. (3) compared with the results of static environmental capacity, the results of the dynamic environmental capacity in this area are somewhat different. The capacity of Cd and Hg elements in paddy soil is significantly increased, indicating that the dynamic changes are carried out for the heavy metal elements which are unstable in nature and easy to migrate and transform. The additional environmental capacity is also an important part of evaluating the environmental capacity of a region. In general, the dynamic environmental capacity of the soil and the salt soil still occupies the main advantage, the environmental capacity of the paddy soil is low. How to increase the extra capacity caused by the change of heavy metals, make the soil better clean up, produce good soil The land resources and the utilization of land resources are the key problems for the soil and the saline soil. For the paddy soil, the monitoring of heavy metals in the related agricultural objects and the monitoring of the heavy metals in the deep soil should be done in time. The two pollution and the threat to human health should be prevented. As for the static environment capacity, the results calculated according to the background value and the current situation are different. Therefore, the corresponding initial values should be selected for different range and purpose. The dynamic environmental capacity does not exist, especially with the increase of years, the calculated results are more unaffected by the initial value, so the dynamic ring is not affected. The mathematical model of boundary capacity is more flexible. In all soils, the dynamic environmental capacity of different heavy metals is always greater than that of static environment, which fully reflects the adsorption and desorption of pollutants in the soil, migration and transformation, accumulation and degradation and so on.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X53;X26

【相似文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 原秀卿;地球環(huán)境容量與環(huán)境再生產(chǎn)[J];國家行政學院學報;2001年04期

2 楊志恒,楊波;區(qū)域環(huán)境容量估算方法初步研究[J];山東師范大學學報(自然科學版);2003年02期

3 ;天津、杭州率先完成環(huán)境容量測算工作[J];環(huán)境保護;2004年08期

4 黃江鶯;;環(huán)境容量:一種非常重要的資源[J];政策w，

本文編號：2107217