發(fā)布時間：2018-07-05 11:11

  本文選題：生態(tài)環(huán)境 + 科技��； 參考：《沈陽師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：一百多年前,馬克思提出,科學(xué)是推動社會進步的根本力量,科技是第一生產(chǎn)力,也是推動經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的重要動力�？茖W(xué)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展以及在經(jīng)濟社會各個領(lǐng)域的廣泛應(yīng)用,人類進入了以科技為主導(dǎo)的時代�？萍际且话央p刃劍,這種“雙刃劍效應(yīng)”在今天更加突出。當(dāng)我們翻開人類發(fā)展史,尤其是近代史我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)科技的發(fā)展對生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響是十分明顯的。人類在利用科技的發(fā)展成果時卻破壞自然的生態(tài)平衡。生態(tài)學(xué)的不足使得傳統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)新發(fā)展觀和機械世界觀與傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟增長觀相一致,也就是單向經(jīng)濟價值取向,即向大自然索取,這種組織原則和技術(shù)原則違反了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡,在實踐中就會引起生態(tài)環(huán)境的不斷惡化。在這種傳統(tǒng)科技觀引導(dǎo)下,技術(shù)變成了人類不斷控制自然和征服自然的工具,也成為了造成自然生態(tài)危機的“元兇”,所以弄清科技發(fā)展和生態(tài)環(huán)境之間的關(guān)系,并尋找破解二者相互制約的方法與途徑成為了我們?nèi)祟惖漠?dāng)務(wù)之急。全面準確地認識并把握生態(tài)環(huán)境發(fā)展中的科技應(yīng)用,有效預(yù)防科技對生態(tài)環(huán)境的負效應(yīng),是解決“雙刃劍效應(yīng)”的最好辦法。面對自然資源的不斷耗竭和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)不斷遭到破壞,我們必須要樹立尊重自然、順應(yīng)自然和保護自然的生態(tài)理念,同時還要用科技的手段促進人與自然和諧可持續(xù)發(fā)展。本文首先對人類社會不同時期人與自然關(guān)系的變化加以梳理,總結(jié)出科技不斷進步但生態(tài)環(huán)境卻日益惡化這樣一個基本特征。通過對生態(tài)環(huán)境與科技逆向發(fā)展的反思,理清科技進步對生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文從技術(shù)自身的反自然性、社會標準對技術(shù)選擇的影響、科技人員環(huán)境倫理意識的淡薄、環(huán)境監(jiān)管中的科技缺位四方面闡述了科技生態(tài)負效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的原因。據(jù)此,本文提出了環(huán)境保護中科技應(yīng)用的具體對策,包括科技發(fā)展方向的新定位、推動以“可持續(xù)”為核心的科技創(chuàng)新、發(fā)揮科技環(huán)境倫理的導(dǎo)向作用、增強環(huán)境監(jiān)管的科學(xué)性等內(nèi)容,期望本文的研究能為更好地發(fā)揮科技的力量,加強環(huán)境的保護和改善貢獻一己之力。
[Abstract]:More than 100 years ago, Marx put forward that science is the fundamental force to promote social progress, science and technology is the first productive force, and it is also an important driving force to promote economic and social development. With the rapid development of science and technology and its wide application in various fields of economy and society, mankind has entered an era dominated by science and technology. Science and technology is a double-edged sword, this "double-edged sword effect" in today's more prominent. When we look into the history of human development, especially the modern history, we will find that the impact of the development of science and technology on the ecological environment is very obvious. Human beings use the achievements of science and technology to destroy the ecological balance of nature. The deficiency of ecology makes the traditional concept of innovative development and mechanical world outlook consistent with the traditional view of economic growth, that is, one-way economic value orientation, that is to say, take from nature. This kind of organization principle and technical principle violate the balance of ecosystem. In practice, it will cause the deterioration of the ecological environment. Guided by this traditional view of science and technology, technology has become a tool for human beings to constantly control and conquer nature, and has also become the "prime culprit" in causing the natural ecological crisis. Therefore, it is clear about the relationship between the development of science and technology and the ecological environment. And to find ways and means to solve the mutual constraints between the two has become an urgent task for us. The best way to solve the "double-edged sword effect" is to fully and accurately understand and grasp the application of science and technology in the development of ecological environment and effectively prevent the negative effects of science and technology on ecological environment. In the face of the depletion of natural resources and the destruction of ecosystem, we must set up the ecological concept of respecting nature, conforming to nature and protecting nature, and at the same time, we must promote the harmonious and sustainable development between man and nature by the means of science and technology. This paper firstly combs the changes of the relationship between man and nature in different periods of human society, and summarizes the basic characteristic of the continuous progress of science and technology but the worsening of ecological environment. Through reflection on the reverse development of ecological environment and science and technology, the influence of scientific and technological progress on ecological environment is clarified. On this basis, this paper expounds the reasons for the negative effects of science and technology ecology from four aspects: the anti-natural nature of technology itself, the influence of social standards on the choice of technology, the weak awareness of environmental ethics of scientific and technological personnel, and the absence of science and technology in environmental supervision. On the basis of this, this paper puts forward the concrete countermeasures for the application of science and technology in environmental protection, including the new orientation of the development direction of science and technology, promoting the scientific and technological innovation with the core of "sustainable", and giving play to the guiding role of scientific and technological environmental ethics. It is expected that the research in this paper will contribute to the better development of science and technology, strengthen the protection of the environment and improve the environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X22

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