本文選題：甲烷 + 氧化亞氮��； 參考：《安徽師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：甲烷(CH_4)和氧化亞氮(N_2O)是僅次于二氧化碳(CO_2)的兩種主要溫室氣體,可以與大氣中的O_3、OH和CO等物質(zhì)發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng),影響全球氣候變化。CH_4和N_2O對(duì)大氣溫室效應(yīng)貢獻(xiàn)率分別是15%和6%。截至2012年CH_4和N_2O濃度分別為1819 ppb和325.1 ppb,分別比工業(yè)革命時(shí)期高出160%和20%,目前仍然在持續(xù)增加。由于人類活動(dòng)帶來(lái)的河流系統(tǒng)中碳和氮的可利用性增加,河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的CH_4和N_2O釋放量也相應(yīng)增加。本文以國(guó)家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目“典型流域陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)—大氣碳氮?dú)怏w交換關(guān)鍵過(guò)程、規(guī)律與調(diào)控原理:數(shù)據(jù)綜合分析與集成研究”(2012CB417106)為依托,選取亞熱帶典型農(nóng)業(yè)小流域脫甲河4級(jí)河段(S1、S2、S3和S4)為研究對(duì)象,在測(cè)定河流表層水體中溶存CH_4和N_2O濃度的基礎(chǔ)上,利用雙層擴(kuò)散模型法對(duì)河流表層水體水-氣界面CH_4和N_2O的擴(kuò)散通量進(jìn)行估算。同時(shí)測(cè)定水體多項(xiàng)理化指標(biāo),探究環(huán)境因子對(duì)河流CH_4和N_2O產(chǎn)生及擴(kuò)散的影響。本文主要結(jié)論包括以下幾點(diǎn):(1)在2015年4月至2016年1月研究期間,脫甲河表層水體溶存CH_4濃度和擴(kuò)散通量有明顯的時(shí)空分布特征,其范圍在0.004~3.01μmol·L-1之間,均值(0.41±0.02)μmol·L-1;擴(kuò)散通量在-0.33~317.67μg·m-2·h-1,均值(42.28±1.79)μg·m-2·h-1。由于受農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和畜禽養(yǎng)殖的雙重影響,空間分布上,CH_4擴(kuò)散通量隨因土地利用方式變遷引起的河流污染負(fù)荷程度增加而升高,變化范圍在(22.37±2.87)~(55.56±4.32)μg·m-2·h-1之間;在時(shí)間尺度上,脫甲河CH_4擴(kuò)散通量夏季最高,冬季最低。相關(guān)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),CH_4擴(kuò)散通量與溶解有機(jī)碳(DOC)(r=0.47,p0.001)和鹽度(r=0.46,p0.001)呈極顯著正相關(guān),與水溫呈顯著正相關(guān)(r=0.27,p0.01),與溶解氧(DO)呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.49,p0.001).(2)脫甲河表層水體溶存N_2O濃度范圍在0.005~7.37μmol·L-1之間,均值為(0.54±0.05)μmol·L-1;擴(kuò)散通量在-1.11~1811.29μg·m-2·h-1之間,均值(130.10±12.04)μg·m-2·h-1。其中在早稻生長(zhǎng)初期和早晚稻收割、栽種交替時(shí)段N_2O擴(kuò)散通量達(dá)到高峰�？臻g上,N_2O排放通量表現(xiàn)為S1S4S3S2,S1級(jí)河段顯著低于其他3級(jí)河段(p0.01)。相關(guān)分析表明,脫甲河表層水體N_2O擴(kuò)散通量與銨態(tài)氮(NH4+-N)(r=0.87,p0.01)、硝態(tài)氮(NO3--N)(r=0.80,p0.01)、水溫(r=0.57,p0.01)和DOC(r=0.46,p0.01)呈顯著正相關(guān),與DO(r=-0.50,p0.01)呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。(3)脫甲河水體是大氣CH_4和N_2O的重要來(lái)源。由于人類活動(dòng)引起脫甲河流域土地利用類型的變遷導(dǎo)致河流系統(tǒng)中碳和氮的可利用性增加,加劇了河流CH_4和N_2O的產(chǎn)生與釋放。研究表明:脫甲河農(nóng)業(yè)小流域城鎮(zhèn)及農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)造成水體污染引起水體的高負(fù)荷碳氮濃度是造成CH_4和N_2O釋放的主要原因,科學(xué)合理安排脫甲河流域農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)對(duì)控制CH_4和N_2O釋放具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are the two main greenhouse gases, which are only inferior to CO2 (CO2). They can react with the O _ 3H _ H and CO in the atmosphere. The contribution rates of Ch _ 4 and N _ 2O to the atmosphere Greenhouse Effect are 15% and 6%, respectively. As of 2012, CH4 and N2O concentrations were 1819 ppb and 325.1 ppb, respectively, which were 160% and 20% higher than during the Industrial Revolution, respectively, and are still increasing. As the availability of carbon and nitrogen in the river system increased due to human activities, the CH4 and N2O emissions from the river ecosystem increased accordingly. This paper is based on the National key basic Research and Development Program, "key processes, laws and Regulation principles of carbon and nitrogen Exchange in typical Watershed Terrestrial ecosystems: data Comprehensive Analysis and Integration Research" (2012CB417106). Based on the determination of CH4 and NSC2O concentrations in the surface water of the subtropical typical agricultural watershed, the fourth section of the Dega River (S1 + S2 + S3 and S4) was selected as the research object, and the concentration of Ch _ 4 and NSP _ 2O in the surface water of the river was determined. The diffusion fluxes of Ch _ 4 and N _ 2O at the water-gas interface of the surface water of rivers were estimated by using the double-layer diffusion model method. At the same time, the effects of environmental factors on the generation and diffusion of Ch _ 4 and N _ 2O in rivers were investigated. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) during the study period from April 2015 to January 2016, CH4 concentration and diffusion flux in the surface water of Dejia River showed obvious temporal and spatial distribution characteristics, with the range of 0.004 渭 mol L-1 and the mean value of 0.41 鹵0.02 渭 mol L-1 and the diffusion flux of -0.33317.67 渭 g m-2 h-1and (42.28 鹵1.79) 渭 g m-2 h-1respectively. Due to the dual effects of agricultural production and livestock and poultry breeding, the CH4 diffusion flux increased with the increase of river pollution load caused by changes in land use patterns, ranging from (22.37 鹵2.87) 渭 g / m-2 h-1 to (55.56 鹵4.32) 渭 g m-2 h-1, and on a time scale. The diffusion flux of CH4 was the highest in summer and the lowest in winter. Correlation analysis showed that the diffusion flux of Ch _ 4 was significantly positively correlated with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (r _ (0.47) p ~ (0.001) and salinity (r _ (0.46) P _ (0.001), and positively correlated with water temperature (r _ (0.27) p _ (0.01), and negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen (do) (r ~ -0.49p ~ (0.001). (_ (2) in the range of 0.0057.37 渭 mol ~ (-1) ~ (-1). The mean value was (0. 54 鹵0. 05) 渭 mol L ~ (-1) and the diffusion flux was (130.10 鹵12. 04) 渭 g m ~ (-2) h ~ (-1) between -1.11 ~ (11) 渭 g 路m ~ (-2) h ~ (-1). In the early stage of early rice growth and early and late rice harvest, the peak of N _ 2O diffusion flux was achieved during the alternate planting period. In space, the emission flux of N2O in S _ 1S _ 4S _ 3S _ 2N _ 1 reach was significantly lower than that in the other three levels (p 0.01). Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between N2O diffusion flux and ammonium nitrogen (NH _ 4-N), no _ 3 N (r _ (0.80) p _ (0.01), water temperature (r _ (0.57) P _ (0.01) and DOC (r _ (0.46) p _ (0.01) in the surface water of the deformable river, and a significant negative correlation with do (r _ (-0.50) P _ (0.01). (3) the demethylated river body was an important source of Ch _ 4 and N _ 2O in the atmosphere. Because of the change of land use types in Dejia River basin caused by human activities, the availability of carbon and nitrogen in the river system increased, and the generation and release of CH4 and N2O increased. The results show that the concentration of carbon and nitrogen in water body caused by water pollution caused by urban and agricultural production activities in the small agricultural watershed of Dejia River is the main cause of CH4 and NSP emission. Scientific and reasonable arrangement of agricultural production activities in Dejia River basin is of great significance to control CH4 and NSCO emission.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X511;X171.1

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