本文選題：黑碳 + 沉積通量　； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：氣溶膠狀態(tài)污染物是懸浮在大氣中的主要顆粒污染物,它能使大氣的能見度降低,而且,還會對氣候的變化有著直接的影響。同時,氣溶膠污染物對人體健康也是有害的,可以引發(fā)多種疾病。在氣溶膠污染物中,由于不完全燃燒產(chǎn)生的黑碳(Black carbon,BC)是細(xì)顆粒物PM2.5中的主要污染物。黑碳由于吸光作用,可以使氣候變暖,引起全球的溫室效應(yīng)。一般來說,黑碳是引起全球變暖的重要短期物質(zhì),它的影響效果僅次于CO2。因此,在短時間內(nèi),抑制黑碳的排放,可以有效緩解全球的變暖。因此,研究黑碳的濃度和來源的歷史變化是十分有必要的。由于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,排放到環(huán)境中的重金屬的濃度也隨之增高。過量的重金屬對人類的健康和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)都是有害的。重金屬的排放、來源和變化趨勢也因此受到廣泛的關(guān)注。重金屬嚴(yán)重危害人類健康。一般而言,重金屬不能被生物降解,它能夠富集,最后進(jìn)入人體,對人體健康造成一定的威脅。湖泊沉積物一般被視為研究環(huán)境和氣候變化的理想樣本。因此重建華北平原地區(qū)的黑碳和重金屬(Zn,Ni,Cu,Pb,Co)100年的污染歷史可以更好的了解歷史能源結(jié)構(gòu)的變化。在本文中,我們采集了 3個湖泊沉積物樣品。結(jié)果顯示,黑碳和重金屬在3個湖泊巖心柱中的分布趨勢是一致的。在1900-2010年,三個沉積物巖芯中黑碳的濃度分別為0.17-1.28 mg g-1,021-2.59 mg g-1,0.16-1.85 mg g-1,黑碳的沉積通量分別為 0.1-4.7 g m-2 a-1,0.1-8.2 g m-2 a-1,0.2-7.4 g m-2 a-1,說明從工業(yè)化之前到近幾年黑碳的污染增加了近10倍。黑碳的沉積通量和重金屬Zn,Cu,Pb的濃度出現(xiàn)了兩個峰值,第一個峰值在1970到1980年,住宅能源消費和生物質(zhì)燃燒(低溫燃燒源)是上世紀(jì)70年代黑碳濃度增加的原因,由于工業(yè)、電力、交通運輸行業(yè)(工業(yè)化源)消耗的化石燃料在1990年之前是微不足道的。自從1990年以來黑碳的濃度又出現(xiàn)了增長的趨勢,并且,在2010年又出現(xiàn)了另一個峰值,而且其數(shù)值比之前的濃度都要高。然而,在1990-2010年間工業(yè)化源的顯著增加,與近幾十年低溫燃燒源排放的黑碳相競爭,這是近幾十年黑碳的濃度出現(xiàn)峰值的原因。重金屬的濃度在1970-1980年和近幾年都有一個峰值,這和黑碳的濃度變化有相同的特征。重建渤海灣沉積物中的重金屬污染物的歷史,可以較好地反映其重金屬污染的累積的過程,也可以更好的解釋人類的活動對于渤海灣沉積物中的重金屬污染的影響的過程。用PMF模型對重金屬進(jìn)行了源解析,發(fā)現(xiàn)不同的重金屬有不同的來源,而且制造業(yè)所占的比重最大,達(dá)到了 39.84%;其次是燃煤所占的比例,達(dá)到了 31.94%;最后是冶煉所占的比例,也達(dá)到了 28.22%。制造業(yè)所占的比重是最大的,這和實際也是相符合的。本論文通過重建華北平原地區(qū)的沉積物樣品,解析黑碳和重金屬100年歷史的濃度和來源。為了解華北平原的污染歷史提供可靠的依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Aerosol state pollutants are the main particulate pollutants suspended in the atmosphere. They can reduce the visibility of the atmosphere and have a direct impact on climate change. At the same time, aerosol pollutants are harmful to human health and can cause many diseases. Among aerosol pollutants, black carbon (Black carbon) produced by incomplete combustion is the main pollutant in PM2.5. Black carbon, due to the absorption of light, can make the climate warm, causing global Greenhouse Effect. Generally speaking, black carbon is an important short-term material that causes global warming, and its effect is second only to that of CO 2. Therefore, in a short period of time, the suppression of black carbon emissions can effectively mitigate global warming. Therefore, it is necessary to study the historical change of black carbon concentration and source. With the development of economy, the concentration of heavy metals emitted into the environment increases. Excessive heavy metals are harmful to human health and ecosystems. The emission, source and changing trend of heavy metals have been paid more and more attention. Heavy metals are a serious hazard to human health. In general, heavy metals can not be biodegraded, it can be enriched, and finally into the human body, causing a certain threat to human health. Lake sediments are generally considered ideal samples for environmental and climate change studies. Therefore, reconstructing the pollution history of black carbon and heavy metals (ZnPbCo) in North China Plain for 100 years can better understand the change of historical energy structure. In this paper, we collected three lake sediment samples. The results show that the distribution trend of black carbon and heavy metals in the core columns of three lakes is consistent. From 1900 to 2010, the concentration of black carbon in the three sediment cores was 0.17-1.28 mg g-1021-2.59 mg g-1C 0.16-1.85 mg g-1, and the deposition flux of black carbon was 0.1-4.7 g m-2 a-1n 0.1-8.2 g m-2 a-1n 0.2-7.4 g ma-1, indicating that the pollution of black carbon increased by nearly 10 times from pre-industrialization to recent years. The deposition flux of black carbon and the concentration of Zn ~ (2 +) Cu ~ (2 +) Pb have two peaks, the first peak is from 1970 to 1980, the consumption of residential energy and biomass combustion (low temperature combustion source) are the reasons for the increase of black carbon concentration in 1970s, due to industry, The fossil fuel consumed by the electricity, transportation and transportation industries was insignificant until 1990. Black carbon concentrations have been rising since 1990, and another peak in 2010, which is higher than previous levels. However, the significant increase in industrial sources between 1990 and 2010 competes with the black carbon emissions from low-temperature combustion sources in recent decades, which is the reason for the peak black carbon concentrations in recent decades. The concentration of heavy metals had a peak in 1970-1980 and in recent years, which was similar to the change of black carbon concentration. Reconstructing the history of heavy metal pollutants in the sediments of the Bohai Bay can better reflect the accumulation process of heavy metal pollution and explain the influence of human activities on the heavy metal pollution in the sediments of the Bohai Bay. The source analysis of heavy metals using PMF model shows that different heavy metals have different sources, and the manufacturing industry accounts for the largest proportion of 39.84, followed by the proportion of coal burning to 31.94 percent, and finally the proportion of smelting. It also reached 28.22. Manufacturing accounts for the largest share, which is in line with the reality. In this paper, the concentrations and sources of black carbon and heavy metals in 100 years old were analyzed by reconstructing sediment samples from North China Plain. It provides a reliable basis for understanding the pollution history of North China Plain.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X513

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