本文選題：植被恢復(fù) + 賴草��； 參考：《濟(jì)南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：草地是陸地上面積僅次于森林的第二大綠色覆被層,約占全球植被生物量的36%、陸地面積的24%。我國草原面積約占國土面積的41%,其生態(tài)功能與經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值均非常重要。退化和沙化一直是草地面臨的嚴(yán)峻問題,我國退化、沙化草地面積已占草地總面積的三分之一。開展如何恢復(fù)沙化草地植被研究具有重要意義。賴草(Leymus secalinus)是多年生根莖型禾草,以克隆生殖為主要的繁殖方式,不僅具有很強(qiáng)的抗逆能力,而且具有較高的營養(yǎng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值,是用于植被恢復(fù)的優(yōu)質(zhì)牧草。本研究以賴草為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,以沙土作為培養(yǎng)基質(zhì),探討了在沙化草地植被恢復(fù)過程中不同影響因素對賴草地下根系發(fā)育的影響,通過野外實(shí)驗(yàn)和溫室實(shí)驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法,對賴草種子萌發(fā)、幼苗根系發(fā)育和定植以及根莖生長的影響因素進(jìn)行了探究,主要研究結(jié)果如下:1、賴草種子發(fā)芽受溫度、光照、播種深度以及是否浸種的影響顯著。(1)在一定溫度范圍內(nèi),賴草種子的發(fā)芽速度與溫度呈正相關(guān)系,30℃條件下發(fā)芽速度最快;最終發(fā)芽率隨著溫度的升高呈現(xiàn)先升高后降低的趨勢,25℃時(shí)發(fā)芽率最高,為28%,相對于高溫情況,低溫(溫度20℃)不利于賴草種子的萌發(fā)。(2)光照顯著影響賴草種子發(fā)芽速度和最終發(fā)芽率。有光的處理組中,種子的發(fā)芽時(shí)間比無光處理組提前2天,有光處理組的最終發(fā)芽率比無光處理組提高了9.33%,有光時(shí),賴草長勢更好。(3)在一定范圍內(nèi),賴草最終發(fā)芽率與播種深度呈正相關(guān),播種深度1cm時(shí)發(fā)芽率最高,為43.33%;播種深度0cm發(fā)芽率最低,為20%。說明適當(dāng)?shù)脑黾硬シN深度可以增加賴草種子的發(fā)芽率。(4)浸種處理的發(fā)芽率為39.33%,較不浸種處理的28%高,同時(shí)縮短了發(fā)芽周期,浸種處理比不浸種處理提前2天結(jié)束發(fā)芽。2、營養(yǎng)、干旱和光周期影響賴草幼苗根系發(fā)育。(1)高氮磷處理會抑制根系生長延伸和側(cè)根發(fā)生,同時(shí)也抑制了根莖和分蘗的產(chǎn)生,降低了賴草幼苗對營養(yǎng)的吸收能力,導(dǎo)致地上生物量下降。氮對賴草幼苗的抑制作用顯著強(qiáng)于磷,過量磷處理可以促進(jìn)根系對營養(yǎng)和水分的吸收。營養(yǎng)梯度處理中,高營養(yǎng)濃度的處理能夠促進(jìn)賴草幼苗產(chǎn)生根莖和分蘗,幼苗更健壯。(2)間歇干旱處理賴草幼苗會抑制根延伸生長和側(cè)根的發(fā)生,降低地上、地下生物量,但是對于賴草株高無明顯影響。(3)12h光照處理顯著增加了賴草生物量,植株更健壯,根系較8h光照更發(fā)達(dá),促進(jìn)根莖和分蘗發(fā)生,較8h光周期產(chǎn)生根莖時(shí)間更短。3、種植方向和單側(cè)營養(yǎng)對賴草根莖生長的影響(1)田間實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),與東向和南向相比,根莖頂芽西向和北向移植時(shí)更利于賴草克隆片段根莖的延伸,移植克隆片段產(chǎn)生大量的分蘗、新芽、新根莖和發(fā)達(dá)的不定根,但沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)會對根莖頂芽的生長方向性產(chǎn)生影響。移植克隆片段在每隔一天旋轉(zhuǎn)90o處理下,賴草間隔子壽命會縮短,取而代之會產(chǎn)生發(fā)達(dá)的不定根。(2)單側(cè)營養(yǎng)處理沒有改變根莖頂芽的延伸方向,但是單側(cè)營養(yǎng)能夠促進(jìn)根莖伸長和母株分蘗的產(chǎn)生。與田間實(shí)驗(yàn)相比,賴草地上株數(shù)、分蘗數(shù)、芽數(shù)和新生根莖的數(shù)量都很少或不產(chǎn)生,形態(tài)單薄。生長中的賴草根莖遭遇難以穿透的阻礙時(shí),可以改變生長方向,繞過障礙物。研究結(jié)果為如何通過根莖型克隆植物播種和實(shí)生苗移植恢復(fù)沙化草地植物奠定了理論基礎(chǔ),同時(shí)也為植被恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐提供實(shí)驗(yàn)指導(dǎo),研究結(jié)果具有很好的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Grassland is the second largest green overburden layer on land next to forest, which accounts for about 36% of the total vegetation biomass in the world. The land area of 24%. is about 41% of the land area. Its ecological function and economic value are very important. Degradation and desertification have been a serious problem facing the grassland. Our country has been degraded and the sandy grassland area has been occupied. The total area of the grassland is 1/3. It is of great significance to carry out the research on how to restore the vegetation of sandy grassland. Leymus secalinus is a perennial rhizomatous grass, which is the main reproductive mode of clone reproduction. It not only has strong anti inverse ability, but also has high nutritional and economic value. It is a high quality pasture for vegetation restoration. In this study, Leymus Leymus was used as the experimental material and sand soil was used as culture medium. The effects of different factors on the root system development of Leymus Leymus were discussed in the process of vegetation restoration in sandy grassland. The effects of the field experiment and greenhouse experiment on the seed germination, the root development and planting of the young seedlings and the rhizome growth were influenced by the field experiment and the greenhouse experiment. The main research results were as follows: 1, the seed germination of Leymus Leymus was significantly affected by temperature, light, sowing depth and seed soaking. (1) the germination speed of Leymus Leymus seeds was positively related to the temperature in a certain temperature range, and the germination rate was the fastest at 30 degrees C, and the final germination rate increased first and then decreased with the increase of temperature. The low trend, the highest germination rate at 25, was 28%. Compared with the high temperature, low temperature (temperature 20) was not conducive to the germination of Leymus Leymus seeds. (2) light significantly affected the germination speed and the final germination rate of Leymus Leymus. In the light treatment group, the germination time of seeds was 2 days ahead of the non light treatment group, and the final germination rate of the light treatment group was less than that of the light treatment group. The growth of Leymus Leymus was improved by 9.33%. (3) in a certain range, the final germination rate of Leymus Leymus was positively correlated with the depth of sowing, the germination rate was the highest when the sowing depth 1cm was 43.33%, and the seed depth 0cm germination rate was the lowest. It was 20%. that the appropriate increase of sowing depth could increase the germination rate of Leymus Leymus. (4) seed soaking treatment germination The rate of 39.33% was 28% higher than that of the non seed soaking treatment, and the germination period was shortened, and the germination period was shortened at the same time. The germination was.2 at 2 days earlier than that of the non soaking treatment. Nutrition, drought and photoperiod affected the root development of Leymus Leymus seedlings. (1) Gao Dan phosphorus treatment would inhibit the root growth and lateral root formation, and also inhibit the production of rhizomes and tillers, and reduced the Leymus Leymus. The ability of the seedlings to absorb nutrients leads to the decrease of the aboveground biomass. The inhibition of nitrogen to the seedlings of Leymus Leymus is significantly stronger than that of the phosphorus. Excessive phosphorus treatment can promote the absorption of nutrients and water. In the nutrient gradient treatment, the treatment of high nutrient concentration can promote the root and stem and the tillering of Leymus Leymus seedlings and the seedlings are more robust. (2) intermittent drought treatment. The seedlings of Leymus Leymus could inhibit the root elongation and lateral roots, decrease the aboveground and subsurface biomass, but have no obvious effect on the height of Leymus Leymus. (3) 12h light treatment significantly increased the biomass of Leymus, the plant was more robust, the root system was more developed than the 8h light, and the root and tiller were promoted, and the rhizome time was shorter than that of the 8h photoperiod, and the planting direction was higher than that of the rhizome. And the effects of unilateral nutrition on the Rhizome Growth of Leymus Leymus (1) field experiments found that compared with the East and south direction, the stem buds were more advantageous to the extension of rhizomes of the cloned cloned segments of the rhizome, and the cloned fragments produced a large number of tillers, new buds, new rhizomes and developed adventitious roots, but there was no direction for the growth direction of the rhizome buds. Transplanting cloned fragments can shorten the life span of the rhizome of Leymus and produce developed adventitious roots under the rotation of 90o every other day. (2) unilateral nutrition treatment does not change the extension direction of the root buds, but the unilateral nutrition can promote the root elongation and the production of the tillers of the mother plant. The number of plants, the number of tillers, the number of buds and the number of new rhizomes are very small or not, and the form is thin. The growth direction can be changed and the obstacles can be changed when the rhizome of the growth is difficult to penetrate. The results of the study have laid a theoretical foundation for how to restore the sandy grassland plants by sowing of rhizome type cloned plants and planting seedlings. At the same time, it also provides experimental guidance for the production practice of vegetation restoration, and the research results have very good application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：濟(jì)南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X171.4;S543.9

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