本文選題：廢棄鋰離子電池 + 甘蔗渣　； 參考：《廣西大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：手機(jī)和便攜式計(jì)算機(jī)等移動(dòng)設(shè)備的廣泛使用促進(jìn)了鋰離子電池生產(chǎn)量和使用量的大量增長(zhǎng),但是鋰離子電池的使用壽命不過區(qū)區(qū)數(shù)年,因此中國(guó)每年廢棄鋰離子電池的產(chǎn)生量持續(xù)增加。廢棄的鋰離子電池如果不經(jīng)過無害化處理就進(jìn)入環(huán)境,不僅僅會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成很大的污染,對(duì)人類的健康產(chǎn)生極大地危害。同時(shí),廢舊的鋰離子電池中含有大量的有價(jià)值金屬,尤其是金屬鈷,實(shí)現(xiàn)廢棄鋰離子電池中有價(jià)值金屬資源的回收和再利用具有很大的價(jià)值。本研究選取18650型鋰離子電池為研究對(duì)象,此型號(hào)電池廣泛應(yīng)用于便攜式筆記本電腦。首先對(duì)廢舊鋰離子電池進(jìn)行了放電及破碎拆解,對(duì)拆解后的電池陰極材料進(jìn)行堿浸,分離其中的活性物質(zhì)LiCoO2和鋁箔。獲得廢舊鋰離子電池中的活性物質(zhì)LiCoO2后,采用硫酸-甘蔗渣體系進(jìn)行酸浸,將鈷從廢舊鋰離子電池電極材料中浸出,研究各反應(yīng)因素對(duì)鈷的浸出率的影響,通過響應(yīng)面優(yōu)化實(shí)驗(yàn)得出硫酸-甘蔗渣體系酸浸的最佳條件。探討甘蔗渣提高浸出效果的反應(yīng)機(jī)理。然后與常規(guī)體系的酸浸效果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,探討硫酸-甘蔗渣體系酸浸的可行性。最后利用草酸銨溶液沉淀浸出液中的鈷,研究各反應(yīng)因素對(duì)鈷回收的影響,并利用掃描電子顯微鏡、電感耦合等離子發(fā)射光譜分析儀和X射線衍射分析儀對(duì)產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行表征分析。研究結(jié)果表明:1.鈷酸鋰活性物質(zhì)與鋁箔的分離實(shí)驗(yàn)中,最優(yōu)條件為室溫,NaOH溶液濃度2.5mol/L,反應(yīng)時(shí)間9h,并不進(jìn)行粉碎。硫酸-甘蔗渣體系酸浸實(shí)驗(yàn)響應(yīng)面優(yōu)化最佳條件:硫酸溶液硫酸溶液濃度2.54mol/L,硫酸溶液的量20mL,反應(yīng)溫度80℃,液固比199.20mL/g,甘蔗渣的添加量0.59g,甘蔗渣的粒徑0.50mm,金屬Co浸出率為97.35%。對(duì)比常規(guī)酸浸體系,硫酸-甘蔗渣體系的浸出效果較好。2.甘蔗渣作為還原劑參與浸出反應(yīng),甘蔗渣中的醛基以及反應(yīng)后的中間產(chǎn)物RCOO.H2,都可與Co3+反應(yīng),將其還原成Co2+,提高了金屬鈷的浸出率。3.鈷的回收實(shí)驗(yàn)中,沉淀草酸鈷最佳實(shí)驗(yàn)條件是:pH為2,反應(yīng)溫度70℃,反應(yīng)時(shí)間60min,[C2042-]/[Co2+]比值1.10。通過表征分析發(fā)現(xiàn)回收得到的草酸鈷沉淀樣品中的純度較高且晶型良好。綜上所述,采用硫酸-甘蔗渣體系對(duì)電極材料進(jìn)行酸浸,采用草酸銨作為沉鈷劑對(duì)金屬Co進(jìn)行回收取得了一定的效果,同時(shí)回收了金屬鋰,并實(shí)現(xiàn)了甘蔗渣的二次利用,采用該方法回收廢舊鋰離子電池陰極材料中鈷具有一定的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:The widespread use of mobile devices such as mobile phones and portable computers has contributed to a large increase in the production and use of lithium-ion batteries, but the lifetime of lithium-ion batteries has been limited to a few years. As a result, the annual production of discarded lithium ion batteries in China continues to increase. If the discarded lithium ion battery enters the environment without harmful treatment, it will not only cause great pollution to the environment, but also cause great harm to human health. At the same time, the waste lithium ion battery contains a large number of valuable metals, especially cobalt, so it is of great value to realize the recovery and reuse of valuable metal resources in the waste lithium ion battery. In this study, 18650 type lithium ion battery, which is widely used in portable notebook computer, is selected as the research object. Firstly, the waste lithium ion battery was disassembled by discharge and broken, and the cathode material was soaked to separate the active material LiCoO2 and aluminum foil. After obtaining LiCoO2, an active substance in waste Li-ion battery, acid leaching was carried out with sulfuric acid and bagasse system. Cobalt was leached from the electrode material of waste lithium ion battery. The influence of various reaction factors on the leaching rate of cobalt was studied. The optimum conditions for acid leaching of sulphuric acid-bagasse system were obtained by response surface optimization experiment. The reaction mechanism of bagasse to improve leaching effect was discussed. The feasibility of acid leaching in sulphuric acid-bagasse system was discussed. Finally, the effect of various reaction factors on cobalt recovery was studied by precipitation of cobalt in leaching solution of ammonium oxalate solution. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscope, inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer and X-ray diffraction analyzer. The results of the study show that 1: 1. In the separation experiment of lithium cobalt oxide and aluminum foil, the optimum conditions are as follows: the concentration of NaOH solution at room temperature is 2.5 mol / L, the reaction time is 9 h, and the powder is not comminuted. The optimum conditions of acid leaching experiment were as follows: the concentration of sulfuric acid solution was 2.54 mol / L, the amount of sulfuric acid solution was 20 mL / L, the reaction temperature was 80 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2075010