發(fā)布時間：2018-06-26 01:01

  本文選題：重金屬 + 煙草��； 參考：《福建農(nóng)林大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：為了探討施用不同鈍化劑對煙草吸收富集鎘、鉛的效果,采用盆栽試驗研究了消石灰、硅酸鈉和羥基磷灰石對鎘、鉛復合污染土壤上的煙草鎘、鉛吸收富集的影響。結果表明:(1)土壤pH值均隨三種鈍化劑用量的增大而升高,土壤有效鎘、鉛(DTPA-提取)含量則隨之降低。土壤有效鎘降幅最大的處理是 32g·kg-1 羥基磷灰石(52.4%)6g·kg-1 石灰(37%)2.5g·kg-1硅酸鈉(14.1%)。土壤有效鉛降幅最大的處理是32 g·kg-1羥基磷灰石(58.5%)16 g·kg-1 石灰(35.7%)12.5 g·kg-1 硅酸鈉(18.1%)。(2)三種鈍化劑都促進了煙草的生長,在增加煙草葉片數(shù)和增大葉面積方面的效果大小為:羥基磷灰石石灰硅酸鈉;在提升煙株生長高度方面的效果大小為:石灰羥基磷灰石硅酸鈉;對煙株不同部位干重增加的效果依次為:石灰羥基磷灰石硅酸鈉,對不同部位生物量的增加效果依次為:莖葉根。(3)除了施用2.5 g·kg-1硅酸鈉處理外,三種鈍化劑均抑制了煙草各部位對Cd的吸收富集,抑制程度隨鈍化劑用量的增加呈增大趨勢。在鎘和鉛嚴重污染的土壤上、高施用量處理(8～16 g·kg-1石灰或7.5～12.5 g·kg-1硅酸鈉或8～32 g·kg-1羥基磷灰石)條件下,3種鈍化劑對煙葉鎘含量的降低效果依次為:石灰羥基磷灰石硅酸鈉。(4)低施用量(2、4g·kg-1)石灰或低施用量(2、4g·kg-1)羥基磷灰石略微提高了煙葉中的鉛含量,而高施用量(12、16 g·kg-1)的石灰或高施用量(16、32 g·kg-1)的羥基磷灰石則表現(xiàn)出了對煙葉富集鉛的顯著抑制作用,施用16 g·kg-1石灰處理和施用32 g·kg-1羥基磷灰石處理的煙葉鉛含量均降至鉛限量標準(15mg·kg-1)以下。施用硅酸鈉沒有對煙葉中鉛含量產(chǎn)生影響。(5)鎘從根系向莖部的轉移是鎘在地上部累積的限制環(huán)節(jié)。石灰和羥基磷灰石對鎘從根到莖之間的轉移無顯著影響,而硅酸鈉則降低了鎘從根到莖之間的轉移。石灰、高施用量(7.5、10、12.5g·kg-1)硅酸鈉和羥基磷灰石可以有效抑制根部從土壤中吸收鉛和鉛從根部向地上部的轉移,但施用三種鈍化劑都促進了鉛從煙株莖向煙葉的轉移。(6)施用石灰和羥基磷灰石對土壤有效鎘和有效鉛的降低是引起煙草根部鎘和鉛含量降低的主要原因。施用石灰和羥基磷灰石對土壤有效鎘的降低是抑制煙葉富集鎘的重要原因,而硅酸鈉的效果較復雜。施用石灰和羥基磷灰石抑制煙葉富集鉛的植物體內(nèi)的機制主要是抑制煙株根系對鉛的吸收。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effect of different passivating agents on the absorption and enrichment of cadmium and lead in tobacco, pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of lime, sodium silicate and hydroxyapatite on the absorption and enrichment of cadmium and lead in tobacco on the soil polluted by cadmium and lead. The results showed that: (1) the pH value of soil increased with the increase of the amount of three passivating agents, and the contents of available cadmium and lead (DTPA-extract) decreased with the increase of the amount of three passivators. The treatment with the largest decrease in available cadmium was 32g kg-1 hydroxyapatite (52.4%), 6g kg-1 lime (37%) and 2.5g kg-1 sodium silicate (14.1%). The most significant reduction of available lead in soil was that 32 g kg-1 hydroxyapatite (58.5%), 16 g kg-1 lime (35.7%) and 12.5 g kg-1 sodium silicate (18.1%). (2) promoted the growth of tobacco. The effects of increasing tobacco leaf number and leaf area were as follows: sodium hydroxyapatite lime silicate and lime hydroxyapatite sodium silicate in raising the height of tobacco plant. The effect of increasing dry weight of different parts of tobacco plant was: lime hydroxyapatite sodium silicate, biomass of different parts in turn: stem and leaf root. (3) except for the treatment of 2.5 g sodium silicate, The absorption and enrichment of CD in different parts of tobacco were inhibited by the three passivators, and the inhibition degree increased with the increase of the amount of passivator. In the soil heavily polluted by cadmium and lead, The decreasing effects of three passivators on cadmium content in tobacco leaves under high application conditions (8g kg-1 lime or 7.5 g kg-1 sodium silicate or 832 g kg-1 hydroxyapatite) were as follows: lime hydroxyapatite sodium silicate. (4) low dosage (2g kg-1). Lime or low dosage (2g kg-1) hydroxyapatite slightly increased the lead content in tobacco leaves. The lime with high application rate (12g / kg-1) or hydroxyapatite with high application rate (163g / kg-1) showed significant inhibitory effect on Pb enrichment in tobacco leaves. The lead content of tobacco leaves treated with 16 g kg-1 lime and 32 g kg-1 hydroxyapatite decreased below the lead limit standard (15mg kg-1). The application of sodium silicate had no effect on the content of lead in tobacco leaves. (5) the transfer of cadmium from root to stem was the limitation of cadmium accumulation in shoot. Lime and hydroxyapatite had no significant effect on the transfer of cadmium from root to stem, while sodium silicate decreased the transfer of cadmium from root to stem. Lime, sodium silicate and hydroxyapatite at high application rate (7.5 ~ 10g kg-1) could effectively inhibit the transfer of lead and lead from the root to the ground. However, the application of three passivating agents promoted the transfer of lead from stem to leaf. (6) the decrease of available cadmium and available lead in soil by applying lime and hydroxyapatite was the main reason for the decrease of cadmium and lead content in tobacco roots. The decrease of available cadmium in soil by applying lime and hydroxyapatite is an important reason to inhibit the accumulation of cadmium in tobacco leaves, but the effect of sodium silicate is more complex. The mechanism of applying lime and hydroxyapatite to inhibit Pb accumulation in tobacco leaves is to inhibit the absorption of Pb by tobacco roots.
【學位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X53

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