本文選題：Gemini表面活性劑 + Gemini膠團強化超濾法�。� 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：鎳和鉛等重金屬對人體有極大傷害,通過合適的處理手段使含鎳和含鉛廢水達到相應(yīng)的法規(guī)標準再排出是解決含鎳和鉛廢水的有效途徑。目前,化學(xué)氧化法、離子交換、化學(xué)沉淀、吸附法、電化學(xué)法和浮選法等方法得以廣泛應(yīng)用。但是以上方法大多存在處理條件苛刻、工藝過程復(fù)雜以及設(shè)備能耗大等不足。近年來,在處理重金屬廢水領(lǐng)域,膠團強化超濾法(MEUF)表現(xiàn)出了明顯的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢,然而這種方法存在的表面活性劑使用量大,且易造成水體二次污染缺點,局限了其發(fā)展與使用。因此,本課題擬合成一種陰離子型Gemini表面活性劑(G1),將其應(yīng)用于GMEUF法處理含鎳廢水及同時含鎳和含鉛廢水的研究中,以克服傳統(tǒng)MEUF法存在的表面活性劑用量大易造成二次污染的問題。優(yōu)化工藝條件,并與應(yīng)用傳統(tǒng)MEUF法進行同條件比較,根據(jù)實驗結(jié)果,對GMEUF法的優(yōu)缺點做以客觀的評價。具體研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)制備Gemini表面活性劑G1,表征其純度和結(jié)構(gòu)。最終產(chǎn)出較高純度的目標產(chǎn)物。(2)電導(dǎo)法測出的G1臨界膠束濃度(CMC)數(shù)據(jù)值等于1.298×10-4 mol/L低于原用的表面活性劑SDS(十二烷基硫酸鈉)(CMC=7.770×10-3 mol/L)約2個數(shù)量級。(3)利用自行合成的Gemini表面活性劑G1,應(yīng)用GMEUF法對單獨含鎳廢水的處理進行研究。實驗結(jié)果可知:G1的用量為1 CMC(1.298×10-4 mol/L);運行時間為20 min;運行壓力為0.07 MPa;pH值為5.20(不改變進料液的酸堿度)為最佳工藝條件。最佳工藝參數(shù)條件下五次重復(fù)性實驗,截留率和回收比的相對標準偏差均不超過5%,說明本工藝重復(fù)性較強。并且與傳統(tǒng)MEUF法(以SDS表面活性劑)進行對比,表面活性劑的投入量降低約100倍;滲透液中的表面活性劑降低約250倍;表面活性劑G1的去除效果提高約1.6倍。(4)利用自行合成的Gemini表面活性劑G1,應(yīng)用GMEUF法對含鎳和含鉛混合廢水的處理進行研究。結(jié)論如下:G1的投料量為1.5 CMC(1.947×10-4 mol/L);運行時間為20 min;運行壓力為0.07 MPa;pH值為5.10(不改變進料液的酸堿度)為最佳工藝條件。最佳工藝參數(shù)條件下五次重復(fù)性實驗,截留率和回收比的相對標準偏差均不超過5%,說明本工藝重復(fù)性較強。并且與傳統(tǒng)MEUF法(以SDS表面活性劑)進行對比,表面活性劑的投入量降低約60倍;表面活性劑G1在滲透液中的含量下降約160倍;表面活性劑G1的去除效果上升約1.5倍。本課題的研究,不僅是對GMEUF處理含單一重金屬廢水的嘗試,而且是對GMEUF處理含混合重金屬廢水領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用的探索。
[Abstract]:Heavy metals such as nickel and lead have great harm to human body. It is an effective way to solve the waste water containing nickel and lead by proper treatment means to make the waste water containing nickel and lead meet the corresponding legal standard. At present, chemical oxidation, ion exchange, chemical precipitation, adsorption, electrochemical and flotation methods have been widely used. However, most of the above methods have some disadvantages, such as harsh treatment conditions, complex process and large energy consumption. In recent years, micelle enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUFF) has shown obvious technical advantages in the treatment of heavy metal wastewater. However, the application of surfactant in this method is large, and it is easy to cause secondary pollution of water, which limits its development and application. Therefore, a kind of anionic Gemini surfactant G _ (1) has been developed and applied to the treatment of nickel-containing wastewater by GMEUF process as well as to the treatment of wastewater containing both nickel and lead. In order to overcome the problem of secondary pollution caused by high dosage of surfactant in traditional mef method. The process conditions were optimized and compared with the same conditions using the traditional mef method. Based on the experimental results, the advantages and disadvantages of the GMEUF method were evaluated objectively. Gemini surfactant G _ 1 was prepared, and its purity and structure were characterized. Final high purity target product. 2) the G 1 critical micelle concentration data measured by conductance method is equal to 1.298 脳 10 ~ (-4) mol / L lower than that of the original surfactant SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate 7.770 脳 10 ~ (-3) mol / L) by using the self-synthesized Gemini. The treatment of nickel-containing wastewater by GMEUF method was studied. The results show that the optimum technological conditions are the dosage of 1 CMCU 1.298 脳 10 ~ (-4) mol / L ~ (-1), the running time of 20 min and the pH value of 5.20 (without changing the pH of the feed solution) at the operating pressure of 0.07 MPA 路L ~ (-1). Under the optimum process parameters, the relative standard deviations of rejection rate and recovery ratio were not more than 5, which indicated that the process was more reproducible. Compared with the traditional MEUF method (SDS surfactant), the amount of surfactant input was reduced by about 100 times, and the surfactant in osmotic solution was reduced by about 250 times. The removal efficiency of surfactant G1 was improved by about 1.6 times. (4) the treatment of mixed wastewater containing nickel and lead was studied by GMEUF using Gemini surfactant G1, which was synthesized by ourselves. Conclusion the optimum technological conditions are as follows: 1. 5 CMCU 1.947 脳 10 ~ (-4) mol 路L ~ (-1) L ~ (-1), running time 20 min and running pressure 0.07 MPA ~ (-1) pH 5.10 (without changing the pH of the feed). Under the optimum process parameters, the relative standard deviations of rejection rate and recovery ratio were not more than 5, which indicated that the process was more reproducible. Compared with the traditional MEUF method (SDS surfactant), the amount of surfactant input decreased about 60 times, the content of surfactant G1 in osmotic solution decreased about 160 times, and the removal efficiency of surfactant G1 increased about 1.5 times. The research of this subject is not only the attempt of GMEUF to treat the wastewater containing single heavy metals, but also the exploration of the application of GMEUF in the treatment of wastewater containing mixed heavy metals.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703;TQ423

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 尚秀麗;楊風(fēng)林;夏德強;周萃文;;改性殼聚糖對廢水中鎳離子的吸附研究[J];化工新型材料;2016年07期

2 劉保峰;魏世強;;土壤胡敏酸對鎳離子吸附特征研究[J];環(huán)境衛(wèi)生工程;2016年03期

3 肖隆庚;;含鎳電鍍廢水處理技術(shù)研究概述[J];廣東化工;2016年03期

4 曾堅賢;張學(xué)俊;張鵬;劉國清;易良剛;田俊;李敏;;陶瓷膜微濾-聚合物強化超濾處理高濃度含鎳廢水[J];過程工程學(xué)報;2016年01期

5 楊靜;;電感耦合等離子體發(fā)射光譜法(ICP-OES)與石墨爐原子吸收光譜法測定飲用水中重金屬元素的比較[J];中國無機分析化學(xué);2015年04期

6 王婷;吳明華;賴亞琴;;Gemini表面活性劑——二甘醇雙馬來酸十二烷基單乙醇胺雙酯磺酸鈉的合成與性能研究[J];浙江理工大學(xué)學(xué)報;2013年05期

7 孔勁松;王曉偉;姚青旭;;含活化產(chǎn)物放射性廢水的膠束強化超濾處理研究[J];核動力工程;2012年04期

8 何飛頂;李華昌;馮先進;;電感耦合等離子體原子發(fā)射光譜法(ICP-AES)測定紅土鎳礦中的Cd、Co、Cu、Mg、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn、Ca9種元素[J];中國無機分析化學(xué);2011年02期

9 吳軍;;雙子表面活性劑的結(jié)構(gòu)特點與表面活性[J];廣州化工;2010年12期

10 魏良江;;電感耦合等離子體原子發(fā)射光譜分析研究進展[J];廣東微量元素科學(xué);2010年04期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 李雪;SDS膠團強化超濾處理含鎘—亞甲藍復(fù)合廢水的應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究[D];湖南大學(xué);2011年

2 方瑤瑤;陰離子表面活性劑膠團強化超濾去除鎘離子的應(yīng)用研究[D];湖南大學(xué);2009年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 歐陽振中;含鉛工業(yè)廢水吸附—超濾集成技術(shù)的研究[D];湖南科技大學(xué);2014年

2 熊亞蘭;MEUF中不同的表面活性劑膠團對苯酚的分離影響研究[D];湖南大學(xué);2013年

3 田立華;TiO_2/MCM-41在金屬離子分析和降解有機污染物中的應(yīng)用研究[D];煙臺大學(xué);2012年

4 李春杰;新型Gemini表面活性劑的合成及表面性能研究[D];東北師范大學(xué);2008年

5 宗平;陽離子Gemini表面活性劑在染整加工中的應(yīng)用[D];蘇州大學(xué);2006年

，

本文編號：2032525