本文選題：有機(jī)質(zhì) + 土壤重金屬��； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會和人口數(shù)量的快速發(fā)展,人們對糧食的需求越來越高。為了提高作物產(chǎn)量,土壤中施用了大量的肥料,同時(shí)為了保持和提高土壤肥力,改善生態(tài)環(huán)境,有機(jī)肥的使用量大大增加。有機(jī)肥又以畜牧糞為主,但近些年養(yǎng)殖業(yè)生產(chǎn)中大量使用飼料添加劑,促進(jìn)動物生長、防止病害、提高飼料利用效率等,由于飼料添加劑中含有大量的重金屬,動物體內(nèi)的重金屬隨糞便排出,進(jìn)而使有機(jī)肥中重金屬的含量增加。因此,研究有機(jī)肥對土壤中重金屬含量、玉米籽粒中重金屬含量和土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量的影響,對進(jìn)一步挖掘有機(jī)肥對土壤和作物重金屬污染具有重要的意義。本研究以黑龍江省海林農(nóng)場二分場為研究對象,設(shè)置5個(gè)處理,100%有機(jī)肥(T1);30%有機(jī)肥+70%化肥(T2);20%有機(jī)肥+80%化肥(T3);100%化肥(T4);不施肥(CK),將肥料連續(xù)3年(2013-2015)施用到土壤中,分別測定土壤中重金屬Cd、Cr、Ni、As、Hg、Pb、Cu、Zn含量的變化;2015年玉米籽粒中重金屬Cd、Cr、Ni、As、Pb、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu含量的變化。(1)同年試驗(yàn)中,隨著有機(jī)肥在施用肥料中比例增加,T1處理土壤中重金屬Cd、Cr、Ni、As、Hg、Pb、Cu、Zn的含量在2013、2014、2015年中分別高出CK 76.92%、126.43%、175.86%;77.94%、76.62%、77.60%;23.95%、92.53%、136.35%;50.21%、70.48%、94.57%;34.57%、60.87%、83.56%;34.82%、45.94%、63.46%;69.19%、95.11%、124.47%;15.75%、47.88%、64.16%;T1處理土壤中重金屬含量顯著高于T2、T3、T4和CK(P0.05)。連續(xù)三年試驗(yàn)中,土壤中重金屬Cd、Cr、Ni、As、Hg、Pb、Cu、Zn含量T1處理在2014較2013年增加了37.83%、51.42%;1.80%、3.31%;67.16%、26.69%;2015較2014年增加了14.69%、15.97%;19.55%、20.72%;14.64%、14.78%;16.25%、15.83%;27.19%、12.96%;T1處理增加的比例均較T2、T3、T4和CK四個(gè)處理高,T1處理的含量也顯著高于其他四個(gè)處理(P0.05)。形成污染的元素有:Cd含量超過了國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的6%;Ni含量超過了國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的2%;Pb含量最大值為83.59 mg/kg,高于國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的80 mg/kg;有一些元素雖然沒有形成污染,但是隨著有機(jī)肥施用量不斷的增加和施用時(shí)間的增長,對土壤形成了潛在的污染威脅。(2)同年試驗(yàn)中,隨著有機(jī)肥的施用比例增加,T1處理玉米籽粒中重金屬Cd、Cr、Ni、As、Pb、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu的含量比CK增加了106.78%;145.88%、208.06%、23.53%、50.00%、22.07%、53.86%、106.78%、66.91%,T1處理的含量顯著高于T2、T3、T4和CK四個(gè)處理(P0.05)。Cd、Cr、Ni、As、Pb、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu含量均未沒有超過國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但隨著逐年元素含量的增加已經(jīng)接近了國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的元素,對玉米籽粒形成了潛在的污染威脅。土壤中重金屬與玉米籽粒中重金屬含量相關(guān)性分析表明,玉米籽粒中重金屬含量與土壤中重金屬呈顯著正相關(guān)的關(guān)系。(3)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)研究表明,超過國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的重金屬元素有Cd 0.48 mg/kg超過了國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的6%,Ni超過國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的2%,As最大值為20.82 mg/kg,雖然低于國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的30 mg/kg,但是也已經(jīng)接近污染的數(shù)值,Pb最大值為83.59 mg/kg,高于國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的80 mg/kg,Cu最大值為76.32 mg/kg,低于國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的100 mg/kg;玉米籽粒中重金屬Ni、As、Cd、Pb、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Cr含量,隨著向土壤中施用有機(jī)肥的比例的增加和時(shí)間的增長,土壤中重金屬的含量均有所增加,重金屬Cd、Cr、Cu最大值都接近了國家糧食安全的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而沒有形成污染的元素重金屬含量也在不斷的增加,對土壤和籽粒中的重金屬含量有著潛在的威脅。(4)有機(jī)質(zhì)和重金屬的相關(guān)關(guān)系研究表明,土壤中Cd、Hg、Pb、Cr、Ni、Cu、As、Zn含量的升高與土壤中的四種有機(jī)質(zhì)含量有顯著正相關(guān)的關(guān)系(p0.01);玉米籽粒中Ni、As、Cd、Pb、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn含量的升高與土壤中的四種有機(jī)質(zhì)含量有顯著正相關(guān)的關(guān)系(p0.01)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of society and population, the demand for grain is getting higher and higher. In order to improve the crop yield, a lot of fertilizer is applied in the soil. At the same time, in order to keep and improve the soil fertility and improve the ecological environment, the amount of organic manure is greatly increased. The organic manure is mainly animal manure, but in recent years, a large number of livestock production is produced. The feed additives are used to promote the growth of animals, prevent diseases and improve the utilization efficiency of feed. Because of the heavy metals in the feed additives, heavy metals in the animals are discharged with the feces, and the content of heavy metals in the organic fertilizer is increased. Therefore, the heavy metal content in soil and the heavy metal content in corn grain are studied. The influence of soil organic matter content is of great significance to the further excavation of organic manure for soil and heavy metal pollution. In this study, 5 treatments, 100% organic manure (T1), 30% organic fertilizer +70% fertilizer (T2), 20% organic fertilizer +80% fertilizer (T3), 100% fertilizer (T4), and no fertilizer (CK), will be set up in the two division of the farm in Heilongjiang province. The changes in the content of heavy metals Cd, Cr, Ni, As, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn in soil were measured in the soil for 3 years (2013-2015), and the changes in the content of heavy metals in corn grains in 2015 were changed. (1) in the same year, the proportion of heavy metals in the fertilizer was increased with the proportion of organic fertilizer in the fertilizer application. The content of Zn was higher than that of CK 76.92%, 126.43%, 175.86%, 77.94%, 76.62%, 77.60%, 23.95%, 92.53%, 136.35%, 50.21%, 70.48%, 94.57%, 94.57%; T1 treatment soil heavy metal content was significantly higher than that of T2, T3, T4 and CK (P0.05). In the experiment, the content of Cd, Cr, Ni, As, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn content in the soil increased by 37.83%, 51.42%, 1.80%, 3.31%, 67.16%, 26.69%; 2015 compared to 2014, and increased by 14.69%, 15.97%, 19.55%, 20.72%, 14.64%, 14.78%; T1 treatment increased It was also significantly higher than the other four treatments (P0.05). The contents of pollution were: the content of Cd exceeded the national standard 6%; the Ni content exceeded the national standard 2%; the Pb content was 83.59 mg/kg, higher than the national standard 80 mg/kg; some elements did not form pollution, but with the continuous increase and application time of organic fertilizer application. (2) in the same year, the content of heavy metals Cd, Cr, Ni, As, Pb, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, increased by 106.78%, 145.88%, 208.06%, 23.53%, 50%, 22.07%, 53.86%, 106.78%, 66.91%. The contents of (P0.05).Cd, Cr, Ni, As, Pb, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu have not exceeded the national standard, but as the content of the elements increased year by year, it has been close to the national standard elements, forming a potential pollution threat to corn grains. The correlation analysis between heavy metals in soil and heavy metal content in corn seed grains shows that heavy metals in corn grains contain heavy metals. 3. (3) the risk assessment study showed that the heavy metal elements exceeding the national standard had Cd 0.48 mg/kg exceeding the national standard 6%, Ni exceeded the national standard 2%, and the As maximum was 20.82 mg/kg, although it was lower than the national standard 30 mg /kg, but it was also close to the pollution value, the maximum value of Pb was 8. 3.59 mg/kg, higher than national standard 80 mg/kg, Cu maximum value of 76.32 mg/kg, lower than national standard 100 mg/kg; heavy metals Ni, As, Cd, Pb, Fe, Fe, Mn, Cu, the content of heavy metals in the soil, with the increase in the proportion of organic manure and the increase of time. Close to the standard of national food security, while the content of heavy metals in the elements without pollution is increasing, and there is a potential threat to the heavy metal content in soil and grain. (4) the relationship between organic matter and heavy metals shows that the increase of Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Zn content in soil and four organic matter in the soil There was a significant positive correlation (P0.01); the increase of Ni, As, Cd, Pb, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn content in corn grains was significantly correlated with the content of four organic matter in the soil (P0.01).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X53;X503.231;S513

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