本文選題：醫(yī)療飛灰 + 零價(jià)鐵　； 參考：《河南師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：醫(yī)療垃圾焚燒飛灰中富集著大量的重金屬,如何實(shí)現(xiàn)醫(yī)療飛灰無(wú)害化和資源化利用目的,對(duì)于重金屬的污染控制具有重要意義。零價(jià)鐵對(duì)醫(yī)療飛灰進(jìn)行脫毒技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,為危險(xiǎn)廢物的處理提供一種新的途徑。本文介紹了醫(yī)療飛灰的研究背景、處理技術(shù)以及反應(yīng)機(jī)理,提出利用零價(jià)鐵去除醫(yī)療焚燒飛灰中重金屬的方法。主要以醫(yī)療焚燒飛灰中重金屬為研究對(duì)象,試驗(yàn)了不同影響因素,如:不同pH值,零價(jià)鐵的投加量,溶液反應(yīng)溫度,不同反應(yīng)時(shí)間以及不同粒徑零價(jià)鐵對(duì)重金屬去除的影響,研究飛灰殘?jiān)龆拘?零價(jià)鐵表面重金屬XPS分析,探討了零價(jià)鐵對(duì)醫(yī)療飛灰重金屬去除機(jī)理,最后通過(guò)醫(yī)療飛灰洗脫裝置對(duì)醫(yī)療飛灰進(jìn)行連續(xù)脫毒試驗(yàn),并針對(duì)零價(jià)鐵脫毒后醫(yī)療飛灰的毒性進(jìn)行分析,以此增加飛灰資源化效率。本次探究主要得出以下結(jié)論:(1)醫(yī)療垃圾焚燒飛灰中富集著大量的重金屬,如Zn、Cu、Pb、As、Cr、Ni、Cd的含量分別為38852.5、6967.2、2719.7、458.2、360.7、301.6和60.3mg/kg。遠(yuǎn)高于我國(guó)土壤背景值,表明醫(yī)療飛灰具有很強(qiáng)的危害性,TCLP浸出實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,Zn、Pb和Cu等重金屬浸出濃度最大,且濃度范圍超出危險(xiǎn)廢物鑒別標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對(duì)環(huán)境具有較高潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。(2)零價(jià)鐵在不同pH條件下處理效果明顯不同。pH值為4時(shí),醫(yī)療飛灰中含量較高的Cu、Pb、Zn等元素在零價(jià)鐵處理下效果更加明顯,而在洗脫液pH值為2時(shí),零價(jià)鐵對(duì)飛灰中Cr、Cd、As的處理效果相對(duì)明顯,溫度的變化對(duì)飛灰重金屬的去除影響較小。高溫環(huán)境和相對(duì)較低的溫度都不利于零價(jià)鐵對(duì)醫(yī)療飛灰的處理。過(guò)量零價(jià)鐵的投加對(duì)醫(yī)療飛灰重金屬的去除效率貢獻(xiàn)不大,零價(jià)鐵與醫(yī)療飛灰反應(yīng)時(shí)間不同,重金屬去除率也不一樣,當(dāng)反應(yīng)12h時(shí),Cu、Zn和Cr的浸出達(dá)到最低。粒徑越小,零價(jià)鐵還原性越高,處理效果明顯,但其穩(wěn)定性降低。(3)醫(yī)療飛灰殘?jiān)拘澡b別實(shí)驗(yàn)中,TCLP實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,醫(yī)療飛灰中Zn的浸出濃度由原樣的702mg/L下降到97mg/L,Pb的浸出濃度由19.54mg/L降到了0.13mg/L,Cd的浸出由1.43mg/L降到了0.29mg/L,PBET體外模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)表明飛灰殘?jiān)跇O端條件下進(jìn)入人體內(nèi),在蛋白質(zhì)等有機(jī)物作用下重金屬的浸出濃度增大,而長(zhǎng)期浸出實(shí)驗(yàn)MEP中醫(yī)療飛灰Cu、Pb和Zn浸出濃度有所增加,Zn的累積浸出濃度超過(guò)了危險(xiǎn)廢物毒性鑒別標(biāo)準(zhǔn),仍然具有較高的環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。(4)X射線光電子譜(XPS)對(duì)零價(jià)鐵混合物進(jìn)行表征,由零價(jià)鐵反應(yīng)物XPS總圖譜可知,零價(jià)鐵表面出現(xiàn)了Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd和Pb的特征峰,表明這些重金屬反應(yīng)后吸附在零價(jià)鐵表面。Cu_2p電子結(jié)合能譜出現(xiàn)在932.4eV和952.2eV,兩個(gè)峰分別為Cu(0)和Cu(Ⅱ),Cu(Ⅱ)的去除主要以化學(xué)還原形式發(fā)生,Cd主要以Cd(Ⅱ)形式存在,并未出現(xiàn)Cd(0)的特征峰。(5)不同毒性鑒別方法中重金屬浸出比例不同,TCLP實(shí)驗(yàn)中,Pb和Zn的可交換態(tài)溶出占比例較高,PBET和MEP實(shí)驗(yàn)中不同價(jià)態(tài)重金屬均有浸出,尤其交換態(tài)和碳酸鹽結(jié)合態(tài),說(shuō)明這兩種體系中溶出能力較強(qiáng),而飛灰的處理需由飛灰的特性及實(shí)際環(huán)境進(jìn)行綜合判定。(6)工業(yè)鐵屑脫毒裝置對(duì)醫(yī)療飛灰進(jìn)行脫毒結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)過(guò)零價(jià)鐵脫毒柱脫毒,醫(yī)療飛灰TCLP中Zn、Cu、Pb和Cd毒性浸出濃度進(jìn)一步降低,分別為13.15、5.75、0.09和0.01mg/L,遠(yuǎn)低于危險(xiǎn)廢物浸出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。且飛灰綜合評(píng)價(jià)浸出濃度均能滿足生活垃圾填埋場(chǎng)入場(chǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),說(shuō)明醫(yī)療飛灰的無(wú)害化效果明顯。
[Abstract]:A large number of heavy metals are enriched in the fly ash of medical waste incineration. How to realize the harmless and resource utilization of medical fly ash is of great significance to the pollution control of heavy metals. The application of zero valent iron to medical fly ash is used to provide a new way for the treatment of hazardous waste. The study of medical fly ash is introduced in this paper. Background, treatment technology and reaction mechanism, the method of removing heavy metals in medical incineration fly ash by zero valent iron is proposed. The main factors are the heavy metal in the fly ash of medical incineration, and the different influence factors, such as the pH value, the dosage of zero valent iron, the temperature of the solution reaction, the different reaction time and the heavy gold with different particle size zero valent iron are tested. In the influence of removal, the toxicity of fly ash residue leaching and the analysis of heavy metal XPS on zero valent iron surface were studied. The mechanism of the removal of heavy metals from medical fly ash by zero valent iron was discussed. Finally, the continuous detoxification test of medical fly ash was carried out by medical fly ash elution device, and the toxicity of medical fly ash after zero valent iron detoxification was analyzed in order to increase the cost of fly ash. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) a large number of heavy metals are enriched in the fly ash of medical waste incineration, such as Zn, Cu, Pb, As, Cr, Ni, and Cd, respectively, 38852.56967.22719.7458.2360.7301.6 and 60.3mg/kg. are far higher than the soil background values of our country, indicating that the medical fly ash has a strong harmfulness, TCLP leaching experiments show that Z, Z The concentration of heavy metals such as N, Pb and Cu is the largest, and the concentration range exceeds the hazardous waste identification standard. (2) when the treatment effect of zero valent iron is obviously different under different pH conditions, the.PH value is 4, the higher content of Cu, Pb, Zn and other elements in the medical fly ash are more obvious under the zero valent iron treatment, but in the pH value of the eluent. At 2, the treatment effect of zero valent iron on Cr, Cd and As in fly ash is relatively obvious. The change of temperature has little effect on the removal of heavy metals in fly ash. High temperature environment and relatively low temperature are not conducive to the treatment of medical fly ash by zero valent iron. The addition of excessive zero valent iron contributes little to the removal efficiency of medical fly ash heavy gold, zero valent iron and medical flight. When the reaction time is different, the removal rate of heavy metals is different. When the reaction 12h, the leaching of Cu, Zn and Cr is the lowest. The smaller the particle size, the higher the reducibility of the zero valent iron, the treatment effect is obvious, but the stability is reduced. (3) the TCLP experiment shows that the leaching concentration of Zn in the medical fly ash is decreased from the original 702mg/L. To 97mg/L, the leaching concentration of Pb was reduced from 19.54mg/L to 0.13mg/L, the leaching of Cd was reduced from 1.43mg/L to 0.29mg/L. In vitro simulation experiment of PBET showed that the residue of fly ash entered human body under extreme conditions, and the leaching concentration of heavy metals increased under the action of protein and other organic substances, while the long-term leaching experiment of MEP traditional Chinese medicine for fly ash Cu, Pb and Zn leaching concentration were found. The cumulative leaching concentration of Zn was higher than the hazardous waste toxicity identification standard and still had high environmental risk. (4) the X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to characterize the zero valent iron mixture. It was known from the XPS total Atlas of the zero valent iron reactant that the characteristic peaks of Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd and Pb appeared on the surface of the zero valent iron, indicating the adsorption of these heavy metals after the reaction. The.Cu_2p electron binding energy spectrum of the zero valent iron surface appears in 932.4eV and 952.2eV, two peaks are Cu (0) and Cu (II), Cu (II) is removed mainly by chemical reduction, Cd mainly exists in the form of Cd (II), and there is no characteristic peak of Cd (0). (5) the proportion of heavy metals leaching in different toxicity identification methods is different, TCLP experiments, Pb and Zn can be found. The exchange state dissolution accounts for a higher proportion. The different valence heavy metals in PBET and MEP experiments have been leached, especially the exchange state and the carbonate binding state, which indicates that the dissolution of these two systems is strong, and the treatment of fly ash should be determined by the characteristics of fly ash and the actual environment. (6) the detoxification result of the industrial iron detoxification device for medical fly ash The results showed that the toxic leaching concentration of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in the medical fly ash TCLP was further reduced by the zero valent iron detoxification column, respectively, 13.15,5.75,0.09 and 0.01mg/L, which were far below the standard of hazardous waste leaching, and the comprehensive evaluation of the leaching concentration of fly ash could meet the standard of the domestic waste landfill site, which showed that the harmless effect of medical fly ash was obvious.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X799.5

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