本文選題：異養(yǎng)硝化細(xì)菌 + 固定化��； 參考：《上海海洋大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：水是生命之源,生存之本。但是,全球有30%以上的湖泊(水庫)呈現(xiàn)富營養(yǎng)化狀態(tài),水體的治理刻不容緩。而到目前為止,已經(jīng)有許多研究證明微生物或者沉水植物都能夠有效地治理水體富營養(yǎng)化。此外,微生物與水生植物聯(lián)合修復(fù)作用的研究也已經(jīng)開始,但是大多是把微生物和植物投入到待治理富營養(yǎng)化水體中進(jìn)行凈化。本論文利用從太湖污泥中直接提取的高效土著異養(yǎng)硝化細(xì)菌,將其進(jìn)行最優(yōu)化固定,之后與模塊化的沉水植物(苦草、伊樂藻)聯(lián)合修復(fù)富營養(yǎng)化水體。固定化細(xì)菌解決了細(xì)菌容易隨水體流失的問題,而模塊化水草解決了水草栽種收割困難、低效和勞動強(qiáng)度大等問題。此外,模塊化水草采用苦草、伊樂藻組合方式,增加了水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中物種多樣性和穩(wěn)定性,提高了修復(fù)效果。本研究為太湖水域富營養(yǎng)化水體的治理提供了技術(shù)支持。本研究主要包括3塊內(nèi)容:1、異養(yǎng)高效硝化細(xì)菌的篩選和鑒定;2、異養(yǎng)硝化細(xì)菌包埋條件優(yōu)化;3、固定化硝化細(xì)菌與模塊化沉水植物聯(lián)合修復(fù)效果。⑴通過硝化細(xì)菌的富集、純化、初篩,從太湖污泥中選出培養(yǎng)良好的5株細(xì)菌,觀察細(xì)菌形態(tài)并依據(jù)《伯杰氏細(xì)菌鑒定手冊》初步確定這5株細(xì)菌為異養(yǎng)硝化細(xì)菌。將這5株硝化細(xì)菌分別進(jìn)行硝化特性的測定,結(jié)果表明:5株硝化細(xì)菌的均具有較強(qiáng)的轉(zhuǎn)化氨氮和亞硝態(tài)氮的能力,其中J-4的轉(zhuǎn)化效果最好,48h亞硝態(tài)氮和氨氮的去除率分別達(dá)到了69.00%,90.25%。通過16SrDNA鑒定,J-4屬于成對桿菌屬,并建立該菌的生長發(fā)育樹。⑵通過一系列固化材料對比試驗,選取海藻酸鈉(SA),聚乙二醇(PEG),為固定化包埋載體材料。通過單因素試驗確定包埋載體材料海藻酸鈉(SA),聚乙二醇(PEG),活性炭(AC),CaCl2的正交試驗濃度范圍分別為1.5%-2.5%,7%-9%,1.5%-2.5%,2%-4%。根據(jù)正交試驗結(jié)果及方差分析得知,4種材料中海藻酸鈉(SA)對氨氮的轉(zhuǎn)化率影響最大,其次是聚乙二醇(PEG),再次是CaCl2,而活性炭(AC)影響最小;海藻酸鈉(SA)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、活性炭(AC)、CaCl2最佳濃度分別為2.5%,8%,1.5%,4%。⑶在聯(lián)合處理效果實(shí)驗中設(shè)計6個實(shí)驗組,分別為:A、模擬富營養(yǎng)化水體對照組;B、模擬富營養(yǎng)化水體+游離細(xì)菌;C、模擬富營養(yǎng)化水體+固定化細(xì)菌;D、模擬富營養(yǎng)化水體+模塊化水草;E、模擬富營養(yǎng)化水體+游離細(xì)菌+模塊化水草;F、模擬富營養(yǎng)化水體+固定化細(xì)菌+模塊化水草;每組3個平行。結(jié)果表明,總體上F組去除水中氮磷效果最好,均優(yōu)于其他實(shí)驗組。兩者聯(lián)合作用,12d內(nèi)總氮去除率達(dá)到84.22%,氨氮去除率達(dá)到99%以上,總磷去除率達(dá)到73.79%,CODMN濃度降低41.24%。根據(jù)回歸方程,總氮、總磷和CODMN的去除能力從大到小依次為FEDCB。
[Abstract]:Water is the source of life, the basis of survival. However, more than 30% of global lakes (reservoirs) show eutrophication, water treatment is urgent. So far, many studies have proved that microbes or submerged plants can effectively control eutrophication. In addition, the research on the combined remediation of microbes and aquatic plants has also begun, but most of the microorganisms and plants are put into eutrophication water to be treated for purification. In this paper, the highly efficient aboriginal heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria extracted from the sludge of Taihu Lake were optimized and fixed, and then the eutrophication water body was repaired in combination with the modular submerged plants (Acanthopsis chinensis, Eloidea). The immobilized bacteria can solve the problem of bacteria losing easily with the water body, while the modular water grass can solve the problems such as the difficulty of planting and harvesting, the low efficiency and the high labor intensity. In addition, the modular watergrass uses the combination of bitter grass and Eloidea to increase the species diversity and stability in aquatic ecosystem and improve the restoration effect. This study provides technical support for the treatment of eutrophication water in Taihu Lake. The main contents of this study were as follows: 1, screening and identification of heterotrophic high-efficiency nitrifying bacteria, optimization of embedding conditions of heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria, and purification of immobilized nitrifying bacteria and modular submerged plants by enrichment and purification of nitrobacteria. Five strains of bacteria were selected from the sludge of Taihu Lake. The morphology of the bacteria was observed and the five strains were preliminarily identified as heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria according to "Berger's bacterial Identification Manual". The nitrification characteristics of 5 strains of nitrifying bacteria were determined. The results showed that all of the 5 strains of nitrifying bacteria had strong ability to transform ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen. The removal rate of nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen reached 69.00% and 90.25% respectively. The strain J-4 was identified as a pairwise bacillus by 16s rDNA, and its growth and development tree .2 was established. Through a series of comparative experiments of solidified materials, sodium alginate (SAA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were selected as immobilized carrier materials. The orthogonal experimental concentration range of sodium alginate, polyethylene glycol (PEGN), activated carbon (AC) and calcium chloride (CaCl _ 2) was determined by single factor test. The concentration ranges were 1.5- 2.5cm and 7.9-9.5-2.5-2.5-4, respectively. According to the results of orthogonal test and variance analysis, it was found that sodium alginate SA) had the greatest effect on the conversion of ammonia nitrogen, followed by PEGN, CaCl _ 2 and activated carbon acid. The optimum concentrations of sodium alginate, polyethylene glycol (PEGN), activated carbon (AC) and calcium chloride (CaCl _ 2) were 2.5 and 81.5 and 4.3 respectively. Six experimental groups were designed in the experiment of combined treatment effect. They are: 1: a, simulated eutrophication water control group B, simulated eutrophication water free bacteria C, simulated eutrophication water immobilized bacteria D, simulated eutrophication water modularization water grass Ester, simulated eutrophication water body swimming, simulated eutrophication water body, simulated eutrophication water body immobilization, simulated eutrophication water body, simulated eutrophication water body. In order to simulate the immobilization of bacteria in eutrophication water body, the bacteria modulized water grass was immobilized. Each group had 3 parallels. The results showed that group F had the best removal effect of nitrogen and phosphorus in water, which was superior to other experimental groups. The total nitrogen removal rate, ammonia nitrogen removal rate and total phosphorus removal rate were 84.22, 99% and 41.24% respectively. According to the regression equation, the removal capacity of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and CODMN was FEDCB.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X17;X52

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