發(fā)布時間：2018-06-06 02:24

  本文選題：酚類污染物 + 表面分子印跡��； 參考：《河南師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：酚類化合物作為有機中間體和化學原料被廣泛應(yīng)用于煤氣發(fā)生站、焦化、煉油、醫(yī)藥、農(nóng)藥、油漆、木材防腐等工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程。盡管這些含酚類工業(yè)的發(fā)展給人類生活提供了便利,但由于酚類物質(zhì)是一種環(huán)境激素,可以長時間在生物體內(nèi)蓄積,并且可以通過呼吸道、皮膚組織以及消化系統(tǒng)進入到人體內(nèi),低濃度時可以經(jīng)過生物蓄積引起慢性中毒,高濃度時可以導致急性中毒以及昏迷死亡。因此酚類物質(zhì)以其生物毒性大及持久性強的特性對環(huán)境造成危害。酚類污染物在環(huán)境中大多以痕量存在,并且與多種物質(zhì)共存,使得現(xiàn)有的檢測技術(shù)很難進行直接準確定量。而借助于高效、便捷和抗干擾的前處理手段,是實現(xiàn)對復雜環(huán)境體系中痕量酚類污染物直接分析檢測的有效途徑,這對于保護人體健康和環(huán)境生態(tài)都有著重要的意義。分子印跡聚合物(Molecularly Imprinted Polymer,MIP)作為一種新型的吸附劑材料,具有特異識別性高、性能穩(wěn)定、再生性良好、抗干擾能力強等優(yōu)勢,近年來作為有效的樣品前處理材料,在多個領(lǐng)域得到了應(yīng)用。但是,傳統(tǒng)方法中分子印跡聚合物大多在高毒性有機溶劑中制備,對人體健康造成危害,同時污染環(huán)境。因此,近年來越來越多的學者致力于研究能夠使用環(huán)境友好型溶劑、工藝簡單的分子印跡聚合物制備方法。近年來發(fā)展起來的溶膠凝膠技術(shù),可以在無水乙醇、水等強極性溶劑中反應(yīng),并且制備工藝簡單、成本低廉。本文利用表面分子印跡與溶膠凝膠相結(jié)合的技術(shù),分別以活化硅膠和磁性硅膠為載體,在無水乙醇中制備了2,4-二硝基苯酚和2,4,6-三氯苯酚表面分子印跡聚合物。采用紅外光譜掃描、電鏡掃描、比表面積分析、綜合熱分析等手段對聚合物的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)以及外貌形態(tài)進行了表征;通過靜態(tài)吸附實驗,探討印跡聚合物的吸附模型與吸附性能;聯(lián)合高效液相色譜檢測技術(shù),考察了兩種印跡聚合物對實際環(huán)境樣品中2,4-二硝基苯酚和2,4,6-三氯苯酚的選擇性分離富集吸附性能。主要內(nèi)容如下:1、概述了酚類化合物的用途、污染范圍、危害以及分析檢測方法;查閱分子印跡技術(shù)的發(fā)展以及現(xiàn)狀,具體介紹了分子印跡聚合物的制備方法以及原理;介紹了表面分子印跡技術(shù)和溶膠凝膠技術(shù)的特點以及發(fā)展前景。2、采用表面分子印跡與溶膠凝膠技術(shù)相結(jié)合的技術(shù),在無水乙醇中制備了2,4-二硝基苯酚(2,4-DNP)和2,4,6-三氯苯酚(2,4,6-TCP)兩種酚類表面印跡聚合物。通過紅外光譜掃描、電鏡掃描、比表面積分析、綜合熱分析等手段對聚合物的外貌形態(tài)以及微觀結(jié)構(gòu)進行表征,并探討兩種酚類表面印跡聚合物對目標物的特異性識別機理。3、利用單因子變量法,考察了兩種酚類表面印跡聚合物的吸附等溫線、吸附動力學和選擇性吸附性能等參數(shù)。結(jié)果顯示,MIP_(2,4-DNP)和NIP2,4-DNP對2,4-二硝基苯酚吸附均符合Langmuir吸附模型,而MIP2,4,6-TCP和NIP_(2,4,6-TCP)對2,4,6-三氯苯酚的吸附過程分別符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附模型,兩種酚類表面印跡聚合物對模板底物的吸附過程均符合偽二級動力學模型,以化學吸附為主。4、通過靜態(tài)吸附實驗,對兩種表面印跡聚合物的特異吸附性能進行了考察。結(jié)果顯示,在復雜體系中,兩種酚類表面印跡聚合物都具有很強的抗干擾能力,MIP_(2,4-DNP)對2,4-二硝基酚的去除率可以達到90%左右,而NIP2,4-DNP對2,4-二硝基酚的去除率小于48%;MIP2,4,6-TCP對2,4,6-三氯苯酚的去除率為25%左右,相應(yīng)的NIP_(2,4,6-TCP)對2,4,6-三氯苯酚的去除率為15%左右。5、基于以上的研究內(nèi)容,對本論文做出了總結(jié),并針對分子印跡技術(shù)的局限性和發(fā)展空間進行了展望。
[Abstract]:Phenolic compounds are widely used as organic intermediates and chemical materials in the industrial production process of gas generating stations, coking, refining, medicine, pesticides, paints, and wood preservation. Although the development of these phenolic industries provides convenience for human life, the phenols are a kind of environmental hormone, which can be stored in organisms for a long time. Product, and can enter into the human body through the respiratory tract, skin tissue and digestive system. Low concentration can cause chronic poisoning through biological accumulation. High concentration can lead to acute poisoning and coma and death. Therefore, phenols are harmful to the environment with their biological toxicity and persistent strong characteristics. Phenols are in the ring. The existence of trace amounts and coexistence with a variety of substances makes the existing detection techniques difficult to direct and accurate quantitative. With the help of efficient, convenient and anti-interference pretreatment methods, it is an effective way to realize the direct analysis and detection of Trace Phenolic Pollutants in the complex environment system, which is to protect human health and environment. Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP), as a new type of adsorbent material, has the advantages of high specificity, stable performance, good reproducibility and strong anti-interference ability. As an effective sample front material, it has been applied in many fields in recent years. However, the traditional method has been used in many fields. Most of the medium molecularly imprinted polymers are prepared in highly toxic organic solvents, causing harm to human health and polluting the environment. Therefore, in recent years, more and more scholars have been devoted to the study of the preparation methods of molecular imprinted polymers, which can be used to use environmentally friendly solvents and have simple processes. 2,4- two nitrophenol and 2,4,6- three chlorophenol surface molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared in anhydrous ethanol by using the technology of surface molecular imprinting and sol-gel, using activated silica gel and magnetic silica gel as the carrier, and the surface molecularly imprinted polymer of two nitrophenol and 2,4,6- chlorophenol was prepared in this paper. The microstructure and morphology of the polymer were characterized by spectral scanning, electron microscope scanning, specific surface area analysis and comprehensive thermal analysis. The adsorption model and adsorption properties of the imprinted polymers were investigated by static adsorption experiments. The combined high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to investigate two kinds of imprinted polymers on the actual environmental samples 2. The selective separation and adsorption properties of 4- two nitrophenol and 2,4,6- three chlorophenol are concentrated and enriched. The main contents are as follows: 1, the use of phenolic compounds, the scope of pollution, the damage and the analysis and detection methods are summarized. The development and present situation of molecular imprinting technology are reviewed, and the preparation methods and principles of the molecularly imprinted polymers are introduced and the tables are introduced. The characteristics and development prospect of surface molecularly imprinted technique and sol-gel technology.2, two kinds of phenols of 2,4- two nitrophenol (2,4-DNP) and 2,4,6- three chlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) were prepared by combination of surface molecularly imprinting and sol-gel technology in anhydrous ethanol. Surface area analysis and comprehensive thermal analysis were used to characterize the morphology and microstructure of the polymer. The specific recognition mechanism of two phenols surface imprinted polymers on the target was investigated. The adsorption isotherm, adsorption kinetics and selective adsorption of two phenols were investigated by single factor variable method,.3. The results show that the adsorption of 2,4- two Nitrophenol by MIP_ (2,4-DNP) and NIP2,4-DNP conforms to the Langmuir adsorption model, while the adsorption process of MIP2,4,6-TCP and NIP_ (2,4,6-TCP) to 2,4,6- three chlorophenol is in accordance with the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption model, and the adsorption process of the two phenolic surface imprinted polymers on the template substrate is all in character. The pseudo two kinetics model was used to study the specific adsorption properties of two kinds of surface imprinted polymers by chemical adsorption.4. The results showed that in the complex system, two kinds of phenolics surface imprinted polymers had strong anti-interference ability, and the removal rate of MIP_ (2,4-DNP) to 2,4- was reached. About 90%, the removal rate of NIP2,4-DNP for 2,4- is less than 48%, and the removal rate of MIP2,4,6-TCP for 2,4,6- three chlorophenol is about 25%, and the corresponding NIP_ (2,4,6-TCP) removal rate of 2,4,6- three chlorophenol is about 15%.5. Based on the above research content, this paper is summarized, and the limitations and development of molecular imprinting technology are discussed. The space is prospected.
【學位授予單位】：河南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ424;X830

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本文編號：1984601