本文選題：改良SBR法 + 同步硝化反硝化��； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,我國(guó)在城市污水治理方面取得長(zhǎng)足進(jìn)步,但在農(nóng)村污水治理方面處于剛剛起步階段。我國(guó)農(nóng)村生活污水來源于日常生活用水、堆放垃圾產(chǎn)生的滲濾液、小規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖過程中產(chǎn)生的污水,具有污染物濃度較低變化大、污水量較小、配套污水處理設(shè)施發(fā)展相對(duì)遲緩等特點(diǎn)。由于缺少對(duì)農(nóng)村生活污水的有效控制和管理,導(dǎo)致大量未經(jīng)處理的農(nóng)村生活污水隨意排放,嚴(yán)重影響了農(nóng)村居民的生產(chǎn)和生活。污水中氮磷排放是導(dǎo)致水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化的重要原因,必須加以控制。農(nóng)村具有污水產(chǎn)生量相對(duì)較小、經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)薄弱及農(nóng)村管理人員缺乏及技術(shù)水平相對(duì)較低等狀況,研發(fā)適于農(nóng)村生活污水處理的技術(shù),高效低耗地去除農(nóng)村生活污水中的污染物,對(duì)于改善農(nóng)村生態(tài)環(huán)境、促進(jìn)農(nóng)村可持續(xù)健康發(fā)展具有重要意義。序批式活性污泥法(SBR)具有污泥活性強(qiáng)、耐沖擊負(fù)荷強(qiáng)、運(yùn)行費(fèi)用低、污染物去除率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。本研究通過自主設(shè)計(jì)新型SBR反應(yīng)器,通過改變其曝氣方式,考察了溫度、污泥齡及溶解氧對(duì)COD和氨氮去除效果的影響,穩(wěn)定實(shí)現(xiàn)了同步硝化反硝化(SND)過程,并通過高通量測(cè)序?qū)ο到y(tǒng)內(nèi)微生物多樣性進(jìn)行了分析。曝氣時(shí)間、污泥齡(SRT)、溫度和溶解氧(DO)對(duì)污染物的去除效果影響較大。隨著曝氣時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),NH4+-N和COD濃度均呈現(xiàn)逐漸下降的趨勢(shì),在240min時(shí)基本穩(wěn)定。隨著污泥齡從10d延長(zhǎng)到25 d,NH4+-N、COD及TN的去除效果逐漸增強(qiáng),在污泥齡為20 d時(shí)去除效果最佳,NH4+-N、COD及TN的平均去除率分別為95.04%、98.24%、69.05%。胞外聚合物松散層中多糖和蛋白質(zhì)的含量隨污泥齡的延長(zhǎng)均呈現(xiàn)先增大后減少的趨勢(shì)。而胞外聚合物緊密層中多糖含量較穩(wěn)定無明顯變化,蛋白質(zhì)含量變化趨勢(shì)與松散層一致。溫度影響污染物的去除效果及胞外聚合物的含量。當(dāng)溫度為25℃時(shí),NH4+-N、COD及TN的平均去除率分別可達(dá)97.76%、91.27%、68.76%。溫度從25℃降低至10℃時(shí),NH4+-N、COD及TN的平均去除率分別降低了31.52%、10.74%、15%;低溫導(dǎo)致胞外聚合物松散層中多糖含量增加了11.1 mg/g,蛋白質(zhì)含量減少了6.15 mg/g。比較而言,溫度的降低對(duì)松散層組分含量的影響大于總胞外聚合物及緊密層。溶解氧濃度對(duì)COD及NH4+-N去除效果影響不大,但對(duì)同步硝化反硝化效果影響較大。當(dāng)主反應(yīng)區(qū)溶解氧從1.0-1.5 mg/L降低至0.5-1.0 mg/L,COD平均去除率從86%降低至80%,NH4+-N平均去除率從98.89%降低至95.09%;而TN平均去除率由64.6%升高至72.58%,同步硝化反硝化率由65.94%升高至75.5%。胞外聚合物的含量及其中多糖和蛋白質(zhì)含量均隨著溶解氧濃度的降低而減小。通過對(duì)SBR系統(tǒng)內(nèi)微生物多樣性進(jìn)行分析可知,群落結(jié)構(gòu)多樣性及物種豐富度均較高。系統(tǒng)內(nèi)存在大量能降解有機(jī)污染物的異養(yǎng)菌群如Saccharibacteria和Zoogloea,還存在具有反硝化能力的菌群如陶厄氏菌(Thauera)及具有潛在硝化反硝化能力的菌群Cytophagaceae、黃桿菌(Flavobacterium),在微生物的作用下,污水中的污染物得以高效去除。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China has made great progress in the treatment of urban sewage, but it is in the beginning stage in the treatment of rural sewage. The rural domestic sewage is derived from the daily living water, the leachate produced by the waste of waste, the sewage produced in the small scale breeding process, with the low concentration of pollutants, the small amount of sewage and the matching of the sewage. The development of sewage treatment facilities is relatively slow. Due to the lack of effective control and management of rural domestic sewage, a large amount of untreated rural sewage is discharged at will, which seriously affects the production and life of rural residents. The nitrogen and phosphorus emission in the sewage is an important cause of the eutrophication in the water body and must be controlled in the countryside. It is of great significance to improve the rural ecological environment and promote the sustainable and healthy development of rural areas with the relatively small amount of sewage production, the weak economic base, the lack of rural management personnel and the relatively low technical level, and the research and development of the technology suitable for rural sewage treatment and the efficient and low consumption of the pollutants in rural domestic sewage. The sequencing batch activated sludge process (SBR) has the advantages of strong sludge activity, strong impact load, low operating cost and high removal rate of pollutants. This study investigated the effect of temperature, sludge age and dissolved oxygen on the removal of COD and ammonia by changing its aeration mode by independently designing a new type of SBR reactor, and stabilized the simultaneous nitrification and anti nitration. SND process, and through high throughput sequencing analysis of microbial diversity in the system. Aeration time, sludge age (SRT), temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) have great influence on the removal of pollutants. With the prolongation of aeration time, the concentration of NH4+-N and COD decreases gradually, and is basically stable at 240Min. With sludge age from 10D The removal efficiency of 25 D, NH4+-N, COD and TN increased gradually, and the removal efficiency was best at the age of 20 d. The average removal rates of NH4+-N, COD and TN were 95.04%, 98.24% respectively. The content of polysaccharide and protein in the loose layer of extracellular polymers of 69.05%. increased first and then decreased with the age of sludge. There is no obvious change in the content of polysaccharide in the layer, and the change trend of protein content is the same as that in loose layer. Temperature affects the removal effect of pollutants and the content of extracellular polymers. When the temperature is 25, the average removal rate of NH4+-N, COD and TN can reach 97.76%, 91.27%, and 68.76%. temperature from 25 degrees to 10 degrees C, NH4+-N, COD and TN The removal rates were reduced by 31.52%, 10.74% and 15% respectively. At low temperature, the content of polysaccharide in the loose layer of extracellular polymer increased by 11.1 mg/g, and the decrease of protein content was 6.15 mg/g.. The effect of temperature reduction on the content of the loose layer was greater than that of the total extracellular polymer and the close layer. The dissolved oxygen concentration had little effect on the removal of COD and NH4+-N. When the dissolved oxygen was reduced from 1.0-1.5 mg/L to 0.5-1.0 mg/L in the main reaction zone, the average removal rate of COD decreased from 86% to 80%, the average removal rate of NH4+-N decreased from 98.89% to 95.09%, while the average removal rate of TN increased from 64.6% to 72.58%, and the rate of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification increased from 65.94% to the extracellular polymer of 75.5%.. The content and the content of polysaccharide and protein decreased with the decrease of the concentration of dissolved oxygen. Through the analysis of microbial diversity in the SBR system, the diversity of the community structure and species richness were higher. There were a large number of heterotrophic bacteria groups such as Saccharibacteria and Zoogloea that could degrade organic pollutants. Nitrifying bacteria such as Thauera, Cytophagaceae and Flavobacterium, which have potential nitrification and denitrification ability, are effectively removed from the wastewater under the action of microbes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X799.3

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本文編號(hào)：1984250