本文選題：石油污染土壤 + 高羊茅　； 參考：《安徽師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：伴隨著石油開采和加工產(chǎn)業(yè)的持續(xù)增長,大量石油及其產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入環(huán)境,導(dǎo)致石油污染土壤已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)今社會急需解決的環(huán)境問題。由于石油中含有多種有害的持久性的有機(jī)污染物,因此污染土壤不僅會對生態(tài)環(huán)境造成極大危害,也會影響人類健康。因此,尋求經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的修復(fù)方法仍是當(dāng)前國內(nèi)外研究的熱點(diǎn)。相較于傳統(tǒng)的物理化學(xué)方法,植物修復(fù)技術(shù)利用植物根系和土壤微生物的相互作用去除有機(jī)污染物,具有不產(chǎn)生二次污染、經(jīng)濟(jì)有效、并能夠產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的生態(tài)景觀價值等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。在諸多修復(fù)植物中,高羊茅是一種根系發(fā)達(dá)、適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)、分布廣泛的多年生草本植物,對石油污染土壤具有良好的修復(fù)效果。但高羊茅品種眾多,且不同品種生活習(xí)性、修復(fù)效果都有很大差異,目前關(guān)于篩選高效修復(fù)石油污染土壤的高羊茅品種的研究尚未見報道。因此,在修復(fù)過程中有必要開展高羊茅品種篩選,并探討其修復(fù)機(jī)制,以便更好地開展實(shí)際修復(fù)工作。本研究通過盆栽試驗,研究了 14個不同品種高羊茅對石油污染土壤的修復(fù)效果和根際微生物群落的影響;修復(fù)過程中土壤微生物群落與石油烴去除效率之間的關(guān)系;通過分析高羊毛根系分泌物對污染土壤的修復(fù)效果及微生物群落變化的影響,明確根系分泌物在實(shí)際修復(fù)過程中的潛在應(yīng)用價值,深入探究植物與微生物的聯(lián)合修復(fù)的作用機(jī)制。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)盆栽修復(fù)試驗表明,高羊茅對石油烴具有良好的修復(fù)效果,但不同品種對土壤中石油的去除效果具有顯著差異。其中品種太陽神對總石油烴的修復(fù)效果最好達(dá)到49. 4%,獵狗五號修復(fù)效率最低,僅有18.7%。另外研究發(fā)現(xiàn),與石油污染物降解相關(guān)的功能微生物,如諾卡氏菌屬(Nocardia)、溶桿菌屬(Lysobacter)、假黃桿單胞菌屬(Pseudoxanthomonas)、分枝桿菌屬(Mycobacterium)、紅球菌屬(Rhodococcus)和浮霉?fàn)罹鷮?Planctomyces),其相對豐度較對照處理組顯著增加,但在獵狗五號、可奇思和綠溪處理組中其相對豐度與其他修復(fù)效果較好的品種處理組相比卻呈明顯下降的趨勢�？傮w而言,土壤中石油的去除效果與功能微生物的相對豐度變化呈正相關(guān)。(2)通過前期研究,明確了不同品種高羊茅對污染物的去除效率具有顯著性差異,并對土壤微生物的群落結(jié)構(gòu)和相對豐度產(chǎn)生了不同程度影響,在前期實(shí)驗研究的基礎(chǔ)上,篩選了瑞星、自豪、綠溪和雅典娜四個品種進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究。其中,瑞星和自豪處理組對總石油烴的修復(fù)效果最好,綠溪的修復(fù)效率最低。在植物修復(fù)的過程中,微生物的數(shù)量和活性呈先上升后下降的變化趨勢。(3)棕櫚酸是高羊茅根系分泌物的主要有機(jī)酸之一,能夠顯著促進(jìn)與降解相關(guān)的功能微生物的生長,從而促進(jìn)石油污染物的去除。不同濃度的有機(jī)酸均能顯著促進(jìn)石油污染物的修復(fù),但不同濃度、不同組分的有機(jī)酸及其衍生物對修復(fù)效率和土壤微生物產(chǎn)生了不同程度的影響。修復(fù)效果較好的處理組中與降解相關(guān)功能微生物的相對豐度的增加也更為顯著,這表明特定的根系分泌物、有機(jī)酸的成分及其濃度會引起微生物群落組成的變化,從而對修復(fù)效果產(chǎn)生不同程度的影響。
[Abstract]:With the continuous growth of the oil mining and processing industry, a large number of oil and its products have entered the environment, which has caused the oil contaminated soil to become an environmental problem urgently needed to be solved in the society today. As the oil contains many harmful persistent organic pollutants, the contaminated soil will not only cause great harm to the ecological environment, but also the shadow of the soil. Therefore, the search for economic and effective restoration is still a hot spot at home and abroad. Compared with the traditional physical and chemical methods, the phytoremediation technology uses the interaction of plant roots and soil microbes to remove organic pollutants, which has no two pollution, is economical and can produce the corresponding ecological landscape. In many restoration plants, tall fescue is a kind of perennial herb with developed root system, strong adaptability and wide distribution, it has good restoration effect on oil contaminated soil. But there are many varieties of tall fescue, different varieties of living habits, and the effect of restoration are very different. The study of Tall Fescue Varieties in soil has not yet been reported. Therefore, it is necessary to select the varieties of tall fescue in the process of restoration, and to explore its repair mechanism, so as to better carry out the practical repair work. In this study, the potted experiment was conducted to study the restoration effect of 14 different varieties of tall fescue on the soil contaminated by stone oil and the rhizosphere microorganism. The relationship between soil microbial community and petroleum hydrocarbon removal efficiency during the process of restoration; the potential application value of root exudates in the actual restoration process by analyzing the effect of the root exudates on the remediation of contaminated soil and the change of microbial communities, and exploring the joint repair of plant and microorganism. The main research results are as follows: (1) the potted plant repair test shows that tall fescue has good repair effect on petroleum hydrocarbon, but the effect of different varieties on the removal of oil in the soil has significant difference. The best repair effect of variety Sun God to total petroleum hydrocarbon is 49.4%, the efficiency of Hound five repair is the lowest, only 18.7. Other functional microorganisms, such as Nocardia, Lysobacter, Pseudomonas sp. (Pseudoxanthomonas), Mycobacterium (Mycobacterium), red hnococcus (Rhodococcus) and floating mycophenolate (Planctomyces), are found to be related to the degradation of petroleum pollutants, and their relative abundance is significantly higher than that of the control group. But in hound five, the relative abundance of CaCO and green Creek treatment group was significantly lower than that of other varieties with better restorative effects. In general, the removal efficiency of oil in the soil was positively correlated with the relative abundance of functional microorganisms. (2) through the previous study, it was clear that different varieties of tall fescue were polluted. The removal efficiency of the dye has a significant difference, and has different influence on the community structure and relative abundance of soil microorganism. On the basis of the previous experimental study, four varieties of Ruixing, proudly, green brook and Athena were selected for further study. Well, the restoration efficiency of green Creek is the lowest. In the process of phytoremediation, the number and activity of microbes are rising first and then decreasing. (3) palmitic acid is one of the main organic acids in the root exudates of tall fescue, which can significantly promote the growth of functional microorganisms associated with degradation, thus promoting the removal of petroleum pollutants. Organic acids can significantly promote the remediation of petroleum pollutants, but the organic acids and their derivatives of different concentrations and components have different effects on the repair efficiency and soil microorganism. The relative abundance of the biodegradation related functional microorganisms in the better treatment groups is also more significant, which indicates the specific root. Secretions, the composition and concentration of organic acids can cause changes in the composition of microbial communities, thus affecting the repair effect to varying degrees.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X53;X173

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本文編號：1965211