發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-30 06:38

  本文選題：煤矸山 + 不同年限�。� 參考：《山西師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：煤矸石是煤炭開(kāi)采的時(shí)候伴隨生產(chǎn)出來(lái)的廢棄物,其工業(yè)利用率低,主要以煤矸山的形式堆放。而煤矸山在堆存過(guò)程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生一系列的生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題。因此,對(duì)煤矸山進(jìn)行復(fù)墾治理十分必要。而我國(guó)北方地區(qū)對(duì)煤矸山治理一般采用推平覆土后進(jìn)行植被綠化,但推平覆土后形成的重構(gòu)土壤往往存在土壤養(yǎng)分不足、養(yǎng)分剖面層次紊亂和下層矸石中重金屬遷移污染的雙重脅迫,這也成為煤矸山植被復(fù)墾的阻礙要素。因此,查明不同復(fù)墾年限煤矸山重構(gòu)土壤養(yǎng)分和重金屬的污染狀況,對(duì)于指導(dǎo)礦區(qū)煤矸山因時(shí)制宜的進(jìn)行植被復(fù)墾十分必要,同時(shí)也對(duì)礦區(qū)復(fù)墾地合理進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)具有重要的理論指導(dǎo)價(jià)值。本文以山西省霍州市曹村煤礦煤矸山復(fù)墾3a(R-3a)、復(fù)墾5a(R-5a)和復(fù)墾7a(R-7a)農(nóng)田為研究對(duì)象,分析了3種不同復(fù)墾年限重構(gòu)土壤1m土層養(yǎng)分的平均狀況、養(yǎng)分的剖面差異和0-40cm土層重金屬含量及其污染的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)從重構(gòu)土壤1m土層養(yǎng)分含量的平均狀況來(lái)看:隨著復(fù)墾年限從3a增加到7a,土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全N、全P、全K和堿解N、有效P、速效K呈增加趨勢(shì);但與普通農(nóng)田(CK)相比,3種復(fù)墾樣地土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全量養(yǎng)分和速效養(yǎng)分(除速效K外)仍明顯偏低。(2)從重構(gòu)土壤1m土層有機(jī)質(zhì)和全量養(yǎng)分的剖面狀況來(lái)看:在0-40cm,隨著復(fù)墾年限從3a增加到7a,復(fù)墾區(qū)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì),全N、全P和全K的含量呈逐漸上升的趨勢(shì),但在40-100cm,隨著復(fù)墾年限3a、5a到7a的增加,土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全N和全K的含量表現(xiàn)為逐漸降低的趨勢(shì),而全P的含量表現(xiàn)為逐漸升高的趨勢(shì)。與CK相比,在0-40cm,3種復(fù)墾年下,復(fù)墾區(qū)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì),全N和全P均小于CK(全K除外),而在40-100cm復(fù)墾區(qū)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全N、全P和全K四種養(yǎng)分表現(xiàn)為不同程度的高出CK。(3)從重構(gòu)土壤1m土層速效養(yǎng)分的剖面狀況來(lái)看:在0-40cm,隨著復(fù)墾年限從3a增加到7a,土壤速效N、速效P和速效K(20-40cm除外)的含量均呈現(xiàn)為波動(dòng)上升的趨勢(shì),而在40-100cm,速效N的含量隨復(fù)墾年限變化不大,速效P和速效K的含量呈現(xiàn)為波動(dòng)下降的趨勢(shì)。與CK相比,3種復(fù)墾年限下,速效N在0-20cm的含量隨年限增加逐漸高于CK,在20-100cm的含量大部分低于CK,速效P和速效K在0-100cm的含量隨年限增加均低于CK。(4)從不同復(fù)墾年限重構(gòu)土壤耕層(0-40cm)重金屬含量情況來(lái)看:在0-40cm,隨著復(fù)墾年限從3a增加到7a,5種元素Pb、Hg、Cd、As和Ni的含量均呈增加的趨勢(shì),且深層20-40cm的重金屬含量高于表層0-20cm。與CK相比,隨著復(fù)墾年限3a、5a到7a的增加,20-40cm土層中Pb、Hg、Cd、As和Ni這5種元素全部超出了CK,而在0-20cm土層只有Hg和Cd的含量超出了CK。(5)環(huán)境污染評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果:單因子評(píng)價(jià)、內(nèi)梅羅綜合評(píng)價(jià)和潛在生態(tài)危害評(píng)價(jià)這3種評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果均表明,隨著復(fù)墾年限從3a增加到7a,復(fù)墾地土壤中5種重金屬元素Pb、Hg、Cd、As和Ni的污染水平均呈逐漸增加的趨勢(shì)。以國(guó)家土壤二級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為依據(jù),單因子評(píng)價(jià)和內(nèi)梅羅綜合評(píng)價(jià),都表示研究區(qū)土壤屬于無(wú)污染、清潔水平;以山西土壤環(huán)境背景值為依據(jù),單因子評(píng)價(jià)表示Hg處于重度累積,Cd處于中度累積,Pb、As和Ni處于輕度累積。內(nèi)梅羅綜合評(píng)價(jià)這3種復(fù)墾樣地的綜合污染程度均處于重度累積水平,土壤污染較嚴(yán)重。根據(jù)潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)法評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果得知,Hg屬于極強(qiáng)的生態(tài)危害;Cd屬于強(qiáng)生態(tài)危害;Pb、As和Ni屬于輕微生態(tài)危害。總潛在生態(tài)危害程度表現(xiàn)為:R-7aR-5aR-3a,3種復(fù)墾樣地均屬于很強(qiáng)的生態(tài)危害。
[Abstract]:Coal gangue is a waste produced in coal mining, its industrial utilization rate is low, mainly in the form of Coal Gangue Mountain. While coal gangue mountain will produce a series of ecological environment problems during the storage process. Therefore, it is necessary to reclaim the Coal Gangue Mountain. After cladding soil, the replanted soil formed by the nappe soil often has the dual stress of soil nutrient deficiency, the disorder of nutrient profile and the heavy metal migration and pollution in the lower gangue. This has also become a hindrance factor for the reclamation of the coal gangue mountain vegetation. The pollution situation is very necessary for guiding the reclamation of coal gangue in the mining area for the time making of vegetation. At the same time, it also has important theoretical guiding value for the rational agricultural production of the reclaimed land in the mining area. This paper takes the reclamation 3A (R-3a) 3A (R-3a), the reclamation 5A (R-5a) and the reclamation 7a (R-7a) farmland as the research object, and analyses the 3 The average status of nutrient in soil 1m soil layer, nutrient profile difference and 0-40cm soil layer heavy metal content and ecological risk assessment of soil layer were reconstructed with different reclamation years. The main results were as follows: (1) from the average status of nutrient content in the reclaimed soil 1m soil layer, the soil organic matter, all N, all P, all K with the reclaimed years from 3a to 7a. And alkaline solution N, effective P and quick acting K increased, but compared with common farmland (CK), the soil organic matter, total nutrient and available nutrient (except available K) were still significantly lower than ordinary farmland (CK). (2) from the profile of organic and full nutrient in the reconstituted soil layer of organic and full nutrient, the soil organic matter increased from 3a to 7a from 3a to reclaimed soil, and the soil organic in the reclamation area in 0-40cm. Quality, all N, all P and all K content showed a trend of gradual increase, but in 40-100cm, with the period of reclamation 3a, 5A to 7a, the content of soil organic matter, total N and all K showed a gradual decreasing trend, while the total P content was gradually increasing. Compared with CK, the soil organic matter in the reclaimed area, in the 3 reclamation years, was compared with CK. Less than CK (except K), and the four nutrients of soil organic matter, full N, all P and all K in the reclaimed area of 40-100cm were shown to be higher than CK. (3) from the profile of 1m soil available nutrients in the reconstituted soil. The rising trend, while in 40-100cm, the content of quick acting N changed little with the reclaimed years, the content of quick acting P and available K showed a trend of fluctuation. Compared with CK, the content of quick acting N in 0-20cm increased gradually higher than CK, the content of N in 20-100cm was lower than CK, and the content of quick acting P and available K were in the year under the 3 years of reclamation. The limit increase is lower than CK. (4) to reconstruct the heavy metal content of soil plough layer (0-40cm) from different reclamation years. In 0-40cm, the content of the 5 elements Pb, Hg, Cd, As and Ni increased as the reclaimed years increased from 3a to 7a, and the content of the deep 20-40cm heavy metals was higher than that of the surface 0-20cm.. In addition, the 5 elements of Pb, Hg, Cd, As and Ni in the 20-40cm soil layer were all beyond CK, while the content of Hg and Cd in the 0-20cm soil layer exceeded the CK. (5) environmental pollution assessment results: the single factor evaluation, the Nemero comprehensive evaluation and the potential ecological hazard assessment, all of the 3 evaluation results showed that the number of reclaimed years increased from 3a to 5 in reclaimed soil. The pollution levels of heavy metal elements Pb, Hg, Cd, As and Ni are all increasing gradually. Based on the national soil two standard, the single factor evaluation and Nemero comprehensive evaluation indicate that the soil in the study area is pollution-free and clean. Based on the background value of the soil environment in Shanxi, the single factor evaluation indicates that Hg is in the severe accumulation and Cd is in Cd. Moderate accumulation, Pb, As and Ni are slightly accumulated. The comprehensive assessment of the 3 kinds of reclaimed land is in the severe cumulative level, and the soil pollution is serious. According to the evaluation results of the potential ecological hazard index method, Hg is a very strong ecological hazard; Cd belongs to the strong ecological hazard; Pb, As and Ni belong to minor ecological hazards. The degree of potential ecological damage is R-7aR-5aR-3a, and the 3 reclaimed plots belong to very strong ecological hazards.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X53

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