發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-29 19:14

  本文選題：石墨烯 + 阻燃劑��； 參考：《江蘇大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：伴隨著現(xiàn)代化的快速進(jìn)展,各種發(fā)明、技術(shù)給人類生活帶來了極大的大量的便利,例如說新型磷系阻燃劑的應(yīng)用。然而含磷阻燃劑在得到應(yīng)用發(fā)展的同時(shí),產(chǎn)生的磷系阻燃劑廢水被排入到我們的環(huán)境中,給地球的環(huán)境產(chǎn)成了及其惡劣的影響,已經(jīng)危及人類的生存環(huán)境。在污水治理的諸多方法、工藝中,吸附法因?yàn)榫哂幸幌盗械奶攸c(diǎn),比如操作簡(jiǎn)易、吸附效率高、成本相對(duì)較低、對(duì)環(huán)境不易產(chǎn)生二次污染等突出的優(yōu)點(diǎn)而被廣泛應(yīng)用于環(huán)境治理中。石墨烯是2004年在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中被首次發(fā)現(xiàn)和研制出來,之后因石墨烯具備上述優(yōu)異的優(yōu)點(diǎn),已經(jīng)在吸附領(lǐng)域展現(xiàn)出非常巨大的發(fā)展前景。選取天然鱗片狀石墨粉作為本論文的原材料料,選擇改良的Hummers氧化法并利用超聲處理制備得到氧化石墨烯,選取水合肼作為還原劑,還原制得石墨烯;利用X射線衍射、拉曼光譜、傅里葉紅外光譜和BET比表面積等物理、化學(xué)表征手段對(duì)材料的結(jié)構(gòu)、官能團(tuán)及形態(tài)學(xué)等特征進(jìn)行了研究比較,分析制備得到的吸附劑的結(jié)構(gòu)與性質(zhì),對(duì)吸附劑進(jìn)行表征;研究石墨烯和其他幾種經(jīng)典的吸附劑對(duì)含磷阻燃劑模擬廢水的吸附行為,并對(duì)靜態(tài)吸附行為進(jìn)行熱力學(xué)、動(dòng)力學(xué)擬合,對(duì)動(dòng)態(tài)吸附行為進(jìn)行擬合、探究。結(jié)論如下:(1)比較氧化石墨烯(GO)、單壁碳納米管(SWCNT)、活性炭(AC)和石墨烯(G)對(duì)磷酸三丁酯(TBP)模擬廢水的靜態(tài)吸附性能。結(jié)果表明,G的吸附性能更好,隨著反應(yīng)接觸時(shí)間、反應(yīng)溫度、pH和TBP初始濃度的增加,吸G對(duì)TBP吸附容量逐漸增加。采用準(zhǔn)一級(jí)、準(zhǔn)二級(jí)吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)模型以及粒子內(nèi)擴(kuò)散模型對(duì)吸附劑吸附TBP阻燃劑廢水的吸附過程進(jìn)行擬合分析,擬合結(jié)果表明對(duì)TBP的吸附過程更符合準(zhǔn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,吸附屬于化學(xué)吸附。利用Langmuir和Freundlich熱力學(xué)模型對(duì)吸附劑吸附TBP過程進(jìn)行擬合分析;擬合發(fā)現(xiàn)Langmuir模型能夠更加準(zhǔn)確地?cái)M合石墨烯吸附TBP的熱力學(xué)過程,在阻燃劑廢水處理中有非常大的應(yīng)用前景。(2)比較氧化石墨烯(GO)和石墨烯材料(G)對(duì)磷酸三甲苯酯(TCP)模擬廢水的靜態(tài)吸附性能。結(jié)果表明,G對(duì)TCP模擬廢水的吸附效果要明顯優(yōu)于GO。隨著反應(yīng)接觸時(shí)間、TCP初始濃度、溫度增加,吸附劑吸附容量逐漸增加,腐殖酸對(duì)G吸附TCP的行為有顯著的影響,而廢水中金屬離子的存在對(duì)吸附幾乎沒有大的影響。模型擬合結(jié)果表明,G吸附TCP的行為更符合準(zhǔn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,而Langmuir熱力學(xué)模型能夠更加準(zhǔn)確地?cái)M合G吸附TCP模擬廢水的熱力學(xué)過程。另外研究了實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的熱力學(xué)參數(shù)結(jié)果表明,吸附屬于吸熱過程,吸附反應(yīng)可自發(fā)進(jìn)行。(3)探究了石墨烯對(duì)TCP模擬廢水的動(dòng)態(tài)吸附性能。通過控制變量法,比較了石墨烯吸附柱柱高、TCP模擬廢水進(jìn)水初始濃度、TCP廢水運(yùn)行流速等吸附條件的改變對(duì)G吸附TCP的動(dòng)態(tài)吸附性能的影響;實(shí)驗(yàn)表明:隨著TCP模擬廢液進(jìn)水流速增加,G吸附柱床層穿透會(huì)出現(xiàn)明顯加快的現(xiàn)象,穿透時(shí)間點(diǎn)提前到來;隨著TCP模擬廢水初始濃度的增加,動(dòng)態(tài)吸附穿透時(shí)間逐漸減少,得到的穿透曲線更加清晰;當(dāng)G吸附柱的高度發(fā)生變化時(shí),G對(duì)TCP模擬廢水動(dòng)態(tài)吸附行為的穿透時(shí)間和吸附的飽和時(shí)間都發(fā)生了變化。當(dāng)吸附柱柱高分別從為1cm增加到2cm、3cm時(shí),G對(duì)TCP模擬廢水動(dòng)態(tài)吸附行為的穿透分別從開始于30min、50min和100min,吸附飽和時(shí)間點(diǎn)分別發(fā)生在為230min、290min和330min。采用Thomas和Yoon-Nelson兩種動(dòng)態(tài)吸附模型對(duì)G吸附TCP模擬廢水的動(dòng)態(tài)吸附行為進(jìn)行擬合;結(jié)果顯示,相比較于Yoon-Nelson動(dòng)態(tài)模型,Thomas模型更好的描述G吸附柱吸附TCP模擬廢水的動(dòng)態(tài)吸附行為。
[Abstract]:With the rapid progress of modernization, various inventions and technologies have brought great convenience to human life, such as the application of the new type of phosphorus flame retardant. However, the phosphorus containing flame retardant wastewater is discharged into our environment and has been produced to the environment of the earth and its abominable environment. In the process of sewage treatment, the adsorption method has been widely used in environmental treatment in 2004 in the laboratory, because it has a series of characteristics, such as simple operation, high adsorption efficiency, relatively low cost, and not easy to produce two pollution in the environment. After being discovered and developed for the first time, because of the excellent advantages of graphene, it has shown great development prospects in the field of adsorption. As the raw material of this paper, natural scaly graphite powder is selected as the raw material of this paper. The modified Hummers oxidation process is selected and the graphene oxide is prepared by ultrasonic treatment, and hydrazine hydrate is selected as the preparation. Reducing agent, reduction of graphene; using X ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier infrared spectroscopy and BET specific surface area and other physical, chemical characterization of the structure of materials, functional groups and morphology and other characteristics of the study, analysis of the structure and properties of the adsorbents prepared, characterization of adsorbents, and the study of graphene and its Several classical adsorbents were used to simulate the adsorption behavior of phosphorus containing flame retardants and to simulate the static adsorption behavior and fit the dynamic adsorption behavior. The conclusions were as follows: (1) comparison of graphene oxide (GO), single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT), activated carbon (AC) and graphene (G) simulated waste three butyl phosphate (TBP) waste. The static adsorption performance of water shows that the adsorption performance of G is better. With the increase of reaction contact time, reaction temperature, pH and TBP initial concentration, the adsorption capacity of G to TBP is gradually increased. The adsorption process of adsorbant adsorbent on TBP flame retardant wastewater is simulated by quasi first order, quasi two stage adsorption kinetic model and particle diffusion model. The fitting results show that the adsorption process of TBP is more consistent with the quasi two stage kinetic model, and adsorption belongs to chemical adsorption. Langmuir and Freundlich thermodynamic models are used to fit and analyze the adsorption process of adsorbents for TBP. It is found that the Langmuir model can more accurately fit the thermodynamics process of graphene adsorbed TBP, in the flame retardant agent. There are great potential applications in wastewater treatment. (2) compare the static adsorption properties of graphene oxide (GO) and graphene (G) to the simulated wastewater of trimetholate phosphate (TCP). The results show that the adsorption effect of G on TCP simulated wastewater is obviously better than that of GO. with the reaction contact time, the initial concentration of TCP, the increase of temperature, and the adsorption capacity of adsorbents gradually. In addition, humic acid has a significant effect on the adsorption of TCP by G, while the existence of metal ions in the wastewater has little effect on the adsorption. The model fitting results show that the behavior of G adsorbed on TCP is more consistent with the quasi two order kinetic model, and the thermodynamic model of Langmuir can more accurately fit the thermodynamics process of G adsorption of TCP simulated wastewater. The thermodynamic parameters of the experimental data show that the adsorption is a endothermic process and the adsorption reaction can be carried out spontaneously. (3) the dynamic adsorption properties of graphene to TCP simulated wastewater are investigated. By the control variable method, the adsorption conditions of Shi Moxi column column height, TCP simulated wastewater initial concentration, TCP wastewater flow velocity and so on are compared. The effect of change on the dynamic adsorption properties of TCP adsorbed by G shows that as the influent flow velocity of the TCP simulated waste liquid increases, the penetration of G adsorption column bed layer will obviously accelerate, and the penetration time will come in advance. With the increase of the initial concentration of TCP simulated wastewater, the penetration time of dynamic adsorption gradually decreases, and the penetration curve is clearer. When the height of the G adsorption column changes, the penetration time and the saturation time of G for the dynamic adsorption behavior of TCP simulated wastewater have been changed. When the column height of the adsorption column is increased from 1cm to 2cm and 3cm, the penetration of G to the dynamic adsorption behavior of TCP simulated wastewater begins from 30min, 50min and 100min, and the adsorption saturation time points respectively Two dynamic adsorption models of Thomas and Yoon-Nelson were used for 230min, 290min and 330min. to fit the dynamic adsorption behavior of G adsorbed TCP simulated wastewater. The results showed that the Thomas model better described the adsorption behavior of TCP simulated wastewater by G adsorption column compared to the Yoon-Nelson dynamic model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X703

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