本文選題：熱等離子體氣化 + 印染污泥��； 參考：《浙江大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：針對印染污泥成分復雜、危害嚴重、產(chǎn)量日益增大的現(xiàn)狀,基于固體廢棄物處理的無害化、減量化和資源化目標,本文利用熱等離子體高溫、高焓、高能粒子密度大的獨特優(yōu)勢,首次研究了 CO_2和空氣熱等離子體氣化印染污泥的過程,為開發(fā)以熱等離子體氣化為核心的印染污泥高效處理技術(shù)打下了基礎。利用磁旋轉(zhuǎn)弧等離子體反應器,考察了不同CO_2氣量、輸入功率下CO_2熱等離子體氣化印染污泥的氣體產(chǎn)物組成,確定了 CO_2氣化過程的能源化優(yōu)化條件;測定該條件下氣體產(chǎn)物中的污染物含量;測定了固體產(chǎn)物的結(jié)晶形態(tài)、熱穩(wěn)定性、毒性浸出速率,以及對印染污泥中重金屬的固定效率。實驗結(jié)果顯示,在污泥進料速率為36g/min、CO_2氣量為～0.4Nm~3/h、輸入功率為12.42kW時可以得到最優(yōu)的能源化結(jié)果,碳轉(zhuǎn)化率高達99.90%,能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率高達66.90%,產(chǎn)品氣的低位發(fā)熱量為34.29MJ/h;該條件下的固體產(chǎn)物為黑色堅硬不規(guī)則狀物質(zhì),減容比為41.19%,熱穩(wěn)定性好,對重金屬基本上可以達到99%以上的固定效率,毒性浸出實驗表明其不屬于危險廢物。進一步考察了空氣熱等離子體條件下輸入功率和印染污泥進料速率對印染污泥能源化效果的影響,并測定了氣體產(chǎn)物中污染物的含量和固體產(chǎn)物的結(jié)構(gòu)與性質(zhì)。結(jié)果表明,與CO_2熱等離子體相比,空氣中大量存在的N_2使產(chǎn)品氣中CO和H_2含量降低,碳轉(zhuǎn)化率等參數(shù)也降低,但其所需輸入功率略小,且硫、氮元素的析出明顯增多。同時,空氣氣化所得熔渣減容比大于CO_2氣化所得,但是空氣熔渣中晶體成分多,對重金屬的固定效果不如C02。進料速率為36 g/min,空氣量為～0.8 Nm~3/h、輸入功率為11.49 kW時,產(chǎn)品氣的低位發(fā)熱量為22.75 MJ/h,能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率達到最大值60.21%,碳轉(zhuǎn)化效率高達99.72%。在該條件下的固體產(chǎn)物為不規(guī)則狀黑色固體物質(zhì),減容比為48.95%,熱穩(wěn)定性好,對重金屬的固定效率除Ni外都可以達到94%以上,毒性浸出實驗表明其不屬于危險廢物。
[Abstract]:In view of the complex composition, serious harm and increasing output of printing and dyeing sludge, based on the harmless, reduced and resource targets of solid waste treatment, this paper uses high temperature and high enthalpy of heat plasma. Because of the unique advantage of high energy particle density, the process of CO_2 and air thermal plasma gasification of printing and dyeing sludge was studied for the first time, which laid a foundation for the development of high efficiency treatment technology of printing and dyeing sludge with thermal plasma gasification as the core. The composition of gas products from the printing and dyeing sludge of CO_2 thermal plasma gasification under different CO_2 gas volume and input power was investigated by using a magnetic rotating arc plasma reactor, and the optimized conditions for the energy conversion of the CO_2 gasification process were determined. The content of pollutants in the gas product was determined under these conditions, and the crystal morphology, thermal stability, toxic leaching rate and fixation efficiency of heavy metals in printing and dyeing sludge were determined. The experimental results show that when the sludge feed rate is 36 g / min ~ (-2) and the gas volume is 0. 4 nm / h, and the input power is 12.42kW, the optimal energy conversion results can be obtained. The carbon conversion rate is as high as 99.90 and the energy conversion efficiency is as high as 66.90. The low calorific value of the product gas is 34.29MJ / h; the solid product under this condition is a black, hard, irregular substance with a volume reduction ratio of 41.19, and good thermal stability. The fixed efficiency of heavy metals can reach more than 99% basically, and the toxic leaching experiment shows that it is not a hazardous waste. The effects of the input power and the feed rate of printing and dyeing sludge on the energy efficiency of printing and dyeing sludge under the condition of hot air plasma were further investigated. The content of pollutants in the gas product and the structure and properties of the solid product were determined. The results show that, compared with CO_2 hot plasma, the presence of N\ -2 in air decreases the content of CO and H\ -2 in the product gas, and the parameters such as carbon conversion, but the input power is slightly smaller, and the precipitation of sulfur and nitrogen is obviously increased. At the same time, the reduction ratio of slag from air gasification is higher than that from CO_2 gasification, but the crystal composition of air slag is more than that of C02. When the feed rate is 36 g / min, the air volume is 0. 8 nm / h, the input power is 11. 49 kW, the low calorific value of the product gas is 22.75 MJ / h, the energy conversion efficiency reaches the maximum value of 60.21 and the carbon conversion efficiency is up to 99. 72%. Under this condition, the solid product is irregular black solid material, the volume reduction ratio is 48.95, the thermal stability is good, the fixation efficiency of heavy metal can reach more than 94% except Ni, and the toxic leaching experiment shows that it is not a hazardous waste.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X791;O539

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