發(fā)布時間：2018-05-28 00:25

  本文選題：鉛鋅礦渣 + 抗性植物��； 參考：《中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究首先對衡陽市某鉛鋅礦的植被進(jìn)行生物多樣性調(diào)查,并對植物的重金屬富集能力進(jìn)行了分析研究,然后,采用該礦的鉛鋅礦渣作為植物生長基質(zhì),以泥炭土、紅壤、蛭石為礦渣改良劑,以夾竹桃,泡桐,蓖麻3種植物為植物材料,開展鉛鋅礦渣基質(zhì)改良效應(yīng)與植物耐性研究,旨在篩選出合適的礦渣改良劑,并揭示鉛鋅礦渣基質(zhì)改良效應(yīng)與植物耐性,為礦山生態(tài)治理提供理論與技術(shù)依據(jù)。研究的主要結(jié)果如下:1、鉛鋅礦尾礦庫植被生物多樣性調(diào)查及其重金屬富集能力分析(1)樣地內(nèi)共出現(xiàn)植物15科41種,植物種類較為稀少,多為草本植物,其中禾本科和菊科植物為優(yōu)勢植物,兩者占草本種數(shù)的60%。狗尾草和芒在草本群落中為優(yōu)勢種或亞優(yōu)勢種,表現(xiàn)出了很強的生長優(yōu)勢。但是該采樣地仍然存在群落組成結(jié)構(gòu)單一,物種多樣性水平不高,生態(tài)較為脆弱的問題,其中,各樣方中樣方四的植物多樣性最佳,豐富度指數(shù)R,均勻度指數(shù)E以及多樣性指數(shù)H均為最高,也僅分別為2.299、0.724、1.813。(2)對3個采樣點中不同深度土壤中重金屬Pb、Zn、Cu的含量進(jìn)行顯著差異性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),Pb、Zn的分布0-10cm剖面與另外5個剖面有顯著性差異,污染上升污染到了 10-20cm,Cu的分布呈現(xiàn)出6個剖面沒有顯著性差異,土層已經(jīng)全部污染。2、鉛鋅礦渣基質(zhì)改良效應(yīng)與植物耐性研究(1)蓖麻和夾竹桃在蛭石改良礦渣處理中株高增高最多,泡桐在泥炭土改良礦渣中的株高長勢最好;蓖麻和泡桐在蛭石改良處理中生物量最好,夾竹桃生物量改良效果最好的是泥炭土,其次是蛭石;三種植物的根系生長狀況為蛭石改良泥炭土改良紅壤改良。(2)蓖麻和夾竹桃在蛭石改良中體內(nèi)Pb、Zn含量降低最多;植物地上部分富集Zn的能力比富集Pb的能力強,最小值均出現(xiàn)在蛭石改良下的處理T9中,富集能力比較為蓖麻泡桐夾竹桃;Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd轉(zhuǎn)移量系數(shù)比較為蓖麻夾竹桃泡桐;鉛鋅礦渣的三種改良劑效果比較為蛭石泥炭土紅壤。
[Abstract]:In this study, the biodiversity of vegetation in a lead-zinc mine in Hengyang City was investigated, and the enrichment ability of heavy metals was analyzed. Then, the lead-zinc slag of the mine was used as the plant growth substrate, and the peat and red soil were used. Vermiculite was used as slag modifier, and three kinds of plants, including oleander, paulownia and castor, were used as plant materials to study the improvement effect of lead-zinc slag matrix and plant tolerance, in order to select suitable slag modifier. The improvement effect of lead-zinc slag matrix and plant tolerance are revealed, which provides theoretical and technical basis for mine ecological control. The main results of the study are as follows: biodiversity investigation and heavy metal enrichment ability of the tailings reservoir of lead-zinc mine. There are 15 families and 41 species of plants in the plots. The species of plants are rare, most of them are herbaceous plants. Gramineae and Compositae are the dominant plants, which account for 60% of herbaceous species. Grass and awn are dominant species or subdominant species in herbaceous community, showing strong growth advantage. However, the sampling site still has the problems of simple community composition, low level of species diversity and fragile ecology, among which, the plant diversity of sample four is the best. The richness index (R), evenness index (E) and diversity index (H) were the highest. The contents of heavy metal Pb ~ (2 +) Zn ~ (2 +) in soils at different depths in three sampling sites were significantly different from those in the other five sections, and the distribution of Pb ~ (2 +) Zn in 0-10cm profile was significantly different from that in the other five sections. There was no significant difference in the distribution of Cu between 10-20 cm ~ (-1) and 10 ~ (-20) cm ~ (-1). Soil layer has been completely polluted. 2. Improvement effect of lead-zinc slag matrix and plant tolerance; (1) the plant height of castor and oleander increased most in the treatment of vermiculite improved slag, and the plant height of Paulownia was the best in the improved slag of peat soil. The biomass of castor and paulownia was the best in vermiculite, peat and vermiculite were the best. The root growth status of the three plants was that vermiculite improved peat soil, improved red soil. 2) the contents of Pb ~ (2 +) in castor and nectarine decreased the most in vermiculite improvement, and the ability of Zn enrichment in the aboveground part of plant was stronger than that in Pb enrichment. The minimum values appeared in the treatment T9 treated with vermiculite, and the enrichment capacity was compared as the transfer coefficient of Paulownia ricini (Paulownia chinense), and the effect of three modifiers of lead-zinc slag was compared with that of vermiculite peat soil red soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X753;X173

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