本文選題：人工濕地 + 分散處理�。� 參考：《北京建筑大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展導(dǎo)致水環(huán)境問題日益嚴(yán)重。遠(yuǎn)離市政下水道的分散式污水難以集中處理,需適當(dāng)分散處理之。其中,人工濕地技術(shù)非常適合處理分散式生活污水。然而,傳統(tǒng)人工濕地具有處理能力低、占地面積大等缺陷。針對(duì)上述問題,本課題采用三級(jí)潮汐流人工濕地來實(shí)現(xiàn)高負(fù)荷的生活污水分散式處理�？疾炝讼到y(tǒng)整體運(yùn)行效果和影響因素,并對(duì)溫室氣體排放進(jìn)行相應(yīng)研究。在運(yùn)行周期為8 h、接觸與空床時(shí)間均為4 h、水力負(fù)荷為1.26 m3/(m2·d)之試驗(yàn)條件下,三級(jí)潮汐流人工濕地對(duì)COD、NH_4~+-N、TN和TP去除率分別為85%、85%、39%和32%。系統(tǒng)對(duì)COD及NH_4~+-N去除率較高,但對(duì)TN與TP去除效果十分有限。污染物去除主要發(fā)生在第一級(jí),其中COD、NH_4~+-N、TN和TP的去除率分別占到總?cè)コ实?3.8%、75.9%、79.9%和75.3%。在運(yùn)行周期(8 h)固定條件下,接觸與空床時(shí)間對(duì)潮汐流人工濕地處理效果影響顯著。隨接觸期延長(zhǎng)(2、4、6 h),第一級(jí)濕地的COD去除效率逐漸升高,從最低的65.9%升高至75.7%;但NH_4~+-N去除率卻逐漸下降,從最高的68%下降到31.4%;而NO_3~--N累積率下降明顯,從最高的38.8%下降到1.7%;TP去除率從11.5%提高到了29.8%。在接觸與空床時(shí)間比(1:1)不變的條件下,運(yùn)行周期長(zhǎng)短影響潮汐流人工濕地的處理效果。第一級(jí)潮汐流人工濕地運(yùn)行周期由6 h提升到8 h,污染物去除率明顯提升。然而,周期繼續(xù)延長(zhǎng)后各污染物去除率增加放緩。當(dāng)周期為16 h時(shí),NH_4~+-N去除率甚至呈下降趨勢(shì)。試驗(yàn)表明,在運(yùn)行周期為12 h,接觸與空床時(shí)間比為1:1的情況下,運(yùn)行效果最好,出水NH_4~+-N與BOD5可分別維持在2~4 mg N/L和10 mg/L以下。潮汐流人工濕地去除效果也受液面變化的影響。其中,COD及TP受影響較小,NH_4~+-N及TN受影響較大。在運(yùn)行周期為12 h(接觸與空床時(shí)間均為6 h)條件下,第一級(jí)人工濕地各液面(高于基質(zhì)層15 cm;與基質(zhì)層持平;低于基質(zhì)層20 cm)下COD、TP去除率分別維持在75%和30%左右。高液面限制了氧的傳輸,NH_4~+-N去除率從液面持平時(shí)的67.5%下降為58.5%;但形成的缺氧環(huán)境強(qiáng)化了反硝化,TN去除率從35.1%提高到42.5%。低液面強(qiáng)化了氧的傳輸,NH_4~+-N去除率提高到71.8%,但反硝化受到了限制,TN去除率下降為34.6%。本試驗(yàn)中較低的TN去除效果一是因進(jìn)水C/N比值偏低,二是由于潮汐流人工濕地較強(qiáng)的復(fù)氧能力導(dǎo)致反硝化受限所致。分別考察分步進(jìn)水、出水回流和增加進(jìn)水無機(jī)碳源對(duì)強(qiáng)化TN去除的效果。前兩種方式的目的在于優(yōu)化進(jìn)水有機(jī)碳源的利用,后一種方式旨在強(qiáng)化短程硝化/反硝化。在運(yùn)行周期為12 h(接觸與空床時(shí)間均為6 h)條件下,采用分步進(jìn)水及出水回流方式使TN去除率升至59.8%和64.2%,比未強(qiáng)化前分別提高了15%和19%。在運(yùn)行周期為8 h(接觸與空床時(shí)間為均4 h)條件下,通過向進(jìn)水中添加無機(jī)碳源,TN去除率可達(dá)到59.7%,比未強(qiáng)化前提高了21%。監(jiān)測(cè)表明,潮汐流人工濕地溫室氣體釋放呈一定規(guī)律,并受溫度、液面變化的影響。潮汐流人工濕地復(fù)氧能力較強(qiáng),導(dǎo)致CH_4釋放較少(24.8 mg CO_2/(m2×h)),而N2O釋放量較多(50.4 mg CO_2/(m2×h))。在接觸期,各溫室氣體釋放通量與水溫成顯著正相關(guān)(N2O:p0.001;CH4:p0.005)。在空床期,氣溫對(duì)N2O釋放影響較大,呈顯著正相關(guān)(p0.001),而對(duì)CH_4影響不明顯。不同液面下,液面高于基質(zhì)15 cm時(shí),溫室氣體釋放總通量最大為90.8 mg CO_2/(m2×h);液面與基質(zhì)持平總釋放通量最小,為61.1 mg CO_2/(m2×h)�？傮w上,潮汐流人工濕地溫室氣體釋放總量(平均75 mg CO_2/m2×h))顯著小于其他類型濕地(表面流:257 mg CO_2/(m2×h);水平潛流:358 mg CO_2/(m2×h);垂直流:162 mg/(m2×h))。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of China's economy has caused the problem of water environment increasingly serious. The dispersed sewage from the municipal sewer is difficult to concentrate and should be treated properly. Among them, the artificial wetland technology is very suitable for the treatment of dispersed domestic sewage. However, the traditional artificial wetland has the disadvantages of low processing capacity and large area. This project uses three stage tidal flow constructed wetland to realize high load domestic sewage dispersion treatment. The overall operation effect and influence factors of the system are investigated, and the greenhouse gas emission is studied. The operation period is 8 h, the contact and empty bed time are 4 h, the hydraulic load is 1.26 m3/ (M2. D), and the three stage tide The removal rates of COD, NH_4~+-N, TN and TP were 85%, 85%, 39% and 32%., respectively. The removal efficiency of COD and NH_4~+-N was higher, but the removal efficiency of TN and TP was very limited. The removal of pollutants was mainly in the first stage, and COD, NH_4~+-N, TN and removal rates accounted for 83.8%, 75.9%, 79.9% and 8 of the total removal rate (8). H) under fixed conditions, the effect of contact and empty bed time on the treatment effect of tidal flow constructed wetland was significant. With the extension of the contact period (2,4,6 h), the removal efficiency of COD increased gradually from the lowest 65.9% to 75.7%, but the NH_4~+-N removal rate decreased gradually from the highest to 31.4%, and the NO_3~--N accumulation rate decreased obviously. The maximum 38.8% decreased to 1.7%, and the removal rate of TP increased from 11.5% to 29.8%. in the condition that the contact and empty bed time ratio (1:1) remained constant. The operation cycle length affected the treatment effect of the tidal flow constructed wetland. The first stage tidal current constructed wetland was raised from 6 h to 8 h, and the removal rate of the pollutants was significantly increased. The removal rate of the pollutants increases slowly. When the cycle is 16 h, the removal rate of NH_4~+-N is even decreasing. The test shows that the operation effect is best when the operation period is 12 h and the contact and empty bed time ratio is 1:1, and the effluent NH_4~+-N and BOD5 can be maintained at 2~4 mg N/L and 10 mg/L respectively. The removal effect of tidal flow constructed wetland is also affected by liquid. The influence of surface change. Among them, COD and TP are less affected, and NH_4~+-N and TN are greatly affected. Under the operating period of 12 h (contact and empty bed time are 6 h), the liquid surface of first stage constructed wetland (higher than matrix layer 15 cm, with matrix layer is flat, lower than matrix layer 20 cm) COD, TP removal rate is maintained at 75% and 30% respectively. High liquid level restriction The removal rate of NH_4~+-N decreased from 67.5% to 58.5% at the liquid level, but the formation of anoxic environment strengthened denitrification, the removal rate of TN increased from 35.1% to the low level of 42.5%., and the removal rate of NH_4~+-N increased to 71.8%, but the denitrification was restricted and the TN removal rate decreased to the lower TN removal in the 34.6%. experiment. The result is that the C/N ratio is low and the two is due to the restriction of denitrification due to the strong reoxygenation ability of the tidal flow constructed wetland. The effect of the step influent, the effluent reflux and the increase of the inorganic carbon source for the enhancement of TN removal. The purpose of the first two ways is to optimize the utilization of the organic carbon source in the water intake. Short range nitrification / denitrification. Under the operating period of 12 h (both contact and empty bed time are 6 h), the removal rate of TN is increased to 59.8% and 64.2% by step influent and effluent reflux, and 15% and 19%. are increased by 15% and 19%., respectively, under the condition of 4 h between the contact and the empty bed, and the addition of inorganic carbon to the influent. The removal rate of TN could reach 59.7%, and 21%. monitoring showed that the release of greenhouse gas in the tidal flow constructed wetland showed a certain regularity and affected by the temperature and liquid level. The release of CH_4 was less (24.8 mg CO_2/ (M2 * h)), and the release of N2O was more (50.4 mg CO_2/ (M2 * h)). The release flux of greenhouse gases has a significant positive correlation with the water temperature (N2O:p0.001; CH4:p0.005). In the empty bed period, the temperature has a great influence on the release of N2O, which has significant positive correlation (p0.001), but the effect on CH_4 is not obvious. The maximum release flux of the greenhouse gas is 90.8 mg CO_2/ (M2 x H) when the liquid level is higher than the matrix 15 cm under different liquid levels. The minimum total release flux was 61.1 mg CO_2/ (M2 x H). In general, the total amount of greenhouse gas release from tidal flow constructed wetland (average 75 mg CO_2/m2 x H) was significantly less than other types of wetlands (surface flow: 257 mg CO_2/ (M2 x H), horizontal subsurface flow: 358 Mg (162)); vertical flow: 162
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X703

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