本文選題：北部灣 + 貝類�。� 參考：《廣西師范學院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟圈工農(nóng)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,重金屬對環(huán)境特別是對水體的污染問題越來越嚴重。貝類對水體重金屬有較強的吸附積累能力,因而極易超標引發(fā)食品安全問題。本研究于2014年9月至2015年11月采集廣西北部灣東興、防城港、欽州、北海、潿洲島近岸貝類,分析重金屬Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As含量,參考《食品安全國家標準食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762-2012)、《無公害食品水產(chǎn)品有毒有害物質(zhì)限量》(NY 5073-2006)和澳大利亞食品標準法規(guī),采用單因子指數(shù)法和膳食暴露評估法對貝類中的重金屬污染情況進行了評價,旨在弄清北部灣近岸海域貝類的重金屬污染狀況,分析貝類重金屬污染含量,及在不同品種、季節(jié)、產(chǎn)地的分布規(guī)律,探討影響其含量的環(huán)境因素。結(jié)果如下:廣西北部灣近岸海域養(yǎng)殖區(qū)主要經(jīng)濟貝類重金屬污染狀況不容樂觀,樣品中合格率僅為40.15%,重金屬超標元素為Zn、Cu、Cd、As,超標率分別為0.75%、7.58%、7.30%、49.24%,其中As污染情況嚴重,亟需加強As污染監(jiān)控。單因子貝類生物質(zhì)量評價表明近江牡蠣消化腺Cu、Cr,毛蚶消化腺Zn、Cd、As,旗江珧消化腺Zn的污染因子質(zhì)量指數(shù)1,為保證食用安全,建議去除上述貝類消化腺后食用。膳食暴露評估方法顯示各重金屬膳食攝入量對人類食用安全尚未構(gòu)成威脅,但是Cd和As含量富集較為明顯,需加強對以上兩種元素的監(jiān)測。貝類對重金屬的積累存在種間差異,近江牡蠣對Zn、Cu有較高的富集能力,旗江珧、華貴櫛孔扇貝、紫貽貝較易富集Cd,大竹蟶、短竹蟶、翡翠貽貝、斧形胡桃蛤、旗江珧、施氏獺蛤、衣蚶蜊、紫貽貝積累As較嚴重。廣西北部灣典型經(jīng)濟貝類重金屬含量呈現(xiàn)一定季節(jié)與地理分布特征。近江牡蠣Zn、Cu與旗江珧Zn含量春夏季較高,秋冬季較低;華貴櫛孔扇貝、旗江珧Cd含量秋季較高;波紋巴非蛤、近江牡蠣、旗江珧、華貴櫛孔扇貝、琴文蛤Cr、Hg含量冬季較高;波紋巴非蛤、近江牡蠣、旗江珧、華貴櫛孔扇貝、琴文蛤As含量夏季高,秋季低;Pb含量未顯現(xiàn)明顯季節(jié)分布特征�？傮w而言,欽州與北海貝類重金屬污染嚴重,潿洲島、防城港、東興的貝類污染較輕。貝類養(yǎng)殖的海水環(huán)境會影響貝類積累重金屬的富集程度。相關(guān)性結(jié)果顯示貝類生活的環(huán)境因子影響貝類對重金屬的吸收,表現(xiàn)為貝類體內(nèi)的Zn、Cu含量與海水中的Zn、Cu濃度呈正相關(guān),與鹽度呈負相關(guān),而與水溫、pH、溶解氧沒有相關(guān)性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industry and agriculture in the Beibu Gulf Economic Circle of Guangxi, the pollution of heavy metals to the environment, especially to the water body, is becoming more and more serious. Shellfish have a strong ability to adsorb and accumulate heavy metals in water, which can easily lead to food safety problems. This study collected shellfish from Dongxing, Fangchenggang, Qinzhou, Beihai and Weizhou Island of Guangxi from September 2014 to November 2015. Reference is made to the National Food Safety Standard for Food contamination limits (GB 2762-2012C), the limits of noxious and harmful substances in Aquatic products of Non-Pollutant Food products (NNY 5073-2006) and the Australian Food Standards and regulations, The pollution of heavy metals in shellfish was evaluated by single factor index method and dietary exposure assessment method in order to find out the pollution status of heavy metals in shellfish in the coastal waters of Beibu Gulf, to analyze the pollution content of heavy metals in shellfish, and to analyze the pollution of heavy metals in different species. The distribution law of season and origin and the environmental factors affecting its content were discussed. The results are as follows: the pollution of heavy metals in the main economic shellfish is not optimistic. The qualified rate of heavy metals in the samples is only 40.15, and the excess heavy metals are Zn ~ (2 +) Cu ~ (2 +) CD ~ (2 +) as, and the excess rates are 0.75 ~ 7.58 ~ 7.30 ~ (7.30) and 49.24% respectively, among which, the pollution of as is serious. It is urgent to strengthen as pollution monitoring. The biological quality evaluation of single factor shellfish showed that the pollution factor quality index of the digestive gland of oyster, Cryptomonas subcrenata and Pinna pinna was 1. In order to ensure the safety of edible, it was suggested to remove the digestive glands of the shellfish and eat them. Dietary exposure assessment showed that the dietary intake of heavy metals did not pose a threat to human food safety, but the concentration of CD and as was obvious, so it was necessary to strengthen the monitoring of the above two elements. The accumulation of heavy metals in shellfish varied from species to species. Oyster near the river had higher enrichment ability to Zn and Cu. Pinna flagellata, scallop farreri, mussel, mussel clam, mussel emeralds, clam axillaris and Pinna pinna were easy to enrich. Shih otter clam, Mytilus mussels accumulated as more serious. The heavy metal contents of typical economic shellfish in Beibu Gulf of Guangxi show seasonal and geographical distribution characteristics. The Zn contents of Zn-Cu and Pinna pinna were higher in spring and summer, lower in autumn and winter, higher in autumn and autumn in chlamys farreri, higher in CD in autumn, higher in bafeiclam, oyster, Pinna pinata, chlamys farreri and Cr-Hg in winter. The contents of as were higher in summer, lower in autumn and lower in autumn, but the seasonal distribution characteristics were not obvious. The contents of Bafeiclam, oyster, pinna, scallop, scallop and clam were high in summer and low in autumn. In general, the pollution of heavy metals in Qinzhou and Beihai shellfish is serious, and the pollution of shellfish in Weizhou Island, Fangcheng Port and Dongxing is lighter. The marine environment of shellfish culture will affect the accumulation of heavy metals in shellfish. The results showed that the environmental factors of shellfish life affected the absorption of heavy metals by shellfish. The results showed that the content of Zn ~ (2 +) Cu in shellfish was positively correlated with the concentration of Zn ~ (2 +) Cu in seawater, and negatively correlated with salinity, but had no correlation with water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen.
【學位授予單位】：廣西師范學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X55

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