本文選題：土壤重金屬評價 + 礫質(zhì)淡灰鈣土��； 參考：《寧夏大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：賀蘭山東麓是國內(nèi)外公認的最適宜種植優(yōu)質(zhì)釀酒葡萄的黃金地帶,其獨特的地理、氣候和土壤優(yōu)勢,成為我國三大葡萄原產(chǎn)地域保護區(qū)之一。但隨著工農(nóng)業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展,各類化學產(chǎn)品、農(nóng)膜、農(nóng)藥及肥料的廣泛使用,使賀蘭山東麓葡萄的生產(chǎn)安全出現(xiàn)潛在危機,尤其土壤重金屬累積及潛在風險對其影響更為重要。鑒于重金屬累積會對土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量、土壤肥力以及土壤生產(chǎn)力等均造成直接影響,因此本研究選取賀蘭山東麓葡萄產(chǎn)區(qū)的主要土壤—礫質(zhì)淡灰鈣土和普通灰鈣土為研究對象,測定兩種不同類型土壤、肥料、灌溉水中重金屬鋅(Zn)、鉛(Pb)、鉻(Cr)、鎳(Ni)、銅(Cu)、鎘(Cd)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)含量,利用相關性分析、主成分分析和聚類分析法探討兩種類型土壤重金屬含量影響因素及來源,以國家土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量二級標準、寧夏土壤元素背景值、賀蘭山麓洪積沖積平原背景值為標準,研究土壤重金屬積累現(xiàn)狀及外源輸入渠道,并采用污染指數(shù)法和潛在生態(tài)危險指數(shù)法對重金屬污染程度和危害程度進行評價。研究結果表明:(1)兩種類型土壤上的8種重金屬的平均含量均低于國家土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量二級標準(pH7.5)。兩種類型土壤Cr、Cu和Ni元素的平均含量均超過寧夏土壤元素背景值,礫質(zhì)淡灰鈣土土壤Cr、Cu和Ni元素積累現(xiàn)象顯著;普通灰鈣土土壤Cr、Cu、Ni和Hg有明顯的累積趨勢。(2)賀蘭山沿山產(chǎn)區(qū)的合成有機肥中重金屬含量均高于農(nóng)家肥含量(除Hg和As);青銅峽產(chǎn)區(qū)的農(nóng)家肥中的Cu、Ni、Cr和Hg含量則顯著高于合成有機肥。青銅峽產(chǎn)區(qū)的灌溉水影響普通灰鈣土中Cr和As的積累。(3)相關性分析、聚類分析和主成分分析發(fā)現(xiàn)礫質(zhì)淡灰鈣土土壤重金屬元素Ni、Cu、Cr、Zn來源可能相同;Hg、As來源于成土母質(zhì);Pb可能來源于道路交通;Cd可能來源于農(nóng)業(yè)活動。普通灰鈣土土壤重金屬元素Zn、Cu、Cr、Hg和As可能來源于成土母質(zhì),Cr也可能來源于有機肥和灌溉水;Pb和Zn也可能來源于交通因素;Cd和Ni可能來源于農(nóng)業(yè)活動。(4)礫質(zhì)淡灰鈣土土壤重金屬單因子污染指數(shù)的平均值大小排序為CuNiCrPbHgAsZnCd,主要受Cu、Ni、Cr這3種重金屬的污染;普通灰鈣土土壤重金屬的單因子污染指數(shù)的平均值大小排序為HgCuNiCrAsCdPbZn,主要受Cu、Ni、Cr和Hg的污染。(5)礫質(zhì)淡灰鈣土土壤中8種重金屬元素的潛在生態(tài)危險單項系數(shù)均值屬于輕微生態(tài)危害程度;普通灰鈣土土壤中7種重金屬元素(除Hg外)的潛在生態(tài)危險單項系數(shù)均值屬于輕微生態(tài)危害程度,Hg屬于中等生態(tài)危害程度。兩種類型土壤潛在生態(tài)危險綜合指數(shù)RI值屬于輕微生態(tài)危害程度。Hg是兩種類型土壤最主要的潛在生態(tài)危險重金屬因子,Cd是次要的潛在生態(tài)因子。
[Abstract]:The eastern foot of Helan Mountain is recognized as the most suitable golden zone for the cultivation of high-quality wine grapes at home and abroad. Its unique geographical, climatic and soil advantages have become one of the three major grape native areas in China. However, with the rapid development of industry and agriculture, the widespread use of various chemical products, agricultural film, pesticides and fertilizers makes the production safety of grape in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain appear potential crisis, especially the accumulation and potential risk of heavy metals in soil is more important. In view of the direct effect of accumulation of heavy metals on soil environmental quality, soil fertility and soil productivity, the main soil-gravelly calcareous soil and ordinary graycalcareous soil in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain were selected as the research objects in this study. The contents of heavy metals (Zn ~ (2 +), Pb ~ (2 +), Cr ~ (2 +), Cr ~ (2 +), Ni ~ (2 +), Cu ~ (2 +), CD ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) in two different types of soil, fertilizer and irrigation water were determined, and the correlation analysis was used. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were used to study the influencing factors and sources of heavy metal contents in two types of soils. The national secondary standard of soil environmental quality, the background value of soil elements in Ningxia and the background value of Alluvial Plain in Helan Mountains were used as the criteria. The present situation of heavy metal accumulation in soil and the exogenous input channels were studied. The pollution degree and harm degree of heavy metals were evaluated by pollution index method and potential ecological hazard index method. The results showed that the average contents of eight heavy metals in the two types of soils were lower than those in the second grade national standard for soil environmental quality (pH 7.5). The average contents of Cr-Cu and Ni in the two types of soils were higher than the background values of soil elements in Ningxia, and the accumulation of Cr-Cu and Ni in gravelly calcareous soils was significant. The content of heavy metals in synthetic organic fertilizer in Hulan Mountain area is higher than that in farm manure (except Hg and Asn), and the contents of Cu (Cu) Ni (Cr) and Hg (Hg) in farm manure in Qingtongxia region are significantly higher than those in agricultural manure in Qingtongxia area. (2) the content of heavy metals in synthetic organic fertilizer in the mountain producing area of Helan Mountain is higher than that in agricultural manure (except Hg and Asn). Higher than synthetic organic fertilizer. Correlation analysis of the effects of irrigation water on the accumulation of Cr and as in the common lime calcareous soil in Qingtongxia region. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the source of heavy metal elements in gravelly calcareous soils was probably the same as that of HgMas derived from the parent material of the soil, Pb and CD from road traffic, and probably from agricultural activities. The heavy metal elements Zn _ (Cu) Cu _ (Cr) _ (Hg) and as _ (as) in the soil of ordinary lime and calcareous soil may be derived from the parent material, Cr, or from organic fertilizer and irrigation water, Pb and Zn, or from traffic factors, CD, CD and Ni from agricultural activities. (4) Gravelly calcareous soil. The average value of single factor pollution index of heavy metals in soil was ranked as CuNiCrPbHgAsZnCdTe, which was mainly polluted by three heavy metals. The average value of the single factor pollution index of heavy metals in the soil of ordinary lime calcareous soil is in the order of HgCuNiCrAsCdPbZn.The average value of the potential ecological hazards of eight heavy metals in gravelly soil is light. The degree of microecological harm; The average value of potential ecological hazard coefficient of seven heavy metal elements (except Hg) in the soil of common lime and calcareous soil belongs to the degree of slight ecological harm and Hg belongs to the degree of medium ecological hazard. Two types of soil potential ecological hazard index RI value belongs to the degree of slight ecological harm. Hg is the most important potential ecological hazard heavy metal factor CD is the secondary potential ecological factor.
【學位授予單位】：寧夏大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X53

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