本文選題：澎溪河高陽(yáng)平湖 + 富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：三峽水庫(kù)蓄水以來(lái),由原始的河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樗畮?kù)型生態(tài)系統(tǒng),水體的水文、水動(dòng)力和水質(zhì)特征均發(fā)生巨大的變化,部分支流水華頻繁爆發(fā)。而近年來(lái)澎溪河較其他支流爆發(fā)更為嚴(yán)重的水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化和水華現(xiàn)象,引起了社會(huì)各界的關(guān)注。已有研究表明,水體的分層以及水文條件被認(rèn)為是水華形成的關(guān)鍵因素,氮磷營(yíng)養(yǎng)則是作為水體藻類生長(zhǎng)的限制性因素,而作為蓄水僅14年的三峽庫(kù)區(qū),由于冬夏季30米的調(diào)水落差,支流底泥與消落帶在一年中經(jīng)歷著劇烈變化,在庫(kù)區(qū)水環(huán)境中充當(dāng)著“源”和“匯”的重要功能。因此,本研究以北岸最大支流澎溪河中游高陽(yáng)平湖為例,在研究水體藻類生長(zhǎng)繁殖與水體水質(zhì)、水文的關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上,分析底泥總磷和磷形態(tài)與水體營(yíng)養(yǎng)的關(guān)系,以闡明底泥生物化學(xué)過程與支流水環(huán)境的關(guān)系。本文于2016年1月至10月對(duì)澎溪河高陽(yáng)平湖水體和底泥進(jìn)行采樣分析,得出的結(jié)果如下:(1)本研究將水體分層分為溫躍層+滯溫層模式,混合層不明顯,水體中葉綠素-a(Chl-a)主要存在于0~10m深度的溫躍層,溫躍層水體仍然是藻類生長(zhǎng)富集的重要區(qū)域,水體分層是水華暴發(fā)的重要限制性因素。(2)高陽(yáng)平湖全年水體總氮(TN)、總磷(TP)含量(均值)1.793 mg·L-1、0.062 mg·L-1,遠(yuǎn)超水體發(fā)生富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化的閾值,冬季、春季、秋季主要以溶解性氮、磷為主,占TN、TP的72.34%、84.4%,夏季水體水體以顆粒態(tài)為主。有10.41%樣品的TN/TP值22(質(zhì)量比,下同);有56.25%樣品處于22TN/TP32,有33.34%樣品的TN/TP≥32,澎溪河高陽(yáng)平湖處于磷限制狀態(tài),磷仍是水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化和水華暴發(fā)的重要限制性因子。(3)高陽(yáng)平湖底泥中TP含量變化范圍為0.49~0.66 g·kg-1,均值為0.59 g·kg-1,總磷含量與長(zhǎng)江中下游干流及其湖泊沉積物相比處于中下游水平。底泥TP含量隨季節(jié)呈現(xiàn):春季冬季夏季秋季,可初步得出,春季底泥為水體磷的“源”,而夏秋冬三季為水體磷的“匯”。底泥中松散態(tài)磷(NH4Cl-P)、氧化還原敏感態(tài)磷(BD-P)、金屬氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)磷(NaOH-P)、鈣結(jié)合態(tài)磷(HCl-P)、殘?jiān)?Res-P)分別占TP的0.24%、2.08%、71.81%、9.01%和16.85%,底泥中以無(wú)機(jī)磷為主,達(dá)到83.15%,有機(jī)磷含量處于較低水平,同時(shí)可知底泥中磷形態(tài)主要以NaOH-P為主,存在有潛在的磷污染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。(4)Chl-a與底泥中NH4Cl-P表現(xiàn)出顯著的正相關(guān)(p0.05),與HCl-P表現(xiàn)出顯著的負(fù)相關(guān)(p0.05),水體TN對(duì)底泥中磷的形態(tài)分布無(wú)顯著的作用。而水體TP與生物有效性磷(BAP)、NaOH-P和HCl-P呈現(xiàn)極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(p0.01),即底泥中BAP、NaOH-P和HCl-P的釋放對(duì)水體TP的增加有重要的貢獻(xiàn)。(5)底泥pH、含水率、容重、有機(jī)質(zhì)(TOC)、TN與底泥磷的形態(tài)并無(wú)顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系,這些環(huán)境因子對(duì)高陽(yáng)平湖底泥磷形態(tài)分布以及吸附、釋放作用較小;然而氧化還原電位(Eh)與TP呈現(xiàn)極顯著的負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(p0.01),Eh值對(duì)底泥磷的釋放具有重要作用,是眾多環(huán)境因子之中影響底泥磷形態(tài)與分布的重要因素。底泥中易被利用磷形態(tài)的變化趨勢(shì)與PLFAs、APA變化一致,這說明微生物對(duì)于底泥磷的形態(tài)分布以及吸附、釋放具有重要作用。
[Abstract]:Since the storage of the Three Gorges reservoir, the original river ecosystem has been transformed into a reservoir type ecosystem. The hydrological, hydrodynamic and water quality characteristics of the water body have been changed greatly. Some branches of water bloom frequently erupt. In recent years, the Pengxi River has been more serious than other tributaries in water eutrophication and water bloom, causing the social circles. Attention. Studies have shown that the stratification and hydrological conditions of water are considered as the key factors for the formation of water bloom. Nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition is a limiting factor for the growth of algae in water bodies. As a reservoir area of only 14 years of water storage, the bottom mud and the falling zone of tributaries have undergone dramatic changes in the reservoir for a year of 30 meters in winter and summer. This study takes Pinghu, the middle reaches of Pengxi River, the largest tributary of the north bank as an example. On the basis of studying the relationship between the growth and reproduction of algae and water quality and hydrology, the relationship between the morphology of total phosphorus and phosphorus in the sediment and the water body nutrition is analyzed in order to clarify the biochemical process of the sediment. From January 2016 to October, the water and sediment of Pinghu, Gaoyang River in Pengxi River are sampled and analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) this study divides the water layer into a thermocline + stagnant layer model, and the mixed layer is not obvious. The chlorophyll -a (Chl-a) in the water body is mainly in the thermocline in the depth of 0~10m, and the thermocline is still in the water body. It is an important area for algae growth and enrichment, and the stratification of water body is an important limiting factor for the outbreak of water bloom. (2) the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) content (mean) of Gao Yang in Pinghu is 1.793 mg. L-1,0.062 mg. L-1 in the whole year. In winter, in spring and in autumn, mainly dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus, accounting for TN, 72.34%, 84.4% of TP, In summer, the main body of water body is particle state. There are 10.41% samples with TN/TP value 22 (mass ratio, the same below); 56.25% samples are in 22TN/TP32, 33.34% samples are TN/TP more than 32, the Pengxi River Gaoyang Pinghu is in the restricted state of phosphorus. Phosphorus is still an important limiting factor for the eutrophication of water body and the outbreak of water bloom. (3) the change range of the content of TP in the sediment of Gaoyang The mean value of 0.49~0.66 g / kg-1 is 0.59 G. Kg-1. The content of total phosphorus is in the middle and lower reaches of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its lake sediments. The content of sediment TP is shown in the season: in spring and winter in summer and autumn, the sediment in spring is the "source" of phosphorus in the water body, while the three season in summer, autumn and winter is the "sink" of phosphorus in the water body. Phosphorus (NH4Cl-P), redox sensitive phosphorus (BD-P), metal oxide bound phosphorus (NaOH-P), calcium bound phosphorus (HCl-P) and residue phosphorus (Res-P) accounted for 0.24%, 2.08%, 71.81%, 9.01% and 16.85% of TP, respectively, and the content of organophosphorus was 83.15%, and the content of organophosphorus was at a low level. At the same time, the phosphorus form in the sediment was mainly NaOH-P. There was a potential risk of phosphorus pollution. (4) Chl-a showed significant positive correlation with NH4Cl-P in sediment (P0.05), and showed significant negative correlation with HCl-P (P0.05). Water TN had no significant effect on the distribution of phosphorus in sediment, while TP in water body and bioavailable phosphorus (BAP), NaOH-P and HCl-P showed significant negative correlation (P0.01), that is BAP in sediment. The release of NaOH-P and HCl-P has an important contribution to the increase of TP in the water body. (5) the sediment pH, water content, bulk density, organic matter (TOC), and TN have no significant correlation with the form of phosphorus in the sediment. These environmental factors have little use on the phosphorus form distribution and the adsorption and release of phosphorus in the bottom mud of Pinghu, but the oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) and TP are extremely negative. The correlation (P0.01), Eh value plays an important role in the release of phosphorus in sediment. It is an important factor affecting the form and distribution of phosphorus in sediment among many environmental factors. The change trend of the form of phosphorus in the sediment is consistent with the changes of PLFAs and APA. This shows that microbes have an important role in the distribution of phosphorus in the sediment and the adsorption and release of phosphorus.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X524

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本文編號(hào)：1910749