本文選題：農村生活污水 + 重力流塔式生物濾池��； 參考：《昆明理工大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：農村生活污水已成為各大流域面源污染的主要來源之一。建設“美麗中國”從建設“美麗鄉(xiāng)村”開始,農村生活污水無序排放導致水生態(tài)污染,治理迫在眉睫。因為農村生活污水具備無序排放、水量小、波動大且相對分散等特點,宜開發(fā)采用高效率、低耗能、低成本、易管理和易操作的農村生活污水處理工藝技術�；谵r村地區(qū)的污水特點和經濟水平,本研究以云南某農村生活污水為研究對象,采用聚丙烯塑料球為填料,利用自行設計的重力流塔式生物濾池進行處理,研究了不同水質濃度的掛膜特性,分別探討了工藝穩(wěn)定運行期間整個系統(tǒng)及不同濾層對特征污染物的去除效率與特性。試驗結果顯示:本試驗啟動采用自然掛膜方式,正常濃度進水掛膜成熟所需時間比低濃度進水掛膜所需時間短,分別為36天和48天;正常濃度進水掛膜生物膜活性略高于低濃度進水掛膜,代表微生物膜活性的指標VSS/SS分別為0.7和0.64,但并無顯著差異;正常濃度進水掛膜期間塔式生物濾池對各污染物的平均去除率均高于低濃度進水掛膜期間的去除率,但出水中各污染物的平均濃度也高于低濃度進水掛膜期間的出水平均濃度。塔式生物濾池穩(wěn)定運行期間,在水力負荷14.5m3/(m2·d),水力停留時間2.45h條件下,對SS、NH4+-N、TN、BOD5和CODCr,平均去除率分別可達91.5%、68.6%、63.7%、93.0%和 87.0%,對應的出水濃度分別為 17.92mg/L、8.2mg/L、13.3mg/L、12.6 mg/L和36.4 mg/L。以上各項指標均在《城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠污染物排放標準》(GB 18918-2002)一級B類標準范圍內;但總磷的去除率僅為68.7%,出水平均濃度為1.75mg/L,符合《城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠污染物排放標準》(GB 18918—2002)二級標準。同一工況下,塔式生物濾池不同濾料層對污染物的去除效果存在差異。塔式生物濾池根據濾層分布對BOD5、CODCr、TP的去除率逐層下降,而對TN和NH4+-N的去除率逐層升高。分析結果表明,濾池對CODCr、BOD5和TP的去除主要發(fā)生在濾池的第一濾料層、第二濾料層、第三濾料層,而對的TN和NH4+-N去除則主要發(fā)生在濾池的第四濾料層。塔式生物濾池根據濾層分布對BOD5、CODCr、TP的去除率逐層下降,而對TN和NH4+-N的去除率逐層升高。分析結果表明,濾層1至濾層3對CODCr的去除率分別在30.0%、24.0%、20.0%以上;濾層1至濾層3對BOD5的去除率分別在33.0%、25.0%、22.0%以上;濾層1至濾層3對TP的去除率分別在20.0%、18.0%、15.0%以上。而塔式生物濾池對的TN和NH4+-N去除則主要發(fā)生在濾池的下部,濾層4對TN的去除率在20%以上;濾層4對NH4+-N在19.5%以上。塔式生物濾池具有較好的抗沖擊負荷能力,在污染負荷波動下,對污染物去除率依然能夠保持穩(wěn)定,特別是對CODCr、BOD5和SS的去除率。塔式生物濾池適用于農村生活污水的凈化處理,特別對山地和丘陵地區(qū)的分散型農村污水處理,該技術具有特別明顯的優(yōu)勢,值得應用和推廣。
[Abstract]:Rural domestic sewage has become one of the main sources of non-point source pollution. The construction of "beautiful China" begins with the construction of "beautiful countryside". The disorderly discharge of rural domestic sewage leads to water ecological pollution. Because the rural domestic sewage has the characteristics of disorderly discharge, small water quantity, large fluctuation and relative dispersion, it is suitable to develop and adopt the rural domestic sewage treatment technology which is high efficiency, low energy consumption, low cost, easy to manage and easy to operate. Based on the characteristics and economic level of sewage in rural areas, a rural sewage in Yunnan Province was studied in this paper. Polypropylene plastic ball was used as filler and gravity flow tower biofilter designed by ourselves was used to treat the wastewater. The characteristics of suspended membrane with different water concentration were studied, and the removal efficiency and characteristics of characteristic pollutants in the whole system and different filter layers during the stable operation of the process were discussed respectively. The test results showed that the maturation time of normal influent membrane was shorter than that of low concentration influent membrane, which was 36 days and 48 days, respectively. The biofilm activity of normal concentration influent membrane was slightly higher than that of low concentration influent membrane. The index VSS/SS representing microbial membrane activity was 0. 7 and 0. 64 respectively, but there was no significant difference. The average removal rate of each pollutant in the tower biofilter was higher than that in the low concentration influent membrane period, but the average concentration of each pollutant in the effluent was also higher than that in the low concentration influent membrane period. During the steady operation of the tower biofilter, under the condition of hydraulic loading of 14.5m3/(m2 DU and HRT of 2.45 h, the average removal rates of SSN NH4 -NNU TNBOD5 and CODCrwere 91.5% 68.6% and 63.7% and 87.0%, respectively. The corresponding effluent concentrations were 17.92 mg / L 8.2 mg / L 13.3 mg / L 12.6 mg/L and 36.4 mg / L respectively. All the above indexes are within the first class B standard of "Standard for pollutant discharge in municipal wastewater treatment plants" (GB 18918-2002). However, the removal rate of total phosphorus is only 68.7 and the average effluent concentration is 1.75 mg / L, which is in accordance with the second class standard (GB 18918-2002). Under the same condition, the removal efficiency of pollutants in different filter media layers of tower biofilter is different. The removal rate of BOD5CODCr-TP in tower biofilter decreased layer by layer, but the removal rate of TN and NH4 -N increased layer by layer according to the filter layer distribution. The results show that the removal of COD rn BOD5 and TP mainly occurs in the first filter media layer, the second filter media layer, the third filter media layer, and the TN and NH4 N removal mainly occurs in the fourth filter media layer. The removal rate of BOD5CODCr-TP in tower biofilter decreased layer by layer, but the removal rate of TN and NH4 -N increased layer by layer according to the filter layer distribution. The results showed that the removal rates of CODCr from filter layer 1 to filter layer 3 were more than 20.0%, the removal rate of BOD5 from filter layer 1 to filter layer 3 were more than 33.025.0%, and the removal rate of TP from filter layer 1 to filter layer 3 were more than 20.018.00.0.The results showed that the removal rate of CODCr from filter layer 1 to filter layer 3 was more than 20.018.00.The removal rate of BOD5 from filter layer 1 to filter layer 3 was more than 22.0%, and the removal rate of TP from filter layer 1 to filter layer 3 was more than 20.018.015.0%. The removal of TN and NH4-N in the tower biofilter was mainly in the lower part of the filter, the removal rate of TN from filter layer 4 was above 20%, and the removal rate of TN from filter layer 4 from NH4-N was more than 19. 5%. The tower biofilter has better anti-shock load capability, and the removal rate of pollutants can be kept stable under the fluctuation of pollution load, especially the removal rate of CODCr-BOD5 and SS. The tower biofilter is suitable for the treatment of rural domestic sewage, especially for the decentralized treatment of rural sewage in mountainous and hilly areas. This technology has obvious advantages and deserves to be applied and popularized.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X799.3

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相關期刊論文 前10條

1 楊玲;孔范龍;郗敏;李悅;訾園園;;農村典型分散式污水處理系統(tǒng)的能值分析——以青島土壤快速滲濾系統(tǒng)為例（英文）[J];Journal of Resources and Ecology;2016年04期

2 易齊濤;李慧;章磊;金永U，

本文編號：1889315