本文選題：染料廢水 + 改性亞麻秸稈�。� 參考：《華北電力大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：染料按照化學(xué)成分可被分為陽離子染料、陰離子染料和非離子染料,其被廣泛運(yùn)用于紡織、印刷、造紙、電鍍、食品加工、塑料制品加工等行業(yè)。中國染料工業(yè)在近年得到迅速發(fā)展,據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),2015年染顏料的產(chǎn)量合計(jì)達(dá)到115萬噸,染顏料中間體合計(jì)達(dá)到32萬噸,已成為世界領(lǐng)先的染料生產(chǎn)商和供應(yīng)商。酸性染料是一種水溶性的陰離子染料,其分子結(jié)構(gòu)中含有-SO3Na或-COONa酸性基團(tuán)。酸性染料按照分子類型又可分為偶氮型、蒽醌型、三芳甲烷型、亞硝基型等,偶氮染料是其中種類較多且使用量較大的一類。酸性染料結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,水溶性好,色譜齊全且色彩鮮艷。染料廢水由其生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)和使用產(chǎn)業(yè)大量排放進(jìn)入環(huán)境,目前由于許多印染企業(yè)的水處理技術(shù)的欠缺以及人們環(huán)保意識(shí)的薄弱,對(duì)于產(chǎn)生的各類染料廢水只極少數(shù)經(jīng)過有效處理后達(dá)標(biāo)排放,這也使得染料廢水成為水環(huán)境污染的一大重要因素。因染料廢水具有色度高、毒性大、成分復(fù)雜以及極低的生化性等特點(diǎn)而對(duì)環(huán)境造成了嚴(yán)重的污染。有些染料分子,尤其是偶氮染料,對(duì)生物具有致畸、致癌、致突變作用,排入環(huán)境后不僅會(huì)對(duì)生物群體產(chǎn)生危害,甚至?xí)鹑梭w病變或誘發(fā)癌癥。所以尋找高效經(jīng)濟(jì)的染料廢水處理方法是非常必要的。亞麻秸稈是產(chǎn)生于亞麻纖維加工業(yè)過程中的一種木質(zhì)殘留物。大多數(shù)的亞麻秸稈被丟棄或者被焚燒,這不僅造成了生物資源的浪費(fèi),同時(shí)也造成了嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染問題。作為一種來源廣泛的農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物,亞麻秸稈本身含有一定量的木質(zhì)素和纖維素,具有成為優(yōu)良染料吸附劑的潛質(zhì)。本文以亞麻秸稈為研究對(duì)象,在將其用兩種不同結(jié)構(gòu)的表面活性劑改性后,作為吸附劑去除水溶液中的三種酸性偶氮染料(酸性橙7,酸性紅18和酸性黑1),探討三種染料在改性亞麻秸稈上的吸附性能。整個(gè)吸附過程還受到溶液的初始p H、吸附劑投加量、溶液的離子強(qiáng)度以及體系反應(yīng)溫度等方面的影響。研究結(jié)果表明:CTMAB改性亞麻秸稈對(duì)三種酸性偶氮染料具有良好的吸附去除效果。三種染料的去除率隨溶液p H值的增加而下降,最大吸附量在pH為2時(shí)獲得;隨著吸附劑投加量的增加,三種染料去除率明顯上升;而離子強(qiáng)度的增加卻導(dǎo)致了三種染料去除率的下降;CG-12改性亞麻秸稈吸附三種酸性偶氮染料的研究中,溶液初始p H、吸附劑投加量以及離子強(qiáng)度的影響與CTMAB改性亞麻秸稈吸附相似。此外,在CG-12改性亞麻秸稈吸附三種染料的實(shí)驗(yàn)中,還通過全因子設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)考察了因素間的交互作用對(duì)吸附的影響,結(jié)果表明其中影響比較顯著的是反應(yīng)溫度和吸附劑投加量之間的作用;三種染料在兩種改性亞麻秸稈吸附劑上的吸附都可以用Langmuir吸附等溫線模型很好地描述,吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)均符合二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型。熱力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)表明三種染料在改性亞麻秸稈上的吸附均為自發(fā)過程。
[Abstract]:Dyes can be divided into cationic dyes, anionic dyes and non-ionic dyes according to their chemical composition. They are widely used in textile, printing, papermaking, electroplating, food processing, plastic products processing and other industries. The dyestuff industry of China has been developing rapidly in recent years. According to statistics, the total output of dyestuff reached 1.15 million tons in 2015, and the sum of dyestuff intermediate reached 320000 tons in 2015. China has become the world's leading manufacturer and supplier of dyes. Acid dyes are water-soluble anionic dyes, and their molecular structures contain -SO _ 3Na or -COONa acid groups. Acid dyes can be divided into azo type, anthraquinone type, triaromatic methane type and nitroso type according to their molecular types. Azo dyes are one of the most widely used ones. Acid dyes have simple structure, good water solubility, complete chromatography and bright colors. Dye wastewater is discharged into the environment by its production and use industries. At present, because of the lack of water treatment technology in many printing and dyeing enterprises and the weakness of people's awareness of environmental protection, Only a few dyestuff wastewater can be discharged to the standard after effective treatment, which makes the dye wastewater become an important factor of water environment pollution. Because of its high chromaticity, high toxicity, complex composition and very low biochemistry, dyestuff wastewater has caused serious pollution to the environment. Some dye molecules, especially azo dyes, have teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on organisms. Therefore, it is very necessary to find efficient and economical treatment method of dye wastewater. Flax straw is a kind of wood residue produced in flax fiber processing industry. Most flax stalks were discarded or burned, which not only caused the waste of biological resources, but also caused serious environmental pollution. As a kind of agricultural waste, flax straw contains a certain amount of lignin and cellulose, which has the potential to become an excellent dye adsorbent. In this paper, flax straw was modified with two different surfactants. Three kinds of acid azo dyes (acid orange 7, acid red 18 and acid black 1) were removed from aqueous solution as adsorbent. The adsorption properties of the three dyes on modified flax straw were investigated. The adsorption process is also affected by the initial pH of the solution, the dosage of adsorbent, the ionic strength of the solution and the reaction temperature of the system. The results showed that the modified flax straw modified with 1: CTMAB had a good adsorption and removal effect on three kinds of acid azo dyes. The removal rate of the three dyes decreased with the increase of pH value of the solution, and the maximum adsorption capacity was obtained at pH 2, and the removal rate of the three dyes increased with the increase of the amount of adsorbent. However, the increase of ionic strength resulted in the decrease of the removal rate of three dyes, and the adsorption of three kinds of acid azo dyes by CG-12 modified flax straw. The effects of solution initial pH, adsorbent dosage and ionic strength were similar to those of CTMAB modified flax straw. In addition, in the experiment of adsorption of three dyes by CG-12 modified flax straw, the effect of the interaction of factors on the adsorption was investigated through the experiment of full-factor design. The results show that the effect of reaction temperature and the amount of adsorbent on the adsorption of three dyes on two modified flax straw adsorbents can be described by Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The experimental data of adsorption kinetics all accord with the second order kinetic model. Thermodynamic data showed that the adsorption of the three dyes on modified flax straw was a spontaneous process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X703

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本文編號(hào)：1881966