本文選題：土壤 + 重金屬　； 參考：《浙江大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著工、農(nóng)業(yè)的高速發(fā)展,大量污染物通過各種途徑進入土壤環(huán)境中造成土壤污染。農(nóng)田土壤重金屬污染已成為制約我國農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要因素,修復治理工作刻不容緩。固化/穩(wěn)定化技術(shù)是目前最具應用潛力的重金屬污染農(nóng)田土壤修復技術(shù)之一。天然礦物材料,特別是粘土類礦物材料,對重金屬有良好的吸附效果,且天然無害,環(huán)境友好,價格低廉,在自然界中分布廣泛,存量巨大,被廣泛用于重金屬污染農(nóng)田土壤鈍化修復的研究和應用。本文在評述粘土礦物增強土壤吸附固定重金屬研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,研究了雞糞肥溶出有機質(zhì)(CM-DOM)對粘土礦物吸附重金屬的影響及作用機制;實施了重金屬污染農(nóng)田土壤鈍化修復的模擬實驗和現(xiàn)場試驗,擬為礦物材料鈍化修復重金屬污染農(nóng)田土壤提供理論依據(jù)與實際案例參考。論文取得了以下有價值的研究成果:(1)探明了 CM-DOM對粘土礦物吸附Cd~(2+)的影響及作用機理,發(fā)現(xiàn)CM-DOM顯著降低膨潤土和沸石對Cd~(2+)的吸附性能,且沸石吸附性能下降程度大于膨潤土;發(fā)現(xiàn)吸附態(tài)CM-DOM對Cd~(2+)吸附的抑制作用是導致粘土礦物吸附性能下降的主要因素;吸附態(tài)CM-DOM主要通過位阻效應抑制Cd~(2+)在膨潤土表面的吸附,通過對吸附點位的占據(jù)作用和位阻效應共同作用抑制沸石吸附Cd~(2+)。(2)實施了礦物材料鈍化修復重金屬污染農(nóng)田土壤的模擬實驗和現(xiàn)場試驗,發(fā)現(xiàn)投加1%或2%的沸石、磷灰石,2%膨潤土/磷灰石(1:1)及沸石/磷灰石(1:1)能有效降低土壤中Cd、Pb、Zn等重金屬的有效態(tài)百分含量,且降低程度與土壤pH增加量呈正相關(guān);2%的沸石、磷灰石及沸石/磷灰石(1:1)顯著降低了稻米中Cd含量,降低百分率為25.0%-58.9%,其中2%沸石/磷灰石(1:1)的降低效果最好(稻米中Cd含量降低58.9%),且存在協(xié)同作用;稻米中Cd含量與土壤中Cd有效態(tài)含量變化趨勢一致。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industry and agriculture, a large number of pollutants have been contaminated by various channels into the soil environment. Heavy metal pollution in farmland has become an important factor restricting the sustainable development of agriculture in China. The remediation and stabilization technology is the most potential heavy metal contaminated farmland soil before the eyes. Natural mineral materials, especially clay mineral materials, have good adsorption effect on heavy metals, and are natural, environmentally friendly, inexpensive, widely distributed in nature and large in stock, and are widely used in the study and application of soil blunt repair in heavy metal polluted farmland. This paper reviews the enhancement of clay minerals in this paper. On the basis of soil adsorption and immobilization of heavy metals, the effect and mechanism of organic matter (CM-DOM) on the adsorption of heavy metals on clay minerals was studied, and simulated experiments and field experiments were carried out to provide a theoretical basis for the restoration of Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmland by the passivation of heavy metals. According to the actual case reference. The paper obtained the following valuable research results: (1) the effect and mechanism of CM-DOM on the adsorption of Cd~ (2+) on clay minerals and the adsorption properties of bentonite and zeolite to Cd~ (2+) were significantly reduced, and the decrease of adsorption properties of zeolite was greater than that of bentonite, and the adsorption CM-DOM was found to adsorb Cd~ (2+). The inhibitory effect is the main factor that leads to the decrease of adsorption properties of clay minerals. The adsorption state CM-DOM mainly inhibits the adsorption of Cd~ (2+) on the bentonite through the steric effect, and inhibits the adsorption of Cd~ (2+) by the occupying and steric effects of the adsorption sites. (2) the passivation of mineral materials is implemented to repair the soil contaminated by heavy metals. Soil simulation and field experiments showed that adding 1% or 2% of zeolite, apatite, 2% Bentonite / apatite (1:1) and zeolite / apatite (1:1) could effectively reduce the content of Cd, Pb, Zn and other heavy metals in the soil, and the degree of decrease was positively correlated with the increase of soil pH, and 2% of the zeolite, apatite and zeolite / apatite (1:1) were significantly reduced. The percentage of Cd in rice was 25.0%-58.9%, and the reduction of 2% zeolite / apatite (1:1) was the best (the Cd content in rice was reduced by 58.9%), and there was a synergistic effect, and the content of Cd in rice was in accordance with the change trend of the Cd content in the soil.

【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X53

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