本文選題：位山灌區(qū) + 農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染��； 參考：《濟南大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會生產(chǎn)力水平和經(jīng)濟水平的高速發(fā)展,我國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展水平也在迅猛提高,與此同時農(nóng)業(yè)活動引起的農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染問題也日趨嚴重和顯露,其中農(nóng)業(yè)施肥中氮、磷元素的流失是造成農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染的主要原因。因此,為了弄清作物對氮、磷元素的利用特征及對地下水污染風險性,本文以山東省聊城位山灌區(qū)為研究對象,通過對不同水肥處理農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量及氮、磷利用率的研究分析,得出最佳水肥處理。通過查閱相關資料,運用PNPI方法對研究區(qū)域地下水、土壤污染風險性進行相關分析,結合GIS技術對研究區(qū)域不同區(qū)劃地下水、土壤污染風險性進行矢量構圖,形成更為直觀的污染風險性分區(qū)圖,為當?shù)叵嚓P部門建立有效的防范面源污染體系提供了合理建議和科學依據(jù)。本文主要結論有以下幾點:(1)通過田間測坑實驗,結果表明:在冬小麥的生長期研究土層氮素的變化特征是返青~拔節(jié)期濃度較高,抽穗~灌漿期濃度較低,乳熟期濃度上升;夏玉米生長過程研究土層氮素幼苗期~拔節(jié)期濃度較小,抽雄~乳熟期濃度逐漸提高。磷素的變化特征不明顯,0~40cm淺層土壤是主要的分布區(qū)。(2)通過實驗得出總氮的淋失量為18.45~32.4kg/hm~2,總磷的淋失量為0.281~0.378kg/hm~2;冬小麥氮磷元素的利用率分別為16.9%~36.5%、10.87%~18.18%;夏玉米氮磷元素的利用率分別為21.35%~40.76%、7.34%~14.09%。(3)根據(jù)不同水肥處理農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量及氮磷利用率,得出最佳的水肥處理:對冬小麥做中水中肥處理,對夏玉米進行低水低肥處理。(4)主要采用了PNPI方法和GIS技術對研究區(qū)域內(nèi)地下水及土壤污染風險性進行分析評估,研究結果顯示:灌區(qū)地下水污染風險值由東南向西北、東北向西南逐漸降低,土壤污染風險值整體呈現(xiàn)由東南至西北逐漸升高。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social productivity and economic level, the level of agricultural development in China is also increasing rapidly. At the same time, the agricultural non-point source pollution caused by agricultural activities is becoming more and more serious and exposed, among which nitrogen is applied in agricultural fertilization. Phosphorus loss is the main cause of agricultural non-point source pollution. Therefore, in order to find out the characteristics of crop utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus and the risk of groundwater pollution, this paper studied the yield of crops and the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in different water and fertilizer treatments, taking Liaocheng Yishan Irrigation District of Shandong Province as the research object. Get the best treatment of water and fertilizer. By referring to relevant data, using PNPI method to analyze the risk of groundwater and soil pollution in the study area, combining with GIS technology, vector composition of groundwater and soil pollution risk in different regions of the study area was carried out. The formation of a more intuitive pollution risk zoning map provides reasonable advice and scientific basis for the establishment of an effective non-point source pollution prevention system for the local departments concerned. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) through the field pit test, the results show that the characteristics of soil nitrogen change in winter wheat growing period are higher concentration in the stage of returning green to jointing, lower concentration in heading to filling stage, and higher concentration in milk-ripening stage. Study on the growth process of Summer Maize the concentration of nitrogen in soil layer from seedling stage to jointing stage was small and the concentration of nitrogen increased gradually from heading to milking stage. Through experiment, the leaching amount of total nitrogen is 18.45 ~ 32.4 kg 路hm ~ (2), total phosphorus leaching is 0.281 ~ 0.378 kg / hm ~ (2), the utilization ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus in winter wheat is 16.9 ~ 36.56.50.87 ~ 10.87 ~ 18.18; the nitrogen and phosphorus utilization ratio of winter wheat is 16.9nb ~ 36.5m ~ (10.87) ~ 10.87 ~ 18.18 ~ (th), and the total nitrogen and phosphorus loss is 18.45 ~ 32.4 kg / hm ~ (-2), 0.281 ~ 0.378 kg 路hm ~ (2) 路hm ~ (2) ~ (-1) respectively. The yield of crops treated with different water and fertilizer and the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus were 21.35% and 7.34% and 14.09%, respectively. The results showed that the best water and fertilizer treatment: middle water fertilizer treatment for winter wheat and low water and low fertilizer treatment for summer maize. The PNPI method and GIS technique were mainly used to analyze and evaluate the risk of groundwater and soil pollution in the study area. The results showed that the groundwater pollution risk value of irrigation area decreased gradually from southeast to northwest, northeast to southwest, and soil pollution risk value increased gradually from southeast to northwest.
【學位授予單位】：濟南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X523;X53;X820.4

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