本文選題：突發(fā)性 + 地下水　； 參考：《河北工程大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：地下水是地球上的寶貴資源,在人類生存發(fā)展、經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)步過程中起著舉足輕重的作用。但是,近些年來,突發(fā)性地下水污染事故頻繁發(fā)生,為了提高應(yīng)對突發(fā)性地下水污染事故的能力,維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定,保護(hù)環(huán)境,本論文在相關(guān)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一套突發(fā)性地下水污染事故預(yù)警模型,并提出了與預(yù)警警度相對應(yīng)的應(yīng)急響應(yīng)措施,以期為相關(guān)研究學(xué)者和政府部門及時(shí)有效的應(yīng)對突發(fā)事故提供可靠的科學(xué)依據(jù)。本文主要進(jìn)行了以下幾個(gè)方面的工作:首先,根據(jù)場地實(shí)際調(diào)研結(jié)果,介紹了研究區(qū)的自然環(huán)境概況和水文地質(zhì)條件,以及研究區(qū)可能會(huì)發(fā)生突發(fā)事故的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)源,包括工業(yè)廢水污染、加油站、垃圾填埋場、農(nóng)業(yè)污染源和畜禽養(yǎng)殖場五大類。假設(shè)畜禽養(yǎng)殖場發(fā)生突發(fā)事故,根據(jù)養(yǎng)殖基地與水質(zhì)監(jiān)測井的位置關(guān)系,明確了突發(fā)性地下水污染事故預(yù)警的評價(jià)目標(biāo)。其次,采用PSR模型構(gòu)建了突發(fā)性地下水污染事故預(yù)警指標(biāo)體系,考慮了污染源特征、地下水易污性、自然環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、人體健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)損失風(fēng)險(xiǎn)五個(gè)因素,選取了15個(gè)預(yù)警指標(biāo)。通過改進(jìn)的層次分析法,得出指標(biāo)體系中各個(gè)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重,結(jié)果為:污染物濃度超標(biāo)尺度占比最大,污染物自身毒性占比次之,凈補(bǔ)給量占比最小。再次,通過參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或資料給出了各預(yù)警指標(biāo)明確的計(jì)算方法和等級劃分。針對突發(fā)性地下水污染事故,建立了突發(fā)性地下水污染事故指標(biāo)等級標(biāo)準(zhǔn),將突發(fā)性地下水污染事故預(yù)警分級劃分為“巨警、重警、中警、輕警和無警”,對應(yīng)的警度分別為四級、三級、二級、一級和零級。在此基礎(chǔ)上,采用AHP—模糊綜合評價(jià)法構(gòu)造了突發(fā)性地下水污染事故模糊判斷矩陣,利用最大隸屬度原則對模糊判斷矩陣進(jìn)行綜合評價(jià),評價(jià)結(jié)果為:水井G2的預(yù)警級別為二級,警報(bào)顏色為黃色,說明將會(huì)受到中度污染;水井G3的預(yù)警級別為一級,警報(bào)顏色為藍(lán)色,說明將會(huì)受到輕度污染;水井G7的預(yù)警級別為三級,警報(bào)顏色為橙色,說明將會(huì)受到重度污染;對照井G1的預(yù)警級別為零級,警報(bào)顏色為綠色,說明水井G2、G3和G7的預(yù)警結(jié)果可作參考。最后,在三個(gè)水井和一個(gè)對照井預(yù)警結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了突發(fā)性地下水污染事故的應(yīng)急措施,并分別給出了四個(gè)水井具體的響應(yīng)措施。
[Abstract]:Groundwater is a valuable resource on the earth, which plays an important role in the process of human survival and development and economic progress. However, in recent years, sudden groundwater pollution accidents occur frequently. In order to improve the ability to deal with sudden groundwater pollution accidents, maintain social stability and protect the environment, this paper is based on the relevant research. This paper puts forward a set of early warning model of sudden groundwater pollution accident, and puts forward the emergency response measures corresponding to the warning warning degree, in order to provide a reliable scientific basis for relevant researchers and government departments to respond to sudden accidents in a timely and effective manner. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, according to the actual site investigation results, the natural environment and hydrogeological conditions of the research area are introduced, and the potential risk sources of sudden accidents in the research area are also introduced. Including industrial wastewater pollution, gas stations, landfills, agricultural pollution sources and livestock farms five categories. Based on the position relationship between breeding base and water quality monitoring well, the evaluation target of unexpected groundwater pollution accident is defined. Secondly, the early warning index system of sudden groundwater pollution accident is constructed by using PSR model. Five factors are considered, such as pollution source characteristics, groundwater pollution vulnerability, natural environment risk, human health risk and economic and social loss risk. Fifteen early warning indicators were selected. Through the improved analytic hierarchy process, the weight of each index in the index system is obtained. The results are as follows: the proportion of pollutant concentration exceeding the standard scale is the largest, the pollution itself toxicity ratio is the second, and the net feed ratio is the least. Thirdly, the calculation method and classification of each early warning index are given by reference standard or data. In view of the sudden groundwater pollution accident, the index grade standard of the sudden groundwater pollution accident is established, and the early warning classification of the sudden groundwater pollution accident is divided into "giant police, heavy warning, middle warning, light warning and no warning". The corresponding alarm levels are four, three, two, one and zero. On this basis, the fuzzy judgment matrix of sudden groundwater pollution accident is constructed by using AHP- fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and the fuzzy judgment matrix is comprehensively evaluated by the principle of maximum membership degree. The evaluation results are as follows: the warning level of well G2 is two, the alarm color is yellow, indicating that the water well G3 will be moderately polluted, and the warning level of water well G3 is one grade, the warning color is blue, indicating that the water well G3 will be slightly polluted; The warning level of well G7 is three levels and the warning color is orange, which indicates that the warning level of well G1 is zero and the warning color is green, which indicates that the early warning results of well G2G3 and G7 can be used as reference. Finally, based on the early warning results of three wells and one controlled well, the emergency measures of the sudden groundwater pollution accident are put forward, and the concrete response measures of the four wells are given respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：X523

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